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Sea breeze

About: Sea breeze is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2544 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55651 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present high-resolution data from a wind farm collected during operational and idle periods that shows the wind farm affected several measures of ground-level climate, including air temperature and absolute humidity.
Abstract: The global drive to produce low-carbon energy has resulted in an unprecedented deployment of onshore wind turbines, representing a significant land use change for wind energy generation with uncertain consequences for local climatic conditions and the regulation of ecosystem processes. Here, we present high-resolution data from a wind farm collected during operational and idle periods that shows the wind farm affected several measures of ground-level climate. Specifically, we discovered that operational wind turbines raised air temperature by 0.18 °C and absolute humidity (AH) by 0.03 g m−3 during the night, and increased the variability in air, surface and soil temperature throughout the diurnal cycle. Further, the microclimatic influence of turbines on air temperature and AH decreased logarithmically with distance from the nearest turbine. These effects on ground-level microclimate, including soil temperature, have uncertain implications for biogeochemical processes and ecosystem carbon cycling, including soil carbon stocks. Consequently, understanding needs to be improved to determine the overall carbon balance of wind energy.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the thermal comfort of a sample of days during the summer of 2006 and concluded that most of the sites in the city are “slightly comfortable” during normal days with sea breeze, but only shore sites and the highest green areas offer some comfort during hot days.
Abstract: To urism plays a crucial role for the development of coastal areas. Despite the mildness of Madeira’s climate, very hot days can occur during summer, a situation to which most tourists from northern Europe (the majority of foreign tourists) are poorly adapted. As sea breezes strongly contribute to moderate heat stress in urban environments, their influence on the thermal comfort on the island has been studied. Sea breezes occurred on 84 % of the days during the period under study (May to October 2006). They usually start around 09:30 h and end after 22:00 h, with an average duration of about 12:50 hours and a mean velocity of 2.9 m/s. Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) was used to evaluate the thermal comfort of a sample of days during the summer of 2006. It was concluded that most of the sites in the city are “slightly comfortable” during normal days with sea breeze, but only shore sites and the highest green areas offer some comfort during hot days. Inside the city, the thermal perception is generally “hot” and strong heat stress can occur. As sea breezes are important to mitigate heat stress, some basic guidelines were presented: urban planners should take advantage of this wind system avoiding dense construction near the shoreline that would act as a barrier to the renewal of the air inside the city. In terms of tourism, planners and local authorities should provide solutions to mitigate the negative effects during hot periods, creating a system to warn and relocate more vulnerable tourists to places near the shore line, to the mountains, to gardens and air-conditioned buildings. In combination with other components (beauty of the island, gastronomy, cultural values and safety), climate information can be a factor of attractiveness to tourists. Zusammenfassung

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors combined GIS modeling, wind turbine performance, and the wind speed distribution with a large daily dataset to estimate onshore technical and net wind energy potential in China.
Abstract: Due to the advantages of relatively mature technologies and low greenhouse gas pollution, wind energy represents a vital energy alternative for electricity generation. Using onshore wind power has become increasingly important in China. Currently, wind energy faces energy return on investment (EROI) and geographical constraints, which both have significant impacts on net wind energy potential. This study combines GIS modeling, wind turbine performance, and the wind speed distribution with a large daily dataset to estimate onshore technical and net wind energy potential in China and to visualize the available wind energy potential. In this study, more detailed local topographic effects (changing air density, surface roughness, air density, array placement efficiency) were considered despite the complexity of applying them at a country level. The results show that the technical potential of China’s onshore wind energy could reach 2560 TW h/yr in a 0% agriculture land scenario and 3501 TW h/yr in a 70% agriculture land scenario, and the net energy potential could reach 2335 TW h/yr and 3194 TW h/yr when EROI = 11.4:1 (when averaging performance of turbines across geographic areas) in these two different scenarios.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper attempts to provide insight into circulation and mixing characteristics of seasonally open estuaries based on the results of a field study undertaken at Wilson Inlet, a typical seasonallyopen estuary, in south-western Australia.
Abstract: Tidal inlets in microtidal, wave-dominated coastal environments tend to close to the ocean seasonally. This obstructs navigation and could cause degradation of water quality in the estuary/lagoon connected to the inlet. Hence, engineering solutions are often implemented to prevent inlet closure. However, a prior knowledge of circulation and mixing processes within the estuary is crucial for the sustainability of any engineering solution. This paper attempts to provide insight into circulation and mixing characteristics of seasonally open estuaries based on the results of a field study undertaken at Wilson Inlet, a typical seasonally open estuary, in south-western Australia. Results of the study indicate that this type of estuary may have two distinct behavioural patterns, in winter and in summer. During winter, solar heating causes density stratification during daytime, and convective cooling causes overnight de-stratification; a horizontal cyclonic gyre is established during winter by the combined action of the Coriolis force and streamflow. During summer, strong sea breezes (~10 m s–1 ) cause vertical mixing during daytime, and convective cooling vertically mixes the water column at night. When the inlet is open, sea water propagates into the estuary during flooding tides unless streamflows are very high.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the meteorological structure and transport mechanism of long-range transport of air pollutants from the coastal region to the mountainous inland region using joint field observation data were investigated using a large-scale wind system.
Abstract: The meteorological structure and transport mechanism of long-range transport of air pollutants from the coastal region to the mountainous inland region were investigated using joint field observation data. The observations were conducted during 26–30 July 1983 over a wide area from the coastal region around Tokyo Bay to the mountainous region located in central Japan. Air, polluted around the Tokyo Bay area during the early morning remained there until noon, being transformed by photochemical reactions. It was then transported inland, at first by the extended sea breeze and thereafter by the large-scale wind system, toward the thermal low generated in the mountainous central region. At about 1600 Japan Standard Time (JST), polluted air penetrated into the mountainous region, and after sunset it drained down along the valley in the form of a gravity current. The path of the polluted air was in good agreement with the air trajectory started Tokyo at an altitude of 100 m, calculated from pilot-ballo...

41 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202382
2022190
2021101
202087
201978
201877