Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 1970"

Film cooling following injection through inclined circular tubes

Abstract: Film cooling effectiveness measured following air injection through discrete holes into turbulent boundary layer of air on flat plate

Exhaust emission control

Abstract: Internal combustion engine exhaust gases, passing unreacted through an exhaust gas catalytic or thermal reaction device during the warmup period of the device, are directed to an expansible container which retains the entire flow of exhaust gases or to a container of filter, adsorptive and absorptive material which retains undesirable constituents of the exhaust gases. After warmup of the reaction device, the retained gases or constituents are recirculated to the engine induction system or the reaction device. This approach supplements the emission control of the reaction device by preventing emission of undesirable exhaust gas constituents during starting of the engine and warmup of the reaction device.

Air pollution preventive system for motor vehicles

Abstract: An air-pollution preventive system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines for effectively reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases emitted from the engines during the city-road driving of the motor vehicle comprises means for recirculating the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold into the intake manifold only when the vacuum in the intake manifold is lower than a predetermined lever concurrently with the throttle valve of the carburetor being within a predetermined range of open positions. The means for recirculating the exhaust gases comprises a recirculating passage, a valve for opening and closing the passage, and a double-action cam which is both axially movable in response to intake manifold vacuum conditions and angularly displaced in response to movement of the throttle valve to open the valve.

Method and apparatus for reducing exhaust emissions and improving fuel utilization in internal combustion engines

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a stratified charge of two constituents in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when the engine is operated at less than full load to reduce all three undesirable exhaust emissions, i.e., hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. One constituent of the stratified charge comprises exhaust gas, mixed with air if desired; and the other a fuel/air mixture, having exhaust gases mixed therewith if desired, to produce reduced quantities of oxides of nitrogen. The exhaust gas portion of the exhaust gas/air mixture provided in the combustion chamber at all partial engine loads is selected from that portion of the exhaust gases which was formed by the burning of the fuel/air mixture constituent of a previous stratified charge. At relatively heavy engine loads, when all of the exhaust gases formed by the burning of the fuel/air mixture constituent of a previous stratified charge cannot be recycled, a secondary selection is made to recycle either the bulk gases thereof (high in carbon monoxide) or the quench gases thereof (high in hydrocarbons) or all of one and as much of the other as possible. The relative amounts of the fuel/air mixture and exhaust gas/air mixture making up the stratified charge may be varied in response to accelerator position by auxiliary intake and exhaust timing valves which are actuated by variable timing control mechanism, with a maximum quantity of fuel/air mixture and a minimum quantity of exhaust gas/air mixture being introduced for full engine load, and vice versa for minimum load. During deceleration the fuel/air mixture intake can be completely cut off until engine idling speed is reached when, of course, a sufficient fuel/air mixture is again supplied to keep the engine running.

Exhaust emission control system

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine having an air injection system in which exhaust system pressure pulsations are used to induce air flow through an air induction valve to the engine exhaust ports to deliver air to the stream of exhaust gases as they are emitted from the combustion chambers.

Anticipating air injection system for turbocharged engines

Abstract: An air injection system for turbocharged engines wherein air is released from a container and injected into the engine manifold in response to a signal representing a change in the magnitude of the load driven by the engine includes a valve means for isolating the turbocharger from the manifold during the time the air is injected and until the pressure in the manifold falls below the turbocharger discharge pressure during which time the turbocharger increases its speed whereby engine speed deviations are minimized.

Cool exhaust recycling

Abstract: An automobile engine recycles a fraction of its exhaust gases by means of a restricted bypass conduit connecting its fuel-air inlet conduit at the diffuser region of the customary fuel inducing venturi restriction with a source of comparatively cool exhaust gases comprising a dead-end sound attenuating chamber of the exhaust muffler. The chamber is in communication with the exhaust gases in the muffler but is out of the direct exhaust flow path, such that lead contaminants in the exhaust gases cool and solidify as minute particles that readily flow through the restricted bypass duct. The recycling exhaust gas flow is modulated by the pressure differential between the chamber and venturi restriction. A supplemental control valve responsive to the position of the engine throttle valve may be employed in the bypass conduit to close or restrict the latter when the throttle valve is at either its idle or wide open position.

Liquid-attenuated exhaust system

Abstract: Apparatus and method for injecting droplets of a liquid such as water into the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, passing the mixture of exhaust gases and liquid droplets through a muffler, removing the liquid from the exhaust gases and cooling and recirculating the liquid. The liquid droplets mixed with the exhaust gases greatly decreases the exhaust noise, cool the exhaust gases, and remove substantial quantities of solid particles.

Antipollution exhaust system for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A system for reducing the back pressure on the exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine which includes, for instance, a source of compressed air, which may be powered by the internal combustion engine, and, in particular, a unique momentum transfer pump device which utilizes the high pressure compressed air output to create a suction or lower pressure at the exhaust manifold. A diffuser may be connected at the output end of the momentum pump to further increase the efficiency of the momentum pump.

Antipollution system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: An antipollution system for internal combustion engines in which the air pollutants in the exhaust gases are completely burned to produce an exhaust gas from the engine which is substantially free of air polluting materials. An air injector is positioned in the exhaust stream to provide the necessary oxygen to burn the pollutants. The exhaust gases are fed through an air injector and combustion chamber unit which is heated by the exhaust gases and remains at a relatively high temperature while the engine is operating so as to complete the burning of all air polluting materials contained in the exhaust gases in the presences of the supplied air. The air is forced fed by any desired blower and optionally includes air extracted from the crank case in engines so equipped. The air may be preheated by contact with the exhaust manifold in one form of the invention and may be entrained with the exhaust gases before reaching the combustion chamber unit in another form of the invention.

Apparatus for removing air pollutants from the exhaust stream of a combustion process

Abstract: AN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM A COMBUSTION EXHAUST STREAM COMPRISES A CHAMBER HAVING AN INLET FOR RECEIVING THE EXHAUST STREAM LINED WITH HEAT RESISTANT MATERIAL AND SURROUNDED BY ELECTRICAL MEANS PROVIDING A HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL FIELD WITHIN THE CHAMBER THAT PRODUCES AN IGNITION PLASMA REACTION TO IONIZE THE GASES IN THE EXHAUST STREAM THAT FLOWS INTO THE CHAMBER. THE PLASMA OF IONIZED GASES WITHIN THE CHAMBER IS AT A HIGH TEMPERATURE AND FREE FROM AIR-POLLUTING COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE CONSUMED OR DISASSOCIATED. NEAR THE EXIT OF THE CHAMBER THE IONIZED GASES ARE COOLED AND RECOMBINED TO FORM HARMLESS COMPOUNDS SUCH AS THE NORMAL AIR GASES OF NITROGEN AND OXYGEN. IN AN AUTOMOBILE INSTALLATION THE HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL POWER IS PROVIDED THROUGH A CLOSED SYSTEM FROM A STANDARD BATTERY AND HEAT REMOVED FROM THE IONIZED GASES IS UTILIZED FOR AUXILIARY POWER.

Anti-pollution exhaust valve combination with fluidic control and valve cooling features

Abstract: Several embodiments showing collector arrangements disposed about exhaust valves in the cylinder head of internal combustion engines for collecting at least part of the unburned hydrocarbons from the engine exhaust. Fluidic deflection control ports are included in some embodiments to provide directional control over the flow of exhaust gases and cooling of the valves.

Internal combustion engine construction including improved fuel system

Abstract: Liquid fuel is supplied at atmospheric pressure or through a pressure regulator reducing the pressure thereon below atmospheric and then to a preheating-mixing chamber where a portion of the exhaust gases from a reciprocating piston cylinder, or warm air, or a mixture of both, is circulated around the liquid fuel preheating and vaporizing the same. A mixture of fuel and exhaust gas or warm air is then formed in the preheating-mixing chamber with portions of said gas mixture transmitted through a throttle valve to the preferably uninhibited air intake of a main intake valve and to the air intake of an antechamber opening into the cylinder. An auxiliary valve at the antechamber admits the fuel-exhaust-air gas mixture into said antechamber with ignition means igniting the same therein and through such ignition igniting the main charge of fuel-exhaust-air gas mixture from the main intake valve, the combination driving the piston of the cylinder. An electric resistance heater may be provided in the preheating-mixing chamber for vaporizing the entering liquid fuel prior to starting the engine and the initial starting of the engine may be accomplished by a fuel-air gas mixture solely within the antechamber and while the fuel-exhaust gas throttle valve to the main intake is closed.

Recirculating exhaust gas system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: A recirculating exhaust gas system for internal combustion engines includes a filter for solids, a condenser and cooler, a compressor and a secondary condenser and a liquid container, all in a closed circuit connecting the exhaust outlet of an internal combustion engine with the air and fuel inlet thereof. Solids and water are removed from the exhaust gas and the remaining gaseous products are condensed to a liquid and recycled to the engine along with new fuel and air supplies.

Low-polluting internal combustion engine wherein secondary air is utilized to prevent overheating of the exhaust manifold

Abstract: Low-polluting internal combustion engine wherein means are provided to inject secondary air in a pulsed manner to the exhaust ports of the cylinders when these ports are open to permit the ejection of exhaust gases. Particular features comprise controlling these pulses with respect to the shape of pulse, duration of pulse and timing of the pulse with the cycle of the engine. A particular feature comprises the control of the temperature in the exhaust manifold or reactor. During normal engine operation, the temperature can be maintained within the desired range by controlling the engine carburetion. Further, to protect from overheating the reactor(s) during a sustained high-power operation, an automatic leaning of the carburetor mixture by the introduction of additional atmospheric air into the intake manifold by particular mechanical means is provided.

System for purifying the exhaust gas of a two-cycle gasoline injection engine

Abstract: A system for purifying an exhaust gas of two-cycle gasoline injection engine has an automatic injection nozzle disposed relative to a cylinder displaced from the central axis of the cylinder toward the exhaust port to eject the gasoline in the direction intermediate the center of the piston crown when disposed at the bottom dead center point and the cylinder wall opposite the exhaust port and also against the scavenging gas stream flowing from the scavenging port to the cylinder head. The spray angle is selected in the range of 15* to 60*. The end of stationary injection timing is selected in the range from the bottom dead center to 30* after the bottom dead center, and its injection duration held to less than 1.5 millisecond. An injection pump completely shuts off the fuel during high speed no load operations, and the throttle valve, accelerator pedal and ignition timing means are interlocked so that the throttle valve may not close less than a predetermined opening upon light load operation to maintain the idle speed of the engine. Its ignition timing is changed in response to the opening of the accelerator less than the predetermined opening in order to reduce the concentration of exhaust hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide.

Controlled floor jet engine exhaust recirculation

Abstract: Automobile exhaust gases are recycled by means of a bypass duct which receives these gases at a restricted upstream end located within the environment of the hot gases of the exhaust system, passes in heat exchange relationship through the conventional intake manifold hotspot to facilitate heating of the latter, and discharges the hot exhaust gases in an upstream direction with respect to the inlet flow of the fuel-air mixture at a location directly below the throttle valve. The restriction of the upstream end is spaced from the hotspot to minimize heat loss to the latter, such that lead contaminants for example flow in a gaseous phase through the restriction without fouling the same. A bypass control plunger movable in response to the position of the throttle valve is insertable into the restriction to close and simultaneously clean the latter when the throttle valve moves either to its idle or wide open position.

Wet Underground Combustion, State of the Art

Abstract: From a simple theory published earlier, it was found that the air requirement in underground combustion is reduced by the injection of water together with the air. The water/air injection ratio may be advantageously chosen so high that water enters the combustion zone. A later publication introduced the countercurrent heat conduction in the combustion zone, which was disregarded in the earlier theory. This leads to higher water/air injection ratios. Recent, and still more elaborate studies involving theory, scaled model experiments and field tests are presented. These studies incorporate the further complications of heat exchange with cap and base rock by conduction and fluid segregation by gravity. They arrive at still higher water/air injection ratios. The direct thermal costs as brought on by the air consumption may in future projects be relatively low and the sweep efficiency may well be higher than in other thermal-drive processes. Under these circumstances, the possibilities of formation plugging and well damage merit a closer look. Field experience is reviewed. Guide lines are presented to select suitable reservoirs and to design a project once the properties of the oil, the formation, and the injection water have been determined. (12 refs.)

Aspirated exhaust system

Abstract: AN AIR ASPIRATING DEVICE IN THE FORM OF A TUBULAR MEMBER WHICH IS DISPOSED IN THE EXHAUST GAS PASSAGE ADJACENT THE EXHAUST VALVE AND EQUIPPED WITH A CHECK VALVE TO ASPIRATE AMBIENT AIR INTO THE EXHAUST STREAM THEREBY TO PROMOTE CONTINUING EXHAUST GAS COMBUSTION AFTER REMOVAL FROM THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. THE AIR ASPIRATING DEVICE MAY BE INSTALLED IN THE HEAD ASSEMBLY OF THE ENGINE OR IN THE EXHAUST MANIFOLD OR IN AN ADAPTOR MEMBER WHICH IS TO BE DISPOSED BETWEEN THE HEAD ASSEMBLY AND THE EXHAUST MANIFOLD.

Low-polluting internal combustion engine wherein exhaust gases are recycled in a controlled pattern

Abstract: A low-pollution internal combustion engine wherein exhaust gas is recycled by control means only when the engine is operating intermediate idle and full throttle subject to the engine not being choked. A particular feature is the introduction of the recycle exhaust gases intermediate, the point of introduction of the fuel and the flapper valve.

Ducted fan engine exhaust mixer

Abstract: A turbofan engine has an exhaust arrangement for the bypassed air and turbine exhaust gases providing for mixing of the two before a common propulsion nozzle. The turbine exhaust gas is directed to a number of circumferentially spaced exhausts, the outlets of which are inclined to the axis of the engine. A baffle extending from the end of the bypass duct into the common exhaust duct divides the bypass air into a portion inside and a portion outside of the baffle, the former mixing initially with the turbine exhaust gases and the resulting mixture then being mixed with the remainder of the bypass air. The baffle includes lobes which extend downstream and inwardly so as to obscure the outlets of the turbine exhaust from the jet nozzle, thus minimizing thermal radiation through the nozzle.

Method and apparatus for increasing output of car engine and purifying exhaust gas

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the output of an internal combustion engine characterized in that in the fuel system of the internal combustion engine consisting of an air cleaner, a carburetter and a manifold, there is provided a secondary air pipe halfway between said carburetter and manifold so as to allow intake of a suitable amount of secondary air, and a weak radioactive material (for example a natural radioactive ore) is disposed at the inlet of said air pipe so as to apply weak radiation to the air taken in through said pipe.

System for purifying an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A system for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine having an air cleaner, which system has a secondary air conduit for supplying secondary air from an air pump for combustion with the exhaust gas of the engine. An exhaust conduit means also extends from the secondary air conduit to the air cleaner for exhausting excess air, with the excess air being diffused against a buffer plated provided in the air cleaner to cool the air heated by the compression of the air pump.

Aiding auto-ignition in tar sand formation

Abstract: Control of in situ auto-ignition of heavy oil in a tar sand formation is achieved by insuring an amount of liquid water in the formation such that oxygen consumption is increased when air or oxygen is injected thereinto. Oxidation rate is increased and therefore the time required to reach auto-ignition is reduced. The method is applicable to operations such as in situ drive combustion. Water, hot water, or steam can be used. Both oil-wet and water-wet sands exhibit increased oxygen consumption over sands not containing a degree of water saturation. A water saturation of say 15 percent in a 45 percent porosity sand results in about a 21/2 times increase in O2 consumption over that of dry sand. With injected water, raising the total formation of water to about 20 percent, the temperature after 1,000 hours of air injection was 180 DEG F. whereas without water injection the temperature of the dry sand was only 96 DEG F. in an experiment applied to Asphalt Ridge tar sand.

Decontamination of internal combustion engine exhaust gases and devices for the implementation of the procedures

Abstract: Apparatus for decontamination of internal combustion engine exhaust gases by the preparation of a flammable and ignitable air-fuel mixture with a variable air ratio figure lambda by means of a throttle flap adjustment for regulating the fuel jet flow resistance, and which is adjustable such that fuel atomization is performed. This is accomplished by the fact that the airstream flowing from the air filter to the carburetor, particularly in the lower engine r.p.m. range i.e. if the throttle flap swivel range is small, is accelerated in the crescent-shaped gap between throttle flap (10) and carburetor duct wall (20), on the whole throttle flap semi-circumference facing the fuel jets, to nearly sonic or supersonic speed. Furthermore, at the throttle flap swivel range in the medium engine operating range at subsonic speed, the air stream flowing from the air filter to the carburetor is additionally accelerated by further jet effect, whereas the airstream from the air filter to the carburetor in the operating range up to full engine load is homogenized by very intensive elimination of the turbulence.

Exhaust feedback and control system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: An exhaust feedback and control system for internal combustion engines. At least one feedback pipe is connected at one end to the engine exhaust pipe and at the other end to the engine intake for diverting a fractional portion of the engine exhaust and delivering it to the combustion chamber. An air pipe is connected to the engine air pump for delivering air under pressure through at least one passage to the exhaust pipe at a location in juxtaposition with the feedback pipe for diluting the fractional portions of diverted exhaust with air. The arrangement also provides for cooling of the exhaust and for damping pressure variations in the feedback line. A muffler-filter is interposed between the exhaust pipe and tail pipe.

Device for controlling a secondary air supply in an exhaust gas purifying device

Abstract: A DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE AIR SUPPLY TO AN EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING DEVICE IN WHICH AN AIR PUMP DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE IS CONNECTED TO THE EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING DEVICE BY A FIRST CONDUIT HAVING A CHECK VALVE MEANS A SECOND CONDUIT IS CONNECTED AT ONE END TO SAID FIRST CONDUIT BETWEEN THE CHECK VALVE MEANS AND THE AIR PUMP AND AT THE OTHER END TO THE ATMOSPHERE AND THIS SECOND CONDUIT HAS A VALVE BETWEEN THE SECOND CONDUIT AND THE ATMOSPHERE WHICH ACTS IN RESPONSE TO THE SECONDARY SPEED OR VEHICLE SPEED AND THEREBY CONTROLS THE SECONDARY AIR SUPPLY TO TEH EXHAUST GAS SYSTEM IN COOPERATION WITH THE CHECK VALVE MEANS BY PROVIDING A BY-PASS TO THE CHECK VALVE AND AUXILIARY PASSAGE IS PROVIDED IN THIS VALVE FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE SECOND CONDUIT AND THE ATMOSPHERE, AND AN AUXILIARY VALVE HAVING A LARGER RESILIENT CLOSING FORCE THAN THAT OF SAID CHECK VALVE CLOSES THIS AUXILIARY PASSAGE IF THE ENGINE SPEED IS SUCH THAT THE VALVE IN THE SECOND CONDUCT IS CLOSED AND THE AIR PRESSURE FROM THE AIR PUMP EXCEEDS A PREDETERMINED AMOUNT, THE AUXILIARY VALVE IS OPENED AGAINST THE RESILIENT CLOSING FORCE TO HOLD THE PRESSURE IN THE CONDUITS AT THE PREDETERMINED VALUE