Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 1972"

Process and apparatus

Abstract: Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines are purified by catalytic treatment. The systems have an initial catalyst, preferably in a separate vessel near the engine, and a subsequently-in-line catalyst. Preferably, the catalysts are of the honeycomb-type. The exhaust gases and an excess of oxygen, with or without a supplemental fuel, are passed through the initial catalyst during the start-up of the engine to insure that the exhaust gases are purified more or less as soon as the engine begins operation. In order to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas after start-up, an excess of extraneous fuel is fed to the initial catalyst to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. The subsequently-in-line catalyst serves to reduce the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon contents of the exhaust gases.

Method and apparatus for removal of noxious components from the exhaust of internal combustion engines

Abstract: A reactor to oxidize unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide is connected to the exhaust system of the engine. A further reactor is connected to the exhaust system designed to reduce nitrogen-oxygen compounds (NOx). A temperature sensing device senses the temperature of the reactors, and air is admitted to the exhaust system of the engine to control the temperature thereof; an oxygen signal is being sensed representative of oxygen component in the exhaust system of the engine and the mass ratio of air to fuel of the mixture supplied to the engine is controlled to provide for proper air-fuel ratio with minimum noxious exhaust. The two control loops thus formed are interconnected by the internal combustion engine, the control effects of the two control loops being balanced with respect to each other.

Apparatus to control the proportion of air and fuel in the air fuel mixture of internal combustion engines

Abstract: An oxygen analyzer responsive to oxygen partial pressure and comprising an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte is exposed to the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. The sensed value is applied to a low pass filter which is interconnected in an electrical circuit to control the amount of fuel being admitted, relative to the amount of air, so that the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture can be maintained at a predetermined level. In one embodiment, the mixture is regulated to provide a minimum of unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in the exhaust, the remaining noxious exhaust gases formed primarily of nitrogen compounds being neutralized by a catalytic converter, so that the catalytic converter need have only single bed neutralizing only one substantial noxious exhaust component. Control of the amount of fuel can be obtained either by controlling the amount of fuel injected in an injection system, or controlling an additional air path. Sensing of other parameters, such as CO, temperature, and the like, may also be provided.

Method and apparatus to remove polluting components from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

Abstract: Air and fuel are applied to the inlet manifold of an internal combustion engine over a first path, the amount of air being controlled in accordance with a command input, for example to control operation of the engine. The oxygen content in the exhaust gases is measured and additional air is applied to the inlet manifold of the engine over a second path, the amount of additional air being supplied over the second path being controlled in accordance with (a) the amount of air admitted through the first path and, additionally, (b) in accordance with the measured oxygen content of the exhaust gases.

Apparatus for supplying fuel to a dual-catalyst exhaust treatment system

Abstract: A method of and a system for cleaning exhaust gases from engines of motor vehicles, wherein the exhaust gases are passed through reducing and oxidizing catalysts so that nitrogen oxides are reducing in the reducing catalyst and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are oxidized in the oxidizing catalyst. The engines are so arranged as to be operable on a relatively thin mixture which is preferably proportioned to provide an excess-air ratio of about 1.0 to 1.15 so that substantially no carbon monoxide and hydrogen are present in the exhaust gases emitted from the engine. A reducing agent such as hydrocarbons is admixed to the exhaust gases entering the reducing catalyst for removing an excess of oxides and reducing the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases while secondary air is supplied to the exhaust gases entering the oxidizing catalyst for assisting in the oxidization of the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons remaining in the exhaust gases passed through the oxidizing catalyst.

Internal combustion engine and method of operation for exhaust emission control

Abstract: A V-8 internal combustion engine with an inlet manifold disposed between the banks of cylinders and a pair of exhaust manifolds disposed outboard of the banks of cylinders has a converter unit containing reducing and oxidizing catalyst beds coupled to each exhaust manifold. During a warm-up mode, exhaust gases from both banks of cylinders pass through a heat exchange region beneath the inlet manifold and then enter the conveyor units and pass through the catalyst beds. Air injected at the exhaust ports during the warm-up mode supports oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and the hot exhaust gases promote evaporation of fuel in the inlet manifold and heat the catalyst beds. After the warm-up mode, a converter mode is entered in which exhaust gases are discharged from the exhaust manifolds directly into the converter units and pass through the catalyst beds. A reducing atmosphere provided in the first catalyst bed during the converter mode supports dissociation of oxides of nitrogen, and air injected between the catalyst beds provides an oxidizing atmosphere to support oxidization of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the second catalyst bed. At high speeds or temperatures, a reactor mode is entered in which air injected at the exhaust ports supports oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust manifolds and the exhaust gases then are discharged from the exhaust manifolds directly to the exhaust pipes to protect the catalyst beds.

System for controlling the supply of air to an internal combustion engine

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for controlling the supply of air to an internal combustion engine having a supercharging unit which includes an exhaust turbine and a compressor driven thereby, there being arranged in an exhaust line between the engine and the supercharging unit an afterburner to which is fed fresh air from the compressor of the supercharging unit and fuel supplied from a fuel pump. According to the present invention an electrically driven air pump is arranged to feed supplementary air to the afterburner, and also recirculation means are provided for returning a portion of the exhaust gases from the afterburner to the engine via the exhaust turbine. In this way the torque characteristic of the engine is improved, and also the content of contaminating solid products in the exhaust gases is reduced.

Apparatus and method for reducing harmful products of combustion

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the harmful products of combustion comprises an enclosed vessel adapted to contain a quantity of volatile liquid fuel and a means for extracting gaseous vapors from the fuel and for mixing the vapors with the combustion supporting gas for combustion in an internal combustion engine. A thermal reactor is included into which the combustion exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine are discharged. A flow limiting valve is interposed in the path of the exhaust gases from the thermal reactor for discharging a first portion of the exhaust gases to the atmosphere and returning a second portion of the exhaust gases to the thermal reactor vessel. Also provided is a valve for discharging the second portion of the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine at a temperature below the boiling range of the liquid fuel into the vessel below the surface of the liquid fuel therein and an ultrasonic generator for imparting ultrasonic energy to the exhaust gases.

Reactor assembly to reduce automotive emissions from an internal combustion engine

Abstract: The level of contaminants in exhaust gases emitted from the exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine is markedly reduced by mixing the exhaust gases with air, oxidizing carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the mixture in the area adjacent to the exhaust ports during start-up and oxidizing the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in a reactor when normal operating temperatures are reached. Flameholders are utilized in each exhaust port of the engine to speed warm-up and lower emissions. A further refinement is the recycle of cooled exhaust gases under certain operating conditions. The reactor is preferentially of the type comprising a generally annular or circular combustion chamber, with exhaust inlet means disposed to tangentially introduce the exhaust gases into the combustion chamber and also containing exhaust outlet means positioned and proportioned relative to the inlet means so that the exhaust gases leaving the reactor through the outlet means are substantially completely combusted. A further refinement is the utilization of nitrogen oxides reducing catalyst means located upstream of the reactor for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases prior to combustion thereof in the reactor.

Engine constant rate exhaust gas recirculation system

Abstract: An engine has a portion of the exhaust manifolding connected at times to the intake system for directing at times a predetermined percentage of the exhaust gases into the engine, while the remainder of the manifolding is connected to a conventional exhaust system, to maintain a constant exhaust gas recirculation rate at times, a diverter valve operable at engine wide open throttle conditions to discharge all of the exhaust gases to the exhaust system, for greater power.

Exhaust control method and apparatus

Abstract: An exhaust control method and apparatus for controlling the exhaust flow of an internal combustion engine to increase engine efficiency and power while suppressing the sound of the exhaust by both absorbing and canceling sound waves.

Device for disposal of liquid of condensation in exhaust gases

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for disposal of liquid of condensation in exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine prior to recirculation of a portion of the exhaust gases to the engine.

Exhaust gas composition control with after-burner for use with internal combustion engines

Abstract: A thermo reactor is formed as an after-burner to receive the exhaust gases and burn CO and unburned hydrocarbons; connected in series therewith, downstream, is a catalytic reactor to reduce nitrogen oxides. An oxygen sensor is exposed to the exhaust gas stream between the thermo reactor and the catalytic reactor and supplies a control signal to an amplifier which, in turn, controls one or both of the components air and fuel of the fuelair mixture to the engine in such relative proportions of mass that the exhaust sensed by the sensor is just slightly below the stoichiometric ratio of air and fuel ( lambda 1.0).

Temperature control system for catalytic converter

Abstract: A system for controlling the catalyst temperature of a catalytic converter mounted in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine within a range appropriate for eliminating nitrogen oxides contained in engine exhaust gases. The system includes an encasing structure which is disposed about an exhaust pipe upstream of the catalytic converter and which is spaced from the exhaust pipe to form a gap into which an atmospheric air is selectively admitted. The encasing structure has air inlet and outlet passages communicating with the gap and opening to the atmosphere. The flow of atmospheric air into the gap is controlled by first and second valve plates operatively disposed in the air inlet and outlet passages respectively, the first and second valve plates being controlled by a control means comprising a diaphragm unit communicating with an intake manifold of the engine, a solenoid valve for controlling the fluid communication between the diaphragm unit and the intake manifold, and a temperature sensitive switch responsive to the catalyst temperature for controlling the solenoid valve.

Exhaust gas recirculating valve

Abstract: Exhaust gas recirculating means for reducing the pollutants discharged from an internal combustion engine by regulating the flow of a portion of the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold by the use of plate valve means that precisely meters the flow of exhaust gases and/or ambient air in response to atmospheric pressure, intake manifold pressure and exhaust manifold pressure. In one form a single plate valve is provided in an improved exhaust gas recirculating valve, whereas in a second form, dual plate valves are used. Included with the ambient air and exhaust gas recirculating means is a velocity nozzle means for introducing the gases into the intake manifold and for helping to scavenge the PCV system''s crank case emissions.

Electrical fuel injection system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: An electrical fuel injection system for internal combustion engines, in which the operation of regular electromagnetic fuel injection valves is forcibly prevented so long as a starting electromagnetic fuel injection valve is in operation, whereby the engine can be started smoothly and positively without wetting the spark plug only with a readily atomizable fuel injected from the starting electromagnetic injection valve.

Method to reduce noxious components in the exhaust of internal combustion engines

Abstract: The ratio of fuel to air of the air-fuel mixture being applied to internal combustion engines is adjusted such that it is below the stoichiometric value; the composition of the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine is then sensed before they are discharged in the atmosphere, and additional air is introduced to the exhaust gases before their liberation so that a predetermined optimal relationship with respect to the stoichiometric value is obtained

Engine exhaust recirculation apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the recirculation of exhaust gases from an automobile''s engine at a constant volume comprising a flow control valve in a passage for recirculating part of the engine exhaust gases into the engine''s intake system

Exhaust system for a two-cycle engine

Abstract: An exhaust system for a two-cycle engine having at least one working chamber with an exhaust port fashioned into the working chamber. The exhaust system includes a tubular member connected to the exhaust port for handling exhaust gases from the engine. The tubular member is constructed with an initial expansion section for providing an escape for gases during an initial scavenging phase of the chamber, a generally U-shaped section of generally constant cross-sectional area which bends the exhaust gases following the expansion phase, and a contraction section suitable to generate and reflect a positive pressure wave back to the exhaust port just prior to closing the exhaust port to retain combustible fluid within the working chamber during the final scavenging phase. A chamber completely encompasses the expansion section, U-shaped section and contraction section of the tubular member. An exhaust release port is fashioned into the tubular member to permit exhaust gases to enter the surrounding chamber. Noise producing fluid pulsations within the exhaust gases are attenuated within the closed chamber by being baffled over the exterior surface of the expansion section, U-shaped section and contraction section of the tubular member. The attenuated exhaust gases are then directed to the atmosphere through an exhaust conduit.

Vehicle internal combustion engine air intake heating means

Abstract: A system wherein a first heating means directs heated air to the air filter of a vehicle internal combustion engine when the temperature of one portion of said vehicle internal combustion engine is below a predetermined amount. A second heating means consisting of a shroud is provided and is connected to the air filter. Air entering the shroud is heated by the exhaust manifold and a temperature responsive means increases the amount of air directed to the air filter from the shroud as the operating temperature of the engine increases.

Exhaust gas purifying device for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying device disposed in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine which device has an inner shell forming a reaction chamber for reburning the exhaust gas and an outer shell surrounding the space outside of the inner shell. An air pump driven by the engine cools the inner and outer shells by introducing cooling air into the space between the shells through an engine parameter controlled valve.

Method and apparatus for reducing toxic compounds in exhaust gases from internal combustion engine

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing noxious and harmful compounds contained in exhaust emitted from a gasoline powered internal combustion engine. The method comprising the steps of detecting the temperature of an exhaust gas treating device provided in the engine or the temperature of the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust gas treating device, and controlling the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be supplied to the engine in accordance with the variations in the temperature of the exhaust gas treating device or the temperature of the exhaust gases therein so as to maintain the exhaust gas treating device at its optimum performance efficiency. In one preferred embodiment, the apparatus is arranged to utilize a choke valve disposed in a carburetor of the engine for controlling the airfuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture to be supplied to the engine in accordance with the variations in the temperature of the exhaust gas treating device or the temperature of the exhaust gases therein. In another preferred embodiment, the appratus is arranged to utilize a power valve assembly provided in the carburetor of the engine for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture to be supplied to the engine in dependence on the variations in the temperature of the exhaust gas treating device or the temperature of the exhaust gases therein.

Pollution-free incineration system

Abstract: An incinerator has a first combustion chamber which receives the waste to be incinerated. An ignition-burner is provided in the first chamber to ignite the waste; the burner automatically turns off at waste incineration temperature. Burning of the refuse is accomplished in three zones, each zone being provided with proper temperature and a supply of regulated air at low velocity by means of natural aspiration, controlled by thermal feedback wherein the changing of the refuse fire changes the heat and vacuum applied to a conduit and orifice system of fire air injection resulting in automatic combustion control. A second combustion chamber is spaced above and communicates with the first chamber. Separators are provided in each chamber for separating partially burned particles from the fully burned combustion gases and preventing the particles from rising beyond the respective separators. An after-burner is arranged to project a substantially horizontal flame into the second combustion chamber; the flame produced by the after-burner substantially filling the cylindrical second chamber and reducing any microscopic particles or unburned gases which have passed through the separators. The second chamber passes fully reduced combustion gas to the stack at a temperature of 2,000* Fahrenheit.

Exhaust combustion system

Abstract: DEVICES DISCLOSED FOR INCLUSION IN THE EXHAUST SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE TO ACHIEVE A MORE COMPLETE COMBYSTION OF THE EXHAUST GASES PRIOR TO ADMITTING THEM TO THE ATMOSPHERE. THE DEVICE INCLUDES AN INLET VENTURI WHICH RECEIVES THE EXHAUST GASES FROM A VEHICLE''S ENGINE AND ALSO DRAWS IN FRESH AIR FOR MIXING WITH THE EXHAUST GASES. THE DEVICE INCLUDES AN INNER LABYRINTH-CHAMBER DEFINING MEMBER AND AN OUTER SHELL SEPARATED BY A CORRUGATED STEEL SPACER. ATMOSPHERIC AIR IS FORCED THROUGH THE SPACE BETWEEN THE OUTER SHELL AND THE LABYRINTH BY THE MOTION OF THE VEHICLE FOR COOLING. THE LABYRINTH DEFINES A SERIES OF INTERCONNECTED CHAMBERS OF INCREASING CROSS SECTIONAL AREA, THE FIRST OF WHICH EXTENDS LONGITUDINALLY OF THE DEVICE AND PASSES THE EXHAUST GASES MIXED WITH FRESH AIR ADJACENT A SPARK PLUG WHICH PERIODICALLY INGINITE THE PASSING MIXTURE. A SECOND CHAMBER PASSES THE IGNITED GASES IN COUNTER CURRENT WITH RESPECT TO THE FIRST CHAMBER AND INTO A THIRD EXPANDING CHAMBER IN WHICH THE DIRECTION OF FLOW IS AGAIN REVERSED. THE COOLING AIR ENCOMPASSING THE LABYRINTH MIXES WITH THE FINAL EXHAUST GAS FROM THE THIRD EXPASION CHAMBER WHICH PASSES THROUGH A FLAME SCREEN.

Control and Reduction of Aircraft Turbine Engine Exhaust Emissions

Abstract: The aircraft turbine engine exhaust emissions in the category of air pollutants, that are generated to some degree, consist of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned or partially oxidized hydrocarbons (H/C’s), carbon particulates as soot or smoke, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx). The primary concern associated with these emissions is their possible impact on the environments of major airport localities, where the exhaust emissions resulting from high volumes of localized aircraft operations may tend to be concentrated.

Recirculation type exhaust gas cleaning system

Abstract: Recirculation type exhaust gas cleaning system comprising a turbine driven by the output air of an air pump and adapted to drive a blower for directing a part of the exhaust gas into an air cleaner or a carburetor provided in an engine intake system, whereby the maximum temperature in the engine cylinder is reduced and therefore the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas can be decreased.

Gas exhaust valve.

Abstract: Anaesthesia's timely editorial (27, 1 (1972) ) on the deleterious effects of pollution by anaesthetic gases within the operating theatre stresses the need for some simple device whereby all expired vapours can be ducted to the exterior. The apparatus described here has been designed for this purpose and has been in constant use for the last nine months. Figure 1 shows that it is essentially a simple, spring-loaded non-adjustable fhp valve to which has been added an adjustable tapered vent which controls the volume of exhaust gases passing the valve. The unit is switched into or out of use by a simple lever movement thus enabling the anaesthetist to close the circuit easily and quickly without having to alter the tapered vent. The valve is a spring-loaded Teflon flap valve and the re-

Air flow control unit

Abstract: In a system for delivering air from an air pump to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, an air flow control unit has pressure relief and anti-backfire valves which divert some or all of the air flow away from the exhaust system and instead discharge it directly to the atmosphere. An annular silencing chamber is integrated within the air flow control unit housing and is provided with a needled polyester fiber felt to silence the noise of the diverted air flow.

Process and apparatus for transporting mined deposits from the sea floor

Abstract: Air is withdrawn from an air lift hydraulic pipe to control turbulence and velocity of flow through the pipe. The air is withdrawn at a location substantially above the air injection station where the expanding air causes excessively high velocity and turbulence which cause nodule breakage and wear of the pipe. In one embodiment a sleeve valve is used to selectively open perforations communicating with the interior of the pipe. The body of the valve can be connected to a vacuum source at the surface to increase the amount of air removed from the pipe. In a second embodiment a perforated member is located within the pipe and flow of air to the outside of the pipe is controlled by valves. The valves also permit selectively connecting the perforated member to a vacuum source at the surface. Hydraulic control arrangements permit regulating the valves from the surface vessel to control the rate of removal of air or gas from the pipe.