Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 1986"

Engine retarding method and apparatus

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for the compres­sion release retarding of a multi-cylinder four cycle internal combusion engine, the process providing a compres­sion release event and a bleeder event or a second compression release event for each engine cylinder during each complete engine cycle while employing only one intake valve opening per engine cycle. In one embodiment, the normal motion of the exhaust valve is disabled and replaced with an opening of the exhaust valve at about the top dead center position of the engine piston following the compression stroke; maintaining the exhaust valve in the open position during the expansion stroke; partially closing the exhaust valve during the exhaust stroke; and fully closing the exhaust valve during the intake stroke. In another embodiment, the normal intake valve opening is delayed and the normal motion of the exhaust valve is dis­abled and replaced with an opening of the exhaust valve at about the top dead center position of the engine piston following the compression stroke; maintaining the exhaust valve in the open position during the expansion stroke; closing the exhaust valve at the end of the expansion stroke; and opening the exhaust valve briefly at about the next top dead center position of the engine piston. The apparatus includes hydraulic and mechanical means to disable and/or modify the movements of the exhaust and intake valves during the braking mode of the apparatus which includes hydraulic, mechanical and electrical means to manipulate the exhaust and intake valves as required to perform the process and operate the apparatus.

Exhaust gas cleaning system for vehicle

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided in its exhaust system with a particulate filter for trapping combustible particulates contained in exhaust gas. A combustion promoting material injection device is provided for injecting a material for promoting combustion of the combustible particulates into the exhaust system upstream of the particulate filter. Further there are provided a bypass exhaust passage which bypasses the combustion promoting material injection device and the particulate filter, and a flow control valve which controls the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the bypass exhaust passage to control the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter when said combustion promoting material is to be injected from the injecting device. When the combustion promoting material is injected, the flow control valve controls the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter so that the combustion promoting material can uniformly adhere to the surface of the combustible particulates over the entire area thereof and so that the combustion temperature of the combustible particulates is prevented from rising abnormally high.

Industrial exhaust ventilation system.

Abstract: An industrial exhaust ventilation system enabling access to exhaust generating processes while containing and controlling the resultant exhausted gases is provided. A cover assembly is attached to the structure generating the exhaust gases and is provided with a reciprocating cover having an open and closed position. The exhaust generating process is accessible only when the cover is open. A conventional exhaust system is also provided to maintain the low level of air circulation necessary to convey the generated exhaust to a treatment facility. The ventilation system is optionally provided with a workload enclosure that travels to selected process structures and forms a fume containment region by interengaging with the cover assembly located thereon.

Internal combustion engines and methods of operation

Abstract: An improved internal combustion engine apparatus and method of operation designed to achieve high efficiencies over a range of operating conditions includes the monitoring of the exhaust gas temperature (56) and air-fuel ratio (32, 34) on a continuing basis such as by a microcomputer (58). The exhaust gas temperature is compared to a stored value and compression of the input air is varied to cause the exhaust gas temperature to equal the stored value. By minimizing the exhaust gas temperature increased engine efficiency can be realized. The invention may be embodied in a variety of engine configurations, including piston and turbine systems.

Oil remover from exhaust gas of marine propulsion unit

Abstract: A number of embodiments of treating the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine with a catalyzer so as to render lubricant in the exhaust gases in a non-polluting form. A number of embodiments applying this principle to marine propulsion units are illustrated and described which include outboard motors and inboards. In each embodiment, the catalyst is position so that the exhaust gases will impinge upon it but need not flow through it for their discharge to the atmosphere. In addition, the exhaust system is designed in such a way that the catalyst may be removed and replaced simply by the use of a removable wall section of the exhaust system.

Induction system with E.G.R.

Abstract: An induction system for a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine that employs a pair of plenum chambers with a common air inlet. An exhaust gas recirculation system is provided for distributing exhaust gases equally to the chambers of the engine by re-introducing the exhaust gases to the common air inlet. In a similar manner, a crankcase ventilating system is provided wherein the crankcase gases are delivered to the common air inlet for equal distribution of the chambers.

Exhaust silencer device for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust silencer device for an internal combustion engine, for placement in the exhaust pipe of the engine The device according to the invention comprises a damper plate disposed in the exhaust pipe and pivotably about a shaft substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust pipe between a closed position, in which the damper plate covers the major portion of the exhaust pipe flow area, and an open position, in which it permits substantially free flow through the exhaust pipe An operating device is arranged to actuate the damper plate to adjust its position dependent on the exhaust flow through the exhaust pipe

Process and apparatus for the reduction of nitrogen oxides

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in oxygen-containing exhaust gases is described as well as an apparatus for carrying out this process which is preferably used in a device for purifying the combustion exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. In order to avoid the use of ammonia, which is hazardous from the health aspect, in the reduction of nitrogen oxides from oxygen-containing exhaust gases, the nitrogen oxides are to be converted in the presence of hydrocarbons on a zeolite-containing catalyst. In this manner, even the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operated with an air excess can be treated by passing these exhaust gases over such zeolite catalysts (5).

Electromagnetic fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of intake valves

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine having a valve body with a single fuel injection hole and a plurality of injected fuel paths. A meeting portion of the injected fuel paths is provided downstream of the fuel injection hole and upstream of the injected fuel paths. A wall of the meeting portion is formed to have an inner transverse dimension not smaller than a total corresponding transverse dimension of walls of the injected fuel paths. An injected fuel dividing portion provided below the fuel injection hole has an upwardly facing sharp edge. These structures enable a smooth flow and a smooth division of the injected fuel. Desirably, a length (L) of the injected fuel paths, an equivalent diameter (Di) of the injected fuel path, a diameter (d) of the fuel injection hole and a number (n) of the injected fuel paths have the following relationships: 30≧n(Di/d).sup.2 ≧20 3≧L/Di≧1 Also desirably, an angle made in a bottom surface of the meeting portion is set not larger than twice the angle, with respect to the horizontal, at which the fuel injection valve is mounted on the internal combustion engine.

Diesel particulate traps

Abstract: A bypass blower provides air for combustion and scavenging purposes to a two-stroke diesel engine having an exhaust port from which an exhaust conduit ducts exhaust materials through a particulate trap and then to the atmosphere. An air atomizing nozzle is provided for introducing atomized supplemental fuel into the exhaust conduit upstream of the trap and a supply of supplemental fuel and compressed air is provided. A microprocessor-based control unit is adapted to operate the bypass blower under a condition of reduced bypass during normal operation of the engine. However, when backpressure in an exhaust conduit rises to a predetermined level due to particulate build-up, the bypass blower setting is changed to increase the amount of bypass of scavenging air in order to reduce the trapped air/fuel ratio and raise the temperature of the exhaust materials. Compressed air and supplemental fuel are then delivered to the nozzle to promote burning of the exhaust materials and regeneration of the respective trap. When either the backpressure in the exhaust conduit falls or the temperature of the trap rises, the engine is returned to normal operation. In one variation, the diesel engine does include a bypass blower, but the trap regeneration temperature is lowered by operating the engine on fuel having an additive which includes one or both of manganese and copper. In a simplified version, only the bypass blower is provided, and this is operated as described above to increase the temperature of the exhaust materials when particlate build-up is detected through increased backpressure, thus initiating regeneration of the trap.

Exhaust gas recirculation valve having integral electronic control

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculating valve with vacuum motor actuator is integrally combined with an electronic control system having a valve position sensor and an electrically controlled pilot valve for the vacuum motor. The electronic control system responds directly to an externally generated low power voltage signal so that the voltage signal and the valve position are related in a monotonic manner. A signal circuit indicates when the exhaust gas recirculating valve is under command of the externally generated low power voltage signal.

Air intake side secondary air supply system for an internal combustion engine with a duty ratio control operation

Abstract: An air intake side secondary air supply system for an internal combustion engine having an air intake system using a carburetor and an air intake side secondary air supply passage leading to the downstream of the carburetor, includes an oxygen concentration sensor producing an output signal whose level is substantially proportional to an oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. A control means for controlling a duty ratio of opening and closing of an open/close valve disposed in the air intake side secondary air supply passage in accordance with a result of comparison between the level of the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor and a level corresponding to a target air-fuel ratio. The target air-fuel ratio is up-dated in response to at least two parameters indicative of the engine operation.

Device and process for separating soot or other impurities from the exhaust gases of an internal-combustion engine

Abstract: A device and method for separating soot or other impurities from the exhaust gases of an internal-combustion engine, particularly a diesel internal-combustion engine, comprises a microwave source that is coupled to the intermediate section of the exhaust pipe that is constructed for the development of an electromagnetic field, an effective burning of the soot with a low flow resistance, the intermediate section being developed as a cavity resonator and at its exhaust gas inlet and exhaust gas outlet, is equipped with a metal grid, and an insert made of a dielectric material in the cavity resonator concentrates the exhaust gas flow in the area of high energy density of the electromagnetic field.

Outboard motor with turbo-charger

Abstract: Several embodiments of turbo-charged two cycle internal combustion engines utilized in combination with an outboard motor. In each embodiment, the exhaust system for the engine includes devices for insuring that sufficient backpressure is exerted at the exhaust port of one cylinder during the overlap period when its scavenge passages and exhaust ports are both open so as to preclude the discharge of fresh fuel/air mixture to the atmosphere without adversely affecting the turbo-charger performance. In some embodiments of the invention, a valve arrangement is controlled for controlling the proportion of the exhaust gases that flow across the turbo-charger so that at some running conditions, the turbo-charger receives all of the exhaust gases. In all embodiments, an expansion chamber device is incorporated in the drive shaft housing of the outboard motor and in some embodiments, the turbo-charger turbine inlet receives its gases from this expansion chamber.

A Laboratory Investigation of Sweep During Oxygen and Air Fireflooding

Abstract: An experimental investigation of volumetric sweep during fireflooding was conducted in three-dimensional (3D) scaled models. The effect of oxygen vs. air injection, water/oxygen ratios, injection rates, and crude-oil parameters on sweep efficiency and performance of the fireflood were evaluated. Results indicate that the sweep of a fireflood was similar for both oxygen and air combustion; water injection resulted in a small decrease in the sweep of the fireflood; wet combustion required less oxygen or air and increased the oil recovery and recovery rate; fireflooding a medium-gravity crude-oil reservoir resulted in a larger sweep than a heavy-oil reservoir; and (within the limited range of this study) higher injection rates improved the sweep efficiency.

Diesel particulate traps

Abstract: A particulate trap system used with a diesel engine has an exhaust conduit ducting exhaust materials through an exhaust cooler, then through a particulate trap, and then to the atmosphere. A by-pass conduit is connected in parallel with the exhaust cooler, and valves are located in the exhaust conduit and the by-pass conduit. A microprocessor-based control unit is arranged to allow normal operation with the exhaust materials passing through the cooler. However, when backpressure in the exhaust conduit reaches a predetermined level due to particulate build-up in the trap, the valves are gradually reversed, so that non-cooled exhaust materials arrive at the trap, thus regenerating it due to combustion.

Experimental study of active suppression due to gas bubbles for earthquake-induced sloshing in liquid tanks.

Abstract: This research aimed to develop a technique to suppress a liquid sloshing vibration in a tank by injecting air bubbles in a microcomputer controlled manner. Using a rectangular tank 800 mm long, 150 mm wide, and 500 mm high, installed on an oil-hydraulic controlled shaking table, sloshing was excited by sinusoidal motion of the table and air was injected at each corner of the test tank. The timing and duration of air injection were controlled by a microcomputer using pressure signal caused by sloshing. Experiments showed that the most effective timing of air injection was at the instance when the sloshing wave was ascending form the lowest position to the equibrium one, and a small amount of air, equivalent to 1 to 3 % of water contained in the tank, was sufficient to suppress the sloshing. A scale-up test showed similar effectiveness on reducing sloshing. An argorithm for controlling air injection timing and duration was developed using knowledge obtained from the experiments.

Motor for watercrafts

Abstract: Two embodiments of small watercraft incorporating an improved exhaust system for handling the exhaust gases from the engine. In each embodiment, at least one expansion chamber is provided for silencing and cooling the exhaust gases and exhaust gases are delivered from the engine exhaust port to the expansion chamber through a horizontally extending exhaust conduit that has its outlet opening communicating with the expansion chamber at a position spaced substantial distances from the vertically extending side and end walls of the expansion chamber for precluding the likelihood of entry of water into the engine cylinders through the exhaust system. In one embodiment, two such expansion chambers are employed.

Apparatus for controlling fuel injection timing of a fuel injection pump

Abstract: In a fuel injection timing control apparatus for controlling the injection advance angle of fuel injected from a fuel injection pump having a solenoid valve which is opened/closed by a driving pulse for controlling the fuel injection, the apparatus has a detector for detecting a delay time of fuel injection due to the delay time of the solenoid valve, and the delay time of fuel injection is converted into the angle of a driving shaft of the pump corresponding to the delay time. A target advance angle according to the operating condition of an associated internal combustion engine is calculated and the output timing of the driving pulse is set by taking account of the angle corresponding to the delay time of fuel injection, whereby the target advance angle can be obtained in response to the driving pulse.

Exhauster for engine

Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve the durability and efficiency of an engine, by advancing the open time of a second exhaust port with respect to the open time of a first exhaust port and disabling a stop means under high rotation and heavy load. CONSTITUTION: Under high rotation and heavy load operation of an engine E, the pulsating high pressure exhaust gas being produced during blowdown bypasses a turbine 12c and then discharged through a second exhaust port 4, second branch exhaust path 15 and second exhaust path 17. In order to prevent increase of the exhaust pressure and to smooth the fluctuation of exhaust pressure caused by blowdown gas, a second exhaust valve 3 is arranged to function. The open-valve timing of the second exhaust valve 3 is set to the quicker than that of a first exhaust valve 1. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Exhaust gas recycling system for an exhaust gas turbocharged engine

Abstract: The invention relates to a super-charged fuel-injected internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas driven turbocharger and exhaust gas recycling. To increase the volume of recycled exhaust gases by means of an increase in the pressure drop between the pressure in the exhaust gas line upstream of the turbine and the pressure in the engine charging air line downstream of the compressor, a pressure control valve is provided in either the exhaust line downstream of the turbine or at the compressed air line of a bypass line bridging the compressor.

Exhaust gas recirculation control system for an engine

Abstract: In an exhaust gas recirculation control system for an internal combustion engine, intake air at the same pressure as that of a mixed gas flowing in an intake duct 2 and free from the exhaust gas is introduced to a reference air chamber 5 of an oxygen sensor 4. Any detecting errors due to a pressure difference between the mixed gas in the intake duct and the reference gas in the air chamber are thus eliminated.

Exhaust back pressure reducer

Abstract: An exhaust back pressure reducer for use with an air deflector on top of the cab of a tractor for deflecting air over the tractor as the tractor pulls the trailer over the road. The back pressure reducer generally comprises a device at the top of the air deflector on the cab for aspirating exhaust gas from the engine exhaust system to reduce the exhaust back pressure on the engine. The aspirating device is positioned for flow therepast of air relative to the air deflector as the tractor travels forward and ported for suctioning gas therefrom by the air flowing therepast. The exhaust back pressure reducer further includes a connection between the engine exhaust system and the aspirating device for aspiration of exhaust gas from the exhaust system as the tractor travels forward over the road with attendant relative flow of air up and back over the air deflector and the aspirating device on top of the cab.

Engine energy recovery apparatus

Abstract: An engine energy recovery apparatus is described including an exhaust turbine and a generator provided in the exhaust pipe of an engine. Temperature sensors are provided for sensing exhaust temperature at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust turbine, as well as a speed sensor for sensing the rotational speed of the exhaust turbine. The efficiency of the exhaust turbine is computed based on signals from these sensors, and the load on the generator is adjusted so that the exhaust turbine will run at maximum efficiency at all times.

Vehicle anti-pollution exhaust device

Abstract: An exhaust filter for internal combustion engines enabling the gradual filtration of the exhaust gas to minimize pressure drop through the filter is provided. A second exhaust gas passageway within the filter gradually receives the exhaust gas from the first and primary exhaust gas passageway, and after filtration, the diverted exhaust gas gradually is returned to the primary passageway for discharge from the exhaust filter.

Process for measuring the oxygen content in the exhaust of internal-combustion engines

Abstract: In this method, the oxygen content in the exhaust is measured relative to the oxygen content of the air by means of a lambda probe (7). To eliminate the influence of pressure variations in the exhaust system (3) of the internal-combustion engine (1) on the measurement, according to the invention an amount of exhaust sample is taken from the exhaust system (3) and not fed to the air pressure of the lambda probe (7) until it has been expanded.

Automotive-engine fuel supply system

Abstract: A fuel supply system controls the amount of fuel to form a stoichiometric combustible mixture during a normal operating condition of the engine. The mixture is enriched during a transient condition to lower the exhaust gas temperature and to reduce the heat load on the exhaust system. Fuel enrichment is delayed for a delay time which varies depending on the time interval between successive acceleration cycles, to minimize fuel consumption while avoiding overheating of the exhaust system.

High temperature solid electrolyte type fuel cell

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the plant efficiency and reduce the necessary space for the plant, by incorporating at least one each of individual appliances in a module, as well as reducing the loss of radiating heat capacity from the whole module. CONSTITUTION:A fuel is led into a module 1, given a preheating and a reform reaction at a fuel reformer 6 with a high temperature atmosphere, and led through the first linking pipe 32 to each stack 2. On the other hand, the air enters in the module 1, and after heated at an air preheater 4 while recovering the exhaust heat of a stack exhaust gas, enters to the each stack 2 through a linking pipe 31. The exhaust gas after the reaction and the combustion in the stack enters an exhaust gas flue 5 through a linking pipe 33, and after carrying out several kinds of heat exchanges to recover the exhaust heat, it is exhausted from the exhaust gas outlet 5a of the module. Furthermore, a steam generator 7 is incorporated in the module 1 to recover the exhaust heat effectively.

Connecting line between a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger flangedly connected at an exhaust gas manifold of an internal combustion engine and a suction pipe

Abstract: A connecting line between a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger flangedly connected at the exhaust gas manifold of an internal combustion engine and a suction pipe which consists of a first line part secured at the suction pipe and of a second line part which is coupled with the exhaust gas turbocharger by way of plug-in coupling sections and with the first line part by way of a line bridge fixed at the engine and provided with plug-in coupling sections. The line bridge encloses a mixing space between its coupling sections, in which exhaust gases controlled by an exhaust gas valve are fed to the through-flowing charging air.

Air intake side secondary air supply system for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: Air intake side secondary air supply system for an internal combustion engine includes first and second secondary air supply passages leading to an intake manifold in which an open/close valve and an air control valve are respectively provided for a proportional control and an integral control of secondary air. In order to improve a driveability of the engine during a transition period from a feedback control mode to an open loop control mode, pressure control device for controlling a supply of first and second control pressures respectively for opening and closing the air control valve is constructed to rapidly supply the second control pressure when a state of engine operation in which the feedback control mode is to be stopped is detected.