Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 1988"

Annular combustor with tangential cooling air injection

Abstract: The combustion dynamics and efficiency of a gas tubine having an annular combustor (26) provided with fuel injection nozzles (50) that inject fuel generally tangentially is improved by providing the walls (32, 34, 39) of the combustor (26) with cooling air film injectors (70, 86; 72, 88; 74, 90) at substantially equally angularly spaced locations about each such wall and which are oriented to generally tangentially inject a film-like air stream on the associated wall (32, 34, 39).

Engine exhaust control system and method

Abstract: An exhaust control system for assisting in discharging exhaust gases to control exhaust noise and increase engine performance by reducing back-pressure and lower piston exhaust resistance, and rapidly lowering the temperature of exhaust gases in internal combustion engines and of superheated gases or fluids in other thermodynamic processes through a uniquely short transit distance. The system is comprised of a housing having a aerodynamically designed air intake section, a dual section rotary hollow blade assembly, and an exhaust section. The intake section has a ball mouth designed to accelerate intake air into the dual section rotary blade assembly receiving exhaust gases or superheated steam or fluids. The accelerated air and rotary blade draw exhaust gases from the engine exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine and expel them through an exhaust section. The rotary hollow blades are driven by a belt driven pulley and shaft extending outside the intake section.

Snow and ice melting system for automotive vehicles

Abstract: A system for utilizing the waste heat from the exhaust systems of automotive vehicles to provide for increased traction of the drive wheels of such vehicles wherein the exhaust gases and/or air passing in heat exchange relationship with the exhaust gases pass through a blower unit and through conduits which direct the heated gases to areas proximate to the vehicle drive wheels.

Protecting device for a plastic fuel tank of a motor vehicle

Abstract: A flame cutoff plate is disposed between an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas system of an engine and a side wall of the fuel tank, an inside of which becomes free of fuel earlier than other portions of the fuel tank so as to prevent heat transfer from the exhaust pipe to a portion of the tank which has its inside free of fuel when a fire breaks out in the exhaust pipe as a result of overheating or breaking on a rough road.

Two stroke cycle internal combustion engines

Abstract: A two stroke cycle engine 10 with an exhaust gas treatment catalyst. Separate reducing and oxidizing catalyst portions 126 and 127 are provided to treat different portions of the exhaust gas exhausted during each exhaust period. The portion of the exhaust gas high in NOx, usually that first exhausted upon initial opening of the exhaust port, is directed to be treated by the reducing catalyst 126 and the remainder of the exhaust gas is directed to be treated by the oxidizing catalyst 127.

Process and apparatus for the cleaning of a soot filter

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning of a soot filter in the exhaust line of a diesel engine with a combustion chamber placed in front of the soot filter where a fuel nozzle and an adapted electrical ignition mechanism is built in thereby enabling an after burning of the exhaust without secondary air. The exhaust in the combustion-chamber is mixed with the fuel, which is injected through the fuel nozzle, and ignited by an ignition-device with the existing portion of the unburned oxygen. The hot exhaust effects the burn down of the accumulated soot in the soot filter.

Two-stroke internal combustion engine with cylinder head valves

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head 14 having combustion chambers 18 with two intake valves 24 and two exhaust valves 26 arranged therein. Two intake manifolds 30 and 32, respectively, have branch pipes connected to each respective intake port 24. An intake control valve 48 l is arranged in one of the manifold 32, which closes at idling and under a low load of the engine. Further, a swirl S is generated about an axis of the combustion chamber 18 by a portion of exhaust gas caused to flow back from the exhaust ports 22 into the combustion chamber 18 after being once exhausted through the exhaust ports when the exhaust valves are opened, resulting in a two layered stratification in the combustion chamber between fresh air and remaining exhaust gas. A supply of fuel causees a further three layered stratification among a fuel mixture, fresh air, and burned gas, by supplying fuel at alternating cycles of the engine when the engine is under a low load.

Exhaust gas emission control device for diesel engine

Abstract: An exhaust gas emission control device comprising a filter provided in the exhaust passage, a heater provided near the filter, first and second passage bypassing the filter and the heater, a single first valve upstream of the filter a single second valve downstream of the filter, and a controller controlling the first and the second valve. When trapping particles, one of or both of the first and second valves closes the first and second passages, and the first and second valves open the exhaust passage, whereby exhaust gas flows through the filter and the heater. On the other hand, when regenerating the filter, the heater is switched ON, the first valve shuts the exhaust passage and the second valve is open to a predetermined degree, so that exhaust gas flows into the first passage, and a part of the exhaust gas flowing via the first passage flows through the heater, the filter, and the second passage.

Aircraft exhaust valves

Abstract: A spark-ignited internal combustion engine exhaust valve having on critical surfaces thereof, e.g. on the stem where exhaust gases impinge, an aluminide from the group of nickel and titanium aluminides.

Nozzle system for engines

Abstract: A nozzle assembly having a premix chamber is provided for the injection ofremixed fuel and air or other gas into a diesel ingine cylinder Air, or other gas, is supplied continuously to the premix chamber through a port connected to a high pressure reservoir Fuel is delivered into the premix chamber through a typical poppet injection nozzle The passage orientation into the premix chamber and the magnitude of the fuel and air pressure determine the mixing level By pressure of the air, the compressed fuel-air mixture is injected, into the diesel engine cylinder To remove fuel remaining in the injection cavity and injection orifices, an air injection follows the fuel-air mixture injection After the air injection, the fuel for the next cycle is promptly injected into the premix chamber to allow about 700 crank angle degrees for premixing with air and vaporization in the operation of a four stroke engine

Injection system for a dual-fuel engine

Abstract: An injection system for a dual-fuel diesel engine operated by means of a main fuel having a low cetane number and an auxiliary fuel having a high cetane number is disclosed. The injection system includes a pressure regulating check valve provided in parallel to a delivery valve in a main fuel injection pump and allowing fuel flow only in a direction opposite to that in the delivery valve. A control valve feeds the auxiliary fuel pressurized by a fuel feed pump to a fuel injection valve at an appropriate feed rate and at appropriate fuel feed timing regulated by a control device. A check valve is provided in the proximity of a fuel reservoir of the fuel injection valve in a flow passageway of the auxiliary fuel.

Exhaust gas treatment for a two stroke engine

Abstract: A two stroke cycle engine (110) with an exhaust gas treatment catalyst. Separate reducing and oxidising catalyst portions (126) and (127) are provided to treat different portions of the exhaust gas exhausted during each exhaust period. The portion of the exhaust gas high in NOx, usually that first exhausted upon initial opening of the exhaust port (115), is directed to be treated by the reducing catalyst (126) and the remainder of the exhaust gas is directed to be treated by the oxidising catalyst (127). The invention is applicable to both spark ignition and compression ignition engines.

Exhaust system for marine engine

Abstract: An exhaust system for a marine propulsion unit having an exhaust conduit into which the exhaust gases and engine coolant are discharged. The exhaust conduit has a separator portion that is affected to separate the coolant from the exhust gases under high speed running conditions so as to achieve maximum power output through a reduction in back pressure but no substantially no separation is provided at low speeds so that silencing will not be adversely affected.

Automotive exhaust system with resin muffler associated with exhaust gas cooling system

Abstract: An exhaust system employs an exhaust gas temperature controlling system associated with a muffler (10) made of a resin so as to avoid influence of heat of exhaust gas, which otherwise causes shortening of life of the resin muffler (10). The exhaust gas temperature controlling system comprises a heat converting means (11) provided at a location upstream of the muffler (10) for controlling exhaust gas temperature below a predetermined temperature.

Rotary exhaust control valve for two-stroke cycle engines and process for using the same

Abstract: A rotary exhaust control valve for two-stroke cycle engines is disclosed. This valve is oriented at least partially within the exhaust passage and, for each revolution of the engine, delays flow from the combustion chamber through the exhaust passage during the expansion stroke of the piston while permitting full opening of the exhaust passage and blow down to initiate the scavenging cycle of the engine. The valve of the present invention permits complete opening and closing of the exhaust passage during the appropriate portions of the engine cycle. Also disclosed is a mechanical linkage mechanism between the rotary valve and the crankshaft to provide precise control of the exhaust valve throughout the engine cycle.

Automobile exhaust gas recirculating system

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculating system for a combustion engine has at least one cylinder communicating with a source of combustible air-fuel mixture through at least one intake port adapted to be selectively closed and opened for effecting the interruption and admission of the supply of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber, the cylinder also communicating with an exhaust system through first and second exhaust ports both adapted to be selectively opened and closed. The exhaust gas recirculating system includes an intake valve for selectively opening and closing the intake port, first and second exhaust valves each for selectively closing and opening the associated first and second exhaust ports, wherein the first exhaust valve is operable to completely close the associated first exhaust port subsequent to the complete closure of the second exhaust port by the associated second exhaust valve, an exhaust shutter valve for selectively opening and closing a passage extending between the first exhaust port and the exhaust system, and a control unit for controlling the shutter valve according to an engine operating condition to adjust the amount of a portion of the exhaust gases allowed to substantially remain within the cylinder.

Apparatus and method for retarding an engine

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus for retarding an engine. There is a mechanism, such as a master and slave cylinder arrangement, for cracking open each exhaust valve of each cylinder of the engine near top dead center of each compression stroke. There is also provision for increasing the pressure of gases in the exhaust manifold sufficiently to open exhaust valves of other cylinders on the intake stroke after each exhaust valve on the compression stroke is so opened. The provision for increasing the pressure of gases in the exhaust manifold may include retarding timing of the cracking open of the exhaust valves on the compression stroke and a valve or other device for restricting a flow of exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold.

Turbo compound engine

Abstract: A turbo compound engine which comprises an engine having an intake air passage, an exhaust gas passage and a crankshaft, a power turbine disposed in the exhaust gas passage so as to be rotatable in normal and reverse senses, a reversing mechanism for connecting the power turbine with the crankshaft, an exhaust bypass line connected to the exhaust gas line so as to bypass the power turbine, first and second shut-off valves respectively disposed in the exhaust gas line upstream of the junctions of the exhaust bypass line and the exhaust gas passage, so that they may be closed upon reversed switching of the reversing mechanism an intake air bypass line connected to the intake air passage at one end thereof and to the exhaust gas passage downstream of the power turbine and upstream of one of the junctions with the exhaust bypass line at the other end, a third shut-off valve disposed in the intake air bypass line so as to be opened as the rotation of the power turbine is reversed and reaches a predetermined value.

Combined gas turbine plant

Abstract: A combined gas turbine plant comprises an air compressor, a combustor including a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a steam turbine, and an exhaust heat recovery device having a denitration device and arranged at a location through which an exhaust gas passage for leading exhaust gas from the gas turbine to the atmosphere extends. An air extraction pipe equipped with a valve is provided for extracting a part of the air from the air compressor to prevent surging of the air compressor during starting of the plant, and another air extraction pipe equipped with a valve is provided for extracting a part of the air from an air passage extending from the compressor to the combustion chamber to improve stability of a flame and combustibility in the combustion chamber during the plant starting. The extraction pipes extend to and hence lead the extracted air into a portion of the exhaust gas passage located downstream of the denitration device.

Apparatus for exhausting combustion gases from a gas water heater

Abstract: The present invention includes an exhaust fan for exhausting combustion gases from a gas fired water heater, a gas pressure diaphragm switch for operating the exhaust fan in response to fuel flowing to the burner of the water heater, and a safety device for preventing fuel flow to the burner upon detecting undesirable changes in combustion gases. The apparatus further includes a time delay to continue operation of the exhaust fan and exhaust residual combustion gases for a short time after fuel flow to the burner has ceased. In one form the time delay is a time delay relay switch and in another form it is a flow restricting orifice that restricts the flow of fuel from the gas pressure diaphragm switch, thereby maintaining a closed circuit to the exhaust fan.

Method for the operation of an internal combustion engine unit and/or a gas turbine unit and apparatus for carrying out this method with integrated exhaust gas post-treatment, in particular for use in combined heat and power systems

Abstract: According to the invention "Method for the operation of an internal combustion engine unit and/or a gas turbine unit and apparatus for carrying out this method with integrated exhaust gas post-treatment, in particular for use in combined heat and power systems", the pollutant-laden exhaust gases are not returned to the combustion chambers, since the combustion processes proceed in an extremely short time in these in an engine unit or a gas turbine unit and thus, despite control, clean combustion of the unburnt primary fuels and residual exhaust gas constituents is not possible. According to the invention, without exhaust gas recycling, an immediate afterburning of a majority of the unburnt primary fuels and the reactive residual oxygen quantities takes place downstream of the outlet of the combustion chambers or in a waste-heat boiler there with injection of additional fuels and of oxygen in dependence on the residual oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of the combustion chambers and on other parameters essential for the ideal combustion (unburnt primary fuel quantities, proportion of free or bound reactive or molecular oxygen quantities, concentrations and proportions of exhaust gas substances, exhaust gas quantities, mass flows, flow velocities, exhaust gas temperature). Since, because of the stoichiometric combustion, no free oxygen is present in the exhaust gas, despite high combustion temperatures the NOx proportions in the exhaust gas are low.

Method of detecting a fault of an exhaust gas recirculation system

Abstract: A method of detecting a fault of an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine, comprising detecting a temperature relating to a temperature of a gas recirculating through the exhaust gas recirculation system when the system is in a condition in which the system should be operated to return part of an exhaust gas of the engine to an intake passage, and detecting that the exhaust gas recirculation system is defective when the detected temperature is lower than a fault discriminating value. A condition of air to be sucked into the engine, such as intake air temperature and atmospheric pressure, is detected, and the fault discriminating value is set in accordance with the detected air condition, whereby abnormality or fault of the exhaust gas recirculation system can be detected accurately and reliably. Preferably, the fault detection is inhibited until the engine temperature reaches a predetermined value and/or a predetermined time period elapses after the start-up of the engine, whereby erroneous fault detection can be prevented.

Internal combustion engine with valve timing gear

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with valve timing gear with two exhaust ports per cylinder and with an exhaust turbocharger, the first exhaust ports of all cylinders are connected to the turbine inlet and the second exhaust ports of all cylinders to a bypass line bypassing the turbine. The second exhaust valves are opened later than the first exhaust valves, so that the greater portion of the exhaust gas energy can be used to drive the exhaust gas turbine. On opening of the second exhaust valves, a portion of the exhaust gas mass flow is led past the exhaust gas turbine, thereby limiting the charge pressure. The second exhaust valves are preferably provided with a variable valve timing gear, which on attainment of a certain charge pressure shifts the opening point towards earlier opening and/or increases the valve lift.

Diagnosis device for exhaust gas recycling device of internal combustion engine

Abstract: A diagnosis device for an exhaust gas recycling device diagnoses whether or not an exhaust gas recycling device is operating normally; the temperature of an exhaust gas recycling passage is detected by a temperature detection means, a decision is made by an exhaust gas recycling operating region detection means whether or not the operating region is such as to carry out exhaust gas recycling, when a decision is made that the operating region is such as to carry out exhaust gas recycling a counter is incremented and when otherwise is decremented, and a decision that the exhaust gas recycling is not being carried out normally, that is that the exhaust gas recycling device has failed, is made when the count value of this counter is at least a certain value and the temperature of the exhaust gas recycling passage is not more than a certain value.

Exhaust system for a piston internal combustion engine

Abstract: In this operating process a mixture of ammonia and carrier gas is injected under pressure at an advantageous point by way of a feed device into an exhaust gas flow of a supercharged internal combustion engine. This leads to an NOx reaction of the exhaust gases.

Burner for hard-to-ignite mixtures

Abstract: A burner for hard-to-ignite mixtures, such as with exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in which an ignitable mixture is prepared in a locally limited area for producing an ignition flame that is then used for igniting the hard-to-ignite mixture. According to one embodiment, the burner has an auxiliary ignition burner that is integrated into the actual burner and that is operated with compressed air, which is delivered either by a vehicle compressed air system or by a separately provided air compressor. In an alternative embodiment, air is fed in, additionally, by an air injection device to an outlet area of the fuel nozzle and in the vicinity of the ignition device to prepare an extremely ignitable mixture in this area, which is used to generate an ignition flame. The air injection device can be supplied with compressed air in the same manner as for the auxiliary ignition burner in the first embodiment. Alternatively, ambient air with sufficient oxygen content can be fed in through the air injection device.

Internal combustion engine, particularly otto engine

Abstract: A multiple cylinder internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust recycling system including an exhaust return line connected with an exhaust manifold of the internal combustion cylinder and exhaust metering device comprising a first metering member connected with a throttle valve of an intake manifold for joint actuation therewith and a plurality of turbulence nozzles, each of the turbulence nozzles being located in an immediate vicinity of an inlet valve of each combustion cylinder communicating a combustion chamber of a respective combustion cylinder with the intake manifold, the exhaust recycling system further comprising a header reservoir located downstream of said first metering member, and a plurality of separate exhaust return lines communicating the header reservoir with the plurality of turbulence nozzles, respectively.

Four-stroke V-engine with central exhaust and intake manifolds

Abstract: A V-type four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine is provided with an exhaust manifold and an air intake manifold disposed in the valley of the V-engine, and arranged one above the other. The exhaust from the cylinders passes through exhaust passages formed in the cylinder heads which discharge exhaust into the valley of the V-engine for collection in a central exhaust cavity provided in the exhaust manifold. A single exhaust discharge outlet is in communication with the central exhaust cavity for discharging exhaust therefrom. The air intake manifold includes a series of air intake passages which supply air to the cylinders from within the valley of the V-engine. A series of cylinder head intake passages are provided with openings facing the valley of the V-engine for receiving air therefrom. The exhaust manifold is preferably water jacketed for cooling exhaust prior to its discharge from the engine, and the exhaust passages provided in the cylinder heads are also water jacketed. In a carbureted system, the water warmed by the exhaust acts to pre-heat air passing through the cylinder head air passages prior to its entry into the cylinders, which improves low-speed performance of the engine. The push rods are either disposed in a conventional arrangement wherein the cam shaft is located in the apex of the V-shape formed by the push rods, or may be disposed in an overhead arrangement when an overhead camshaft configuration is employed.

Method of melting raw materials

Abstract: A process of melting silicate raw materials includes the steps of using the tank exhaust gases to heat the combustion air, using the tank exhaust gases to preheat a mixture of raw materials, removing acid gaseous aggressive media from the tank exhaust gases, then using the tank exhaust gases to preheat the combination air Because the acid gaseous aggressive media are removed from the tank exhaust gases before the tank exhaust gases are used to preheat the combustion air, more heat can be withdrawn from the tank exhaust gases than was heretofore possible, since there is no danger of acid condensation even when the tank exhaust gases are cooled to near ambient temperature