Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 1989"

Indirect air conditioning system

Abstract: This invention relates to an air conditioning system which utilizes the exhaust air from a conditioned space for the conditioning of the supply air to the conditioned space. The invention comprises a supply air heat exchanger and an exhaust air heat exchanger, where the supply air heat exchanger comprises an air-to-air type exchanger. The exhaust air is conditioned by the exhaust air heat exchanger, which may comprise heating or cooling of the exhaust air using dehumidification or evaporative cooling, for example. The conditioned exhaust air is then passed through the supply air heat exchanger so as to condition the supply air. One advantage of the invention is the indirect heat transfer from the exhaust air to the supply air, where any processes that may effect the quality of the exhaust air is not transferred to the supply air, since all or a majority of the exhaust air is discharged to atmosphere.

Fuel injection valve with an air assist adapter for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes an injector body having a fuel injection hole and an adapter having a fuel collision surface, two air injection holes and two injected fuel paths. The fuel injected from the fuel injection hole flows in a slug-like pattern and collides with the fuel collision surface where the fuel is atomized a first time. Then, the fuel flows in a direction away from an axis of the adapter in a membrane-like pattern getting thinner in thickness to be finally broken to pieces, that is, to be atomized a second time. The air injected from the air injection holes collides with the membrane-like pattern of fuel to be atomized a third time before the fuel goes out of the injected fuel paths.

Air supply control systems for turbocharged internal combustion engines

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of superchargers including a turbosupercharger, an exhaust cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an exhaust passage in which a turbine of the turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to open and close an intake passage in which a blower of the turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air relief valve operative selectively to open and close a relief passage provided for detouring the blower of the turbosupercharger, an engine operation detector for detecting operating conditions of the engine, a cutoff valve controller operative, in response to the detection output from the engine operation detector, to cause both the exhaust cutoff valve and the intake air cutoff valve to be closed when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and to cause both the exhaust cutoff valve and the intake air cutoff valve to be open when the intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively large, and a relief valve controller operative, in response to the detection output from the engine operation detector, to cause the intake air relief valve to be closed at a time point earlier than another time point at which the exhaust cutoff valve is fully opened.

Variable exhaust controller for commercial kitchens

Abstract: An energy saving controller for kitchen exhaust systems is disclosed in which the exhaust fan speed is varied in proportion to the level of cooking by-product seeking to escape from a flow path within the exhaust hood. The exhaust fan speed may also be varied in relation to the heat load of the cooking units as indicated by temperature above the units or energy consumed thereby. Further, where make-up air is provided, the speed of the make-up air fan may be similarly varied.

Diesel particulate composition changes along an air cooled exhaust pipe and dilution tunnel

Abstract: Exhaust particulate and gas composition samples were obtained at various distances along an externally air cooled exhaust from a Perkins 4-236 single cylinder engine. The change in the particulate composition was determined as a function of the exhaust distance and local temperature. Exhaust temperatures were in the range 200 - 260C at entry to the tunnel at all engine conditions. A constant filter paper and sample temperature of 50C was used for both exhaust and dilution tunnel samples and the filter paper was mounted in an oven for this purpose and the particulate sample was transported through heated lines to this oven. Associated with these particulate measurements were gas analysis measurements. UHC were measured at 180, 50 and 2C in the exhaust and the differences were taken as an indicator of the condensable hydrocarbons over that temperature difference. The results are described in this paper.

Air supply control systems for internal combustion engines

Abstract: An air supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises first and second turbosuperchargers, an exhaust cutoff valve operative to open and close one of separated exhaust passages in which a turbine of the second turbosupercharger is disposed, a first valve driving device for controlling the exhaust cutoff valve so that only the first turbosupercharger works when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and both of the first and second turbosuperchargers work when the intake air mass flow is to be relatively large, an exhaust bypass valve operative to open and close an exhaust bypass passage provided for forming a partial exhaust passage detouring the exhaust cutoff valve, a second valve driving device for causing the exhaust bypass valve to open the exhaust bypass passage when intake air pressure applied to the engine reaches a predetermined value under a condition in which the intake air mass flow is to be relatively small, a waste gate valve operative to open and close a bypass passage provided for forming a partial exhaust passage detouring the turbines of the first and second turbosuperchargers, and a third valve driving device for causing the waste gate valve to open the bypass passage when the pressure of intake air reaches substantially the predetermined value under a condition in which the intake air mass flow is to be relatively large.

Air flotation dryer with built-in afterburner

Abstract: An internal exhaust fan (56) propels internal solvent-laden air across a burner (66) where it combusts, causing a heat rise. Heated, combusted air is routed to a recirculating supply air fan (50) which provides for pressurized heated air for air bars (28a-28n, 30a-30n) for drying a web. Heated air in excess of that required to dry the web is vented externally and helps to maintain desired solvent concentration levels. Variable parameters such as fan speed, burner temperatures, air box pressures, exhaust air rate, solvent concentration, supply air flow, supply air temperature and damper vane position are monitored, and the components are actuated to effect a high level of clean up efficiency.

Low temperature Nox /Sox removal apparatus

Abstract: Exhaust gases from a process fired boiler are diverted from a stack prior to emission to the atmosphere through a duct system to a plurality of series connected heat exchangers. The exhaust gases are progressively reduced from an elevated temperature, for example in the range between about 350°-525° F., in stages to an ambient temperature of about 50° F. At each stage heat from the exhaust gases is transferred from the gases to another medium, such as water, which is fed back to the boiler to reduce the energy cost of operating the boiler. At ambient temperature the exhaust gases are subjected to an atomized spray of a reagent solution that absorbs the contaminants in the exhaust gases. Absorption of the contaminants into solution with the atomized reagent spray is promoted by contact of the spray and exhaust gases on the surface of a fibrous batting. With the exhaust gases at ambient temperature the percentage of contaminants in the flue gas that enters into solution with the reagent is substantially increased. Thus the reagent absorbs the contaminants, and the exhaust gases are emitted after further moisture separation substantially free of contaminants.

Engine exhaust apparatus and method

Abstract: An engine exhaust apparatus in which an exhaust passageway of the engine is provided with a plurality of sound deadening passsages. One common exhaust passageway from the engine is branched into first and second exhaust passageways. Each of the first and second exhaust passageways has a silencer or muffler including first and second exhaust outlet tubes with a shift valve mounted in one of these exhaust outlet tubes. A control unit controls the shift valves to close both when engine speed is in a low region, to open one of them when engine speed is in a medium region and to open both when engine speed is in a high region.

The Influence of High Pressure Fuel injection on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a High Speed Direct injection Diesel Engine

Abstract: Conventional direct injection diesel engines for cars or light duty trucks, equipped with injection pumps of conventional types, such as distributor injection pumps and inline injection pumps, and operating at compression ratios of 18-19, are capable of offering a fuel consumption benefit of some 15% compared to chamber diesel engines. In terms of noise and exhaust emissions, and also black smoke characteristics they are significantly inferior to the prechamber engine. They have a specific rated output which is some 20% lower. Only through the use of a compression ratio of 21 and high injection pressures it is possible to measurably diminish the drawbacks in respect of exhaust emissions and, to some extent, in respect of soot emissions. This in no way enhances the noise behaviour. For this reason, it is essential to employ measures such as injection rate shaping or split-injection. Satisfactory engine characteristics are best achieved if a pilot- injection is used. Such a pilo- injection is only feasible with an electronically controlled unit injector.

Idle speed control system for a two-cycle engine

Abstract: A two-cycle engine has a scavenge pump provided in an intake passage, and a fuel/air injector provided for injecting fuel directly in a cylinder of the engine together with air. A control unit has a calculator for calculating quantities of fuel and air injected from the fuel/air injector and for producing a fuel injection pulse width signal and an air injection pulse width signal based on the calculated quantities. Engine speed at idling state is compared with a desired idle speed and an error signal is produced. At least one of the pulse width signals is corrected with a correction value for controlling the injection quantity so as to cause the idle speed to converge to the desired idle speed.

Measurement and control of exhaust gas recirculation with an oxygen pumping device

Abstract: An electrochemical device and method measures the percentage of exhaust gas in the intake air/exhaust gas mixture going to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. Two electrochemical pump cells (21,31) and a support structure form a restricted volume (40) in communication through an aperture (41) to an ambient of intake air and exhaust gas mixture. Constant current is passed through a first pump cell (21) to cause a portion of oxygen molecules inside the restricted volume to be pumped out. A constant voltage across the second pump cell (31) causes substantially all the remaining O₂ molecules inside the restricted volume to be pumped out. Current flowing in the second pump cell is measured, the current being proportional to the percentage of O₂ inside the restricted volume and hence proportional to the percentage of O₂ in the intake air and exhaust gas mixture, which is a measure of %EGR.

Stratified air scavenging in two-stroke engine

Abstract: A two-cycle engine has an air inlet in the crankcase, and a spiral air-fuel passage encircling the cylinder wall rising from the crankcase to an inlet in the cylinder head to effect cooling of the cylinder. A fuel injection device introduces fuel into the transfer passage. A unidirectional valve admits air and fuel into the cylinder head and curved fins impart a swirling action to the air and fuel to effect a fuel and air stratification. An exhaust passage in the cylinder wall has an adjustable throttle to control dirctly the outflow of exhaust gases and indirectly the inflow of fresh fuel-air mixture, whereby the power level of the engine is controlled.

Rotating diesel particulate trap

Abstract: A rotating particulate trap is disclosed, which may find application in diesel engines, air conditioning systems, industrial air-filters and the like. The invention includes a disk or cylinder which is formed from material suitable for filtering particulates which are present in the exhaust gases of diesel engines, gas turbines, industrial air or other particulate laden gases. The disk is mounted transversely in the exhaust duct of a diesel engine and in a fresh air duct which is disposed parallel to the exhaust duct. As the disk rotates within the exhaust duct, it filters particulates from the exhaust gases of the diesel engine. The filtered particulates are expelled from the disk by fresh air blowing in the air duct as the disk rotates within the air duct. The fresh air is blown in the air duct in a direction opposite to the flow of exhaust gases within the exhaust duct by a fan or compressor or compressed air jets. The counterflow arrangement of fresh air and combustion gases enhances the effectiveness of particulate removal as the disk rotates between the exhaust duct and the fresh air duct. Particulates expelled from the disk are blown into a filter bag which is attached to the end of the fresh air duct.

Fuel swirl generation type fuel injection valve and direct fuel injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine mounted with the fuel injection valve

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes a fuel swirl generation device, a main fuel injection hole having a comparatively large diameter, and a subsidiary fuel injection hole having a comparatively small diameter. The inclination of the main fuel injection hole with respect to an axis of the fuel injection valve is small so that a fuel swirl remains in the fuel injected therethrough. The inclination of the subsidiary fuel injection hole is great so that the swirl operates so as to push out the fuel through the subsidiary fuel injection hole. The fuel injected through the main fuel injection hole spreads due to the centrifugal force acting on the swirling fuel without depending on an intake gas swirl. The fuel injected through the subsidiary fuel injection hole has a strong penetrating force and can reach the vicinity of a spark plug. This improves ignition without depending on an intake gas swirl. Thus, good combustion is obtained over an entire operation range of a direct fuel injection type engine.

The Effect of Fuel injection Pressure on Diesel Engine Performance

Abstract: In order to reduce exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, high-pressure injection tests were conducted from two aspects: spray observation and single-cylinder testing. In-cylinder spray promotes mixing through impingement on the cavity wall. Reduction of the nozzle area is effective in causing increased impingement on the wall, though it is desirable to limit the reduction so that the injection period is kept within an appropriate range (about 25 deg of crank angle). Higher pressure through an increase in the geometric injection rate and reduction of the nozzle area, greatly reduces exhaust smoke and fuel consumption in the low to medium speed ranges. The combination of high-pressure injection and pilot injection is an effective way to achieve overall reduction of NOx, exhaust smoke, fuel consumption and combustion noise.

Apparatus and method for retarding a turbocharged engine

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus for retarding a turbocharged engine. There is a mechanism, such as a master and slave cylinder arrangement, for cracking open each exhaust valve of each cylinder of the engine near top dead center of each compression stroke. There is also provision for increasing the pressure of gases in the exhaust manifold sufficiently to open exhaust valves of other cylinders on the intake stroke after each exhaust valve on the compression stroke is so opened. The provision for increasing the pressure of gases in the exhaust manifold includes a device for diverting the exhaust gases to a restricted portion of the turbine nozzle, thereby increasing the pressure of gases directed onto the turbine blades and the pressure in the exhaust manifold.

Exhaust system for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines and method for controlling same

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to take advantage of the exhaust gas pulses in an exhaust system of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine to increase the volumetric efficiency over the complete operating range of the engine. It solves the problems of other systems which are only able to gain a beneficial effect from the exhaust gas pulses over a limited range of the engine operating speeds, by providing a means of varying the exhaust pipe lengths, combinations, and cross-sectional area of the exhaust passages of the multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. By this means it provides an exhaust system in which the exhaust gas pulse frequencies can be varied over the entire operating range of the engine to obtain desirable pulse frequencies matching the cylinder exhaust timing for efficient extraction of the exhaust gases, improvement in volumetric efficiency and a higher maximum engine speed. The various methods can be controlled by sensors connected to any or all of the engine rpm sensor, the gear change mechanism and the throttle valve. The methods are suitable for any type of multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, that is, in-line cylinders, horizontal opposed cylinders, V cylinder arrangement etc. and for any type of application whether stationary or on a moving vehicle. The methods solve the problem of other methods related to positioning on a motor cycle by being able to have the exhaust pipe combination change valve located between the engine cylinder exhaust outlet and later junctions of the exhaust pipes. Also the layout of the system is such that the components can be simply protected from damage and easily accessed for maintenance.

Fuel injection equipment for heavy duty diesel engines for U. S. 1991/1994 emission limits

Abstract: The particulate emissions can be reduced by increasing injection pressure. The NO/sub chi/ -emission can be lower to the required amount with a retarded injection-begin. These measures raise fuel consumption by approximately 8 - 10%. To avoid blue smoke from the cold engine, it is advantageous that the fuel injection is advanced during the warm-up period. These statements apply for injection systems with unit injectors as well as for pump-line-nozzle-systems. In this paper, the pump-line-nozzle-system will be described. With this system, injection pressures of 1200 to 1400 bar at the injection nozzle are reached. The injection-begin can be changed with a control-sleeve in-line pump. The injection-begin and fuel quantity can be flexibly and accurately adjusted by means of an electronic governor.

Aboveground tank leak detection system and method

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting fluid leaks from aboveground fluid storage tanks is disclosed. The invention consists of radially disposing a plurality sample probes in the subsurface soil area underneath the aboveground tank. Each of the plurality of sample probes are connected to a vacuum pump and a sampling port to collect the soil gasses drawn from the subsurface soil area. At least one air injection probe is disposed in the subsurface soil area and extends underneath the aboveground tank to an approximate center point of the tank circumference. The volatile liquid phase tracer is mixed with the fluid in the tank, and soil gas samples are evacuated through the subsurface soil area underneath the tank into the sample probes, collected and analyzed for the presence of the gas phase tracer.

Exhaust system for V-type engine

Abstract: Two embodiments of motorcycles having improved exhaust systems. In each embodiment, the motorcycle includes a V-type engine and the exhaust system provides substantially equal length exhaust pipes that merge into a common exhaust outlet and which are disposed beneath the clutch and on the opposite side of the engine from the generator. In addition, one embodiment discloses an oil filter that is disposed above the clutch so as to be protected from the heat of the exhaust pipes by the clutch.

Control of a charged, piston internal combustion engine having a plurality of exhaust gas turbochargers

Abstract: One of the exhaust gas turbochargers of a plurality of parallel turbochargers is constructed to be disconnectable and connectable by the arrangement of one controllable exhaust gas blocking device in the exhaust gas pipe in front of the exhaust gas turbine and one automatically operating charge air blocking device in the suction pipe of the charge air compressor. A fast power increase to the nominal power of the internal-combustion engine is achieved, if a bypass pipe with a controllable bypass blocking device is arranged at the switchable exhaust gas turbocharger, this bypass blocking device being constructed as a transverse connection between the suction pipe of the charge air compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which cannot be disconnected, and the suction pipe of the charge air compressor downstream of the charge air blocking device of the disconnectable and connectable exhaust gas turbocharger. The thermal and mechanical overloading of the connected exhaust gas turbocharger is therefore avoided.

Rotary valve with facility for stratified combustion in the internal combustion engine

Abstract: A coaxial rotary valve mechanism for an internal combustion engine that incorporates two coaxial, cylinder shaped rotors in the cylinder head, rotating with speed ratio of 2:1 so that ports in their surfaces align at the appropriate segments of the operating cycle to function as air intake valves. The outer rotor further comprises a recess on its surface which has plurality of functions. During the compression stroke said recess forms a pre-combustion chamber between said rotor and the cylinder head, and during the exhaust stroke brings the cylinder into the open registry with the exhaust port allowing combustion gases to be exhausted. During the compression stroke the liquid fuel is injected into the pre-combustion chamber containing exhaust gases, while said pre-combustion chamber is in closed registry with the cylinder. The air inlet is restricted during the injection and as the outer rotor progresses with its rotation a swirl of compressed air is allowed into the pre-combustion chamber only prior to the ignition. Stratified combustion of the fuel charge has two stages. In firs stage, part combustion takes place in the pre-combustion chamber, where burning mixture increases the pressure, which in the second stage injects unburned portion of the charge into the main-chamber, containing compressed air only, for total combustion. The stratified combustion lowers the combustion temperature which in return reduces the content of major pollutants in the exhaust gases.

Control system for air flotation dryer with a built-in afterburner

Abstract: An internal exhaust fan (56) propels internal solvent-laden air across a burner (66) where it combusts, causing a heat rise. Heated, combusted air is routed to a recirculating supply air fan (50) which provides pressurized heated air for air bars (28a-28n, 30a-30n) for drying a web. Heated air in excess of that required to dry the web is vented externally and helps to maintain desired solvent concentration levels. Variable parameters such as fan speed, burner temperatures, air box pressures, exhaust air rate, solvent concentration, supply air flow, supply air temperature and damper position are monitored, and the components are actuated to effect a high level of clean up efficiency. The control system provides for the coordinated control of the exhaust fan speed, damper positions, and burner firing. The control system utilizes a computer in real time processing to monitor and control the electrical and electromechanical components.

Diesel engine white smoke control system

Abstract: A system for reducing the emission of condensed unburned fuel from diesel engines is disclosed. The system includes an exhaust gas flow passage having a particulate filter positioned therein for trapping particulate matter entrained within the exhaust gas and a burner for selectively elevating the exhaust gas temperature. Sensors are provided for continuously monitoring the ambient air temperature and the exhaust gas temperature and relaying values indicative of these temperatures to a control module. The control module in turn compares these determined values to predetermined minimal values. If both the ambient air temperature and the exhaust gas temperature are less than the predetermined minimal values, the control module will activate the burner in order to raise the exiting exhaust gas temperature to reduce the emission of condensed unburned fuel.

Measurement of Diesel Exhaust Emissions with Mini-Dilution Tunnel

Abstract: A compact transient mini-tunnel (multi-tube type) inducing only a part of the exhaust gas, has been developed as a device for measuring the quantity of regulated exhaust emissions in the exhaust gas from diesel engines. This device allows measurement of exhaust emissions even for transient mode operating conditions of the engines, such as U.S. EPA FTP transient mode (FTP mode). The size of this mini-tunnel can be reduced to approximately twenty percent of the dilution tunnel (full-flow tunnel) specified by EPA and the flow rate in the mini-tunnel is a few percent thereof. The results are discussed in this paper. Comparison is made to measurement with the full-flow tunnel.

Combination exhaust manifold and exhaust elbow for marine propulsion system

Abstract: A combination exhaust manifold and exhaust elbow for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust cavity for receiving exhaust from the engine, an exhaust passage leading from the exhaust cavity, and an exhaust discharge outlet. A first water jacket is provided around the exhaust cavity and a second water jacket is provided around the exhaust discharge passage. A dam is provided between the first and second water jackets, having a passage therein for allowing fluid communication between the first and second water jackets. A warm water inlet is provided in the first water jacket around the exhaust cavity for receiving cooling water which has been warmed by the engine, and which flow is controlled by a temperature sensitive thermostat. A cold water inlet is provided adjacent the discharge exhaust passage. The cold water inlet is disposed either upstream or downstream of the dam adjacent the exhaust passage, and allows cold bypass water to be discharged without the necessity of the cold water flowing through the entire assembly, so as to prevent moisture from condensing out of the exhaust in the exhaust cavity.

Method of and apparatus for controlling air fuel ratio of internal combustion engine

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling the air fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine by which the air fuel ratio can be controlled so that the exhaust gas purifying efficiency of a catalytic converter for purifying exhaust gas of the engine may be maximum. In the apparatus, exhaust gas of the engine is first passed through a catalytic converter and then is introduced into an oxygen concentration sensor of the λ type. When the air fuel ratio is compulsorily varied, the compulsorily varied condition of the air fuel ratio such as an average of variations of the air fuel ratio (average air fuel ratio) is corrected in accordance with an output of the oxygen concentration sensor thereby to control the air fuel ratio so that the purifying efficiency of the exhaust gas purifying catalytic converter may be maximum.

Non-icing quiet air-operated pump

Abstract: A silencing system is provided for an air-operated pump (10) which also eliminates icing of the pump at higher cycle rates and humidities. The exhaust (12) from the air motor (10) powers an air flow inducer (24) to induce flow of relatively warm ambient air (28). The induced flow of ambient air (28) is drawn across cold components (41, 20, 16) of the air motor (10), and the mixed (ambient and exhaust air) exit stream (34) routed away from the air motor. The relatively warm mixed air exhaust flow (34) also allows noise reduction by conventional acoustical techniques (38) without suffering performance degradation due to icing.

Air supply and exhaust control systems for turbocharged internal combustion engines

Abstract: An air supply and exhaust control system for an internal combustion engine comprises at least first and second turbosuperchargers, an operation prohibiting portion for prohibiting the second turbosupercharger from working as occasion demands, an exhaust gas flow detecting portion, an air supply control portion for causing the operation prohibiting portion to prohibit the second turbosupercharger from working when a detection output from the exhaust gas flow detecting portion indicates that the exhaust gas flow is less than a first predetermined value, an exhaust gas discharging device connected to an exhaust passage in possession of variable exhaust resistance for discharging the exhaust gas, an exhaust resistance changing portion for changing the variable exhaust resistance, and an exhaust control portion for controlling the exhaust resistance changing portion to set the variable exhaust resistance to be relatively small when the detection output from the exhaust gas flow detecting portion indicates that the exhaust gas flow is more than a second predetermined value which is smaller than the first predetermined value and to be relatively large when the detection output from the exhaust gas flow detecting portion indicates that the exhaust gas flow is equal to or less than the second predetermined value.