Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 2002"

Exhaust emission control system of internal combustion engine

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system of an internal combustion engine capable of post injection is disclosed which provides control such that the injection timing in sub injection is set to a point earlier than the target injection timing when the sub injection is started, and the injection timing in the sub injection is then delayed to the target injection timing. This realizes the post injection under the optimum conditions and enables an efficient rise in the exhaust temperature while inhibiting deterioration of the drivability due to a rapid change in torque.

Internal combustion engine with an exhaust turbocharger and an exhaust-gas recirculation device

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine including an exhaust turbocharger and an exhaust-gas recirculation device, with an exhaust turbine and a compressor, the exhaust turbine has a plurality of inlet flow passages to which exhaust gas can be supplied via separate exhaust lines connected to some of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine In total, three flow passages are provided in the exhaust turbine, of which two communicate with the exhaust-gas recirculation device, and one of these flow passages includes an adjustable throttling member for regulating the mass flow of exhaust gas to be recirculated

Device for purifying exhaust gas of diesel engines

Abstract: A diesel engine exhaust gas purifying device includes a first continuous regeneration type diesel particulate filter in the exhaust gas passage, a by-path by-passing a portion of the exhaust gas passage upstream of the first continuous regeneration type diesel particulate filter, a second continuous regeneration type diesel particulate filter in the by-path, a change-over valve in the exhaust gas passage between the ends of by-path, an exhaust gas temperature-elevating mechanism, an exhaust gas temperature region detecting mechanism, and a control mechanism for controlling the exhaust gas temperature-elevating mechanism and the change-over valve based on the exhaust gas temperature region. When the exhaust gas temperature region of the engine is in a temperature range lower than a predetermined temperature region, the control mechanism actuates the exhaust gas temperature-elevating mechanism and controls the change-over valve so that the exhaust gas passes through the second continuous regeneration type diesel particulate filter.

Exhaust emission purification system for diesel engine

Abstract: A first exhaust emission purification device first and a second exhaust emission purification device, each have a continuously regenerating type DPF and an SCR catalyst to constitute exhaust emission purification system for a diesel engine. When the exhaust gas temperature is within a low-temperature region lower than a predetermined temperature region, the exhaust gas temperature is raised.

After-treatment system and method for reducing emissions in diesel engine exhaust

Abstract: An after-treatment system arrangement and method of operating the after-treatment system arrangement is provided for heating the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The after-treatment system arrangement includes an oxidation device for catalytically oxidizing the exhaust gas and a port in the exhaust-gas stream for selectively introducing a controlled amount of oxygen into the exhaust gas in response to a condition of the exhaust gas. The introduction of oxygen can be selectively controlled in response to the temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the oxidation device. Simultaneously or alternatively, the introduction of oxygen can be selectively controlled in response to the chemical composition of the exhaust gas. The air-to-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas may also be controlled to further facilitate heating of the exhaust gas. The after-treatment system arrangement can also be controlled to remove pollutant emissions from the exhaust gas.

Fuel injection control method for diesel engine and regenerative control method for exhaust gas after treatment device

Abstract: The present invention concerns an diesel engine fuel injection control, and a regeneration control method of exhaust gas post-treatment apparatus using this fuel injection control, and the engine fuel injection control for performing after injections (Fas, Fam) after a main injection (Fm) for activation and regeneration of the exhaust gas post-treatment apparatus, through the rising of diesel engine exhaust gas temperature or the decrease of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, is composed to perform the after injections (Fas, Fam) in a range of 40° ATDC to 90° ATDC of the crank angle. Whereby, the main injection can be burned, without misfire, even when the main injection is largely retarded, or, the injection quantity is increased/decreased, and the engine operation can be sustained, by keeping the engine combustion in a good state.

Semiconductor manufacturing system with exhaust pipe, deposit elimination method for use with semiconductor manufacturing system, and method of manufacturing semiconductor device

Abstract: A reactive gas is supplied to a reaction chamber by way of a reactive gas supply pipe. The reactive gas is exhausted from the reaction chamber by way of a main exhaust pipe. Outside air is drawn into the reaction chamber by way of an air intake pipe by means of opening an air intake valve. Further, a main exhaust valve is closed, and a dust collection exhaust valve is opened. As a result, a by-product deposited on an interior wall of the reaction chamber and in the main exhaust pipe is exhausted by way of a dust collection exhaust pipe having exhaust power higher than that of the main exhaust pipe.

Air Injection LTO Process: An IOR Technique for Light-Oil Reservoirs

Abstract: The paper describes an air injection improved oil recovery (IOR) process for the recovery of residual oil from light-oil reservoirs. Unlike the air injection technique applied in heavy-oil reservoirs, the main concern for a light-oil reservoir is to remove the oxygen from the injected air by some kind of spontaneous reaction between the oil and oxygen. In-situ combustion in heavy oil reservoirs is a very effective reaction pathway to achieve complete oxygen consumption, as well as to generate heat for enhanced oil recovery. For deep light-oil reservoirs, in-situ combustion is not necessary and may not be readily sustained. More likely, so-called low temp. oxidn. (LTO) will prevail. In this study, the potential for LTO reactions to consume oxygen, the reaction rate, and the reaction pathways are investigated. A simplified LTO reaction model has been established based on exptl. data obtained from a batch reactor expt. The model was validated against high-pressure flow displacement expts. in an oxidn. tube. A scoping simulation study on a reservoir scale has enabled a sensitivity assessment of the process to be made. The effect of air injection rate, reservoir dip, oil viscosity, formation permeability, numerical grid size, and reservoir temp. on oil recovery and the thermal effect were investigated. Compared with what is normally understood to be conventional air injection (in-situ combustion), the air injection LTO process is flexible in terms of injection rate, stable because of spontaneous reaction (if the reservoir temp. is high enough), and also an economic alternative to hydrocarbon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide gas. It can also be used as a secondary recovery method in reservoirs that are not suitable for water injection. [on SciFinder (R)]

Exhaust gas recirculating device

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation device in accordance with the present invention has an exhaust gas recirculation valve interposed between the exhaust system and the intake system of an internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas recirculation cooler for cooling exhaust gas sent from the exhaust gas recirculation valve to the intake system, and a bypass valve that bypasses the exhaust gas recirculation cooler and sends the exhaust gas to the intake system. The exhaust gas recirculation cooler is put adjacently between the exhaust gas recirculation valve and the bypass valve.

A Low NO(x) Lean-Direct Injection, Multipoint Integrated Module Combuster Concept for Advanced Aircraft Gas Turbines

Abstract: A low NO(x) emissions combustor has been demonstrated in flame-tube tests. A multipoint, lean-direct injection concept was used. Configurations were tested that had 25- and 36- fuel injectors in the size of a conventional single fuel injector. An integrated-module approach was used for the construction where chemically etched laminates, diffusion bonded together, combine the fuel injectors, air swirlers and fuel manifold into a single element. Test conditions were inlet temperatures up to 810 K, inlet pressures up to 2760 kPa, and flame temperatures up to 2100 K. A correlation was developed relating the NO(x) emissions with the inlet temperature, inlet pressure, fuel-air ratio and pressure drop. Assuming that 10 percent of the combustion air would be used for liner cooling and using a hypothetical engine cycle, the NO(x) emissions using the correlation from flame-tube tests were estimated to be less than 20 percent of the 1996 ICAO standard.

Multi-cylinder diesel engine with variably actuated valves

Abstract: In a Diesel engine with variably actuated valves, the cam controlling each inlet valve is shaped to provoke the opening of the respective inlet valve during the engine's normal exhaust phase and thus realize exhaust gas recirculation within the engine, due to the fact that during the normal exhaust phase, part of the exhaust gas passes from the cylinder into the inlet port, from where it returns to the cylinder during the next induction phase, while part of the exhaust gas that had previously passed into the exhaust port returns to the cylinder during the induction phase due to the additional opening of the exhaust valve, in consequence of which the exhaust gas charges that return to the cylinder are subjected to further combustion in the next engine cycle.

Exhaust gas purification apparatus for internal combustion engine and method thereof

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine a filter that traps particulate matter In an exhaust gas, and a catalyst with a three-way function is carried on the filter. At the filter regeneration, by controlling such as an injection amount of post injection, an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas at an outlet of the filter is controlled to a stoichiometric ratio, and also by controlling such as an intake air throttle valve, an oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas at an inlet of the filter is controlled. Hence, at the filter regeneration, the particulate can be reliably burned and removed, and at the same time, NOx in addition to HC and CO can be purified.

Working fluid circuit for a turbocharged engine having exhaust gas recirculation

Abstract: The working fluid circuit of the present invention includes an exhaust gas passage through which exhaust gas under pressure flows from the internal combustion engine, a charge air passage, and a turbocharger. An exhaust gas recirculation passage extends between the exhaust gas passage and the charge air passage, but bypasses the turbocharger and provides a path for recirculating a predetermined amount of exhaust gas into the charge air passage in such a way that the exhaust gas and the charge air are mixed together. An intake passage provides intake air to the internal combustion engine. A single charge air cooler is operatively interconnected to and provides fluid communication between the charge air passage and the intake passage and acts to cool the mixed charge air and the recirculated exhaust gas prior to induction into the internal combustion engine through the intake passage.

Exhaust system and method for removing particulate matter from diesel engine exhaust

Abstract: The invention provides low temperature NO2 trap compositions useful for adsorbing NO2 from a gas stream at lower temperatures, and releasing the NO2 at higher temperatures. The low temperature trap compositions are useful for incorporation into a diesel exhaust system equipped with a soot filter. The NO2 from the diesel exhaust can be stored when the exhaust temperature is cool, e.g., during startup and at times of low load, and released when the exhaust is at higher temperatures. The released NO2 serves as an effective oxidant for the combustion of soot deposited on the soot filter. These temperatures are significantly lower than those required for the combustion of soot using O2 as an oxidant. The methods of the invention thereby provide a method for regenerating the soot filter within operating temperature ranges typical of diesel engine exhaust systems.

Method of controlling exhaust gas recirculation system based upon humidity

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for a compression ignition engine is provided wherein the exhaust gas recirculation is shut off depending upon the sensed or calculated humidity in the intake manifold relative to the dew point of the exhaust/intake air mixture. The humidity of the exhaust/intake air mixture may be measured in the intake manifold, charge air mixer or the ambient humidity may be sensed. If humidity is measured in the air charge mixer or in the ambient air, other factors such as engine speed and load, intake manifold pressure, EGR flow and air/fuel ratio may be used to calculate the humidity in the intake manifold. When the temperature of the mixture in the intake manifold is less than the dew point of the mixture, the engine control strategy may be shut off the EGR to prevent condensation in the exhaust gas recirculation system or engine.

Apparatus and method for controlling a fuel cell system

Abstract: The invention provides integrated fuel cell systems and associated operating methods wherein oxidant flow is controlled in response to an oxygen sensor in an exhaust stream of a fuel cell exhaust gas oxidizer, and fuel flow is controlled in response to a temperature measurement associated with the oxidizer.

Mixing device for an exhaust gas purification system

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixing device for mixing the exhaust gases that flow in an exhaust gas pipe (1) of an internal combustion with a reducing agent and to an exhaust gas purification system comprising a mixing device of this type. According to the invention, a mixing body (12, 112, 132) that can be positioned in the exhaust gas pipe is provided with a gas impact surface (15, 115, 160) and a stream impact surface (14, 114, 161) in such a way that the exhaust gas flowing out of the internal combustion engine strikes the gas impact surface (15, 115, 160) and the reducing agent that can be supplied transversely to the exhaust gas flow strikes the stream impact surface (14, 114, 161). The stream impact surface (14, 114, 160) and the gas impact surface (15, 115, 160) form disjointed sub-sections of the surface of the mixing body (12, 112, 132). The mixing device distributes the reducing agent uniformly over the cross-section of the exhaust pipe and mixes said agent uniformly with the exhaust gas.

Micro Air Injection and Its Unsteady Response in a Low-Speed Axial Compressor

Abstract: A new approach, steady micro air injection from the casing, is proposed to improve the stability of a three-stage low-speed axial compression system. Although the injection rate is designated to be only a few ten thousandth of the compressor flow rate, such an injection is able to trigger the unsteady response and thus lower the mass flow rate at stall for up to 5.83%. At the same time, it keeps the steady compressor characteristic with no injection unchanged. In order to verify that the compressor response is indeed unsteady, experiments at various injection configurations are performed, which include different injection angles, axial gaps between injector and blade leading edge, radial penetration of injector and the amount of injected air. Evidences of the unsteady response are further demonstrated through dynamic signal analysis using a wavelet-based method to show the behavior of early flow disturbances under the influence of injection. Numerical analyses performed at near stall condition show that the tip clearance vortices do response to the micro-injection, and thus delay the inception of stall.

Apparatus for supply of recirculated exhaust gas

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for supplying recirculated exhaust gases to incoming air to a piston-type internal combustion engine. The apparatus comprises a duct (2) for incoming air and a feed pipe (1) for said exhaust gases and is especially well characterized in that the feed pipe (1) opens out into an outlet section (3) comprising a t least one outlet (4) for the supply of the exhaust gases, which outlet section constitutes an outlet path (a) extended in the longitudinal direction of the duct.

Method and system of adaptive learning for engine exhaust gas sensors

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

System and method for air flow and EGR flow estimation

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation systems directs exhaust gasses from an exhaust manifold to an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine The exhaust gasses travel from the exhaust manifold, first passing through a flow control valve and then through a measuring orifice before entering the intake manifold Pressure upstream of the orifice is used, along with correction pressure downstream of the orifice, to measure and control exhaust gas flow Further, manifold pressure is determined from downstream pressure and the used along with the measured exhaust gas flow to calculated a cylinder air charge amount

Fuel cell system and method for recycling exhaust

Abstract: A fuel cell system (1) and method in which fuel exhaust from a fuel cell stack (6) is recycled to a fuel side stack inlet (5) by way of a fuel exhaust recycle line (8) and a jet pump (4). A primary fuel stream at an inlet (3) provides the motive power for the jet pump and the jet pump (4) has a variable nozzle geometry to entrain variable proportions of fuel exhaust in the primary fuel in order to maintain desired fuel flow volumes across the anode-side of the fuel cell stack on turndown of the stack and to facilitate enhanced fuel utilization by the stack.

Apparatus for detecting fault in exhaust system of internal combustion engine

Abstract: An apparatus for reliably and quickly detecting a fault in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, based on an output of an air/fuel ratio sensor mounted in the exhaust system. The apparatus includes: a control unit which provides a rich air/fuel ratio forcefully and continuously when detecting the presence or absence of a fault in the exhaust system; and a determining unit which determines that there is a fault in the exhaust system when the sensor mounted in the exhaust system does not produce an output that corresponds to the rich air/fuel ratio being provided under control of the control unit. The detection accuracy of the apparatus is enhanced by making provisions to perform the exhaust system fault detection when the engine is in an idling state in which the fluctuation in pressure is large and the effect of exhaust pipe leakage is most pronounced.

Method and system for controlling temperature of an internal combustion engine exhaust gas aftertreatment device

Abstract: A method for controlling torque in an internal combustion engine to cause an increase in temperature in an exhaust aftertreatment device is disclosed. One group cylinders feed exhaust gases to one exhaust aftertreatment device and another group of cylinders feed exhaust gases to another exhaust aftertreatment device. By operating the groups of cylinders at different operating conditions, the desired temperature in one of the exhaust aftertreatment devices can be achieved while also providing driver demanded torque.

Method and apparatus for starting a combined cycle power plant

Abstract: A combined cycle power plant ( 10 ) utilizing an air injection apparatus ( 60 ) for lowering the temperature and raising the mass of the exhaust gas provided to the heat recovery steam generator ( 22 ) from the gas turbine portion ( 12 ) of the plant. The air injection apparatus is utilized during startup of the plant to permit the gas turbine portion to be operated at a power level sufficiently high to ensure compliance with emissions regulations while at the same time not exceeding an upper exhaust temperature limit for warming the steam generator. The augmented exhaust stream ( 76 ) allows the steam generator to more quickly generate enough steam to roll the steam turbine ( 30 ), thereby shortening the overall startup sequence.

Fuel saving and pollution emission reduction system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: A fuel saving and pollution emission reduction system (10) that utilizes an air ionizer (58) that is easily attached inline between a vehicle air-intake hose (106) and a fuel infection throttle body ( 108) or a carburetor air-intake structure (110), The air ionizer, which functions with either gasoline or diesel fuel engines is operated by an electronic ionizer control unit (12) The unit (12) is located within the confines of the vehicle's engine compartment and ,is operated by a 12-volt d-c power source (104) derived from the vehicle's battery (102) When air from the vehicle air-intake hose (106) passes through the air ionizer (12) the air is ionised and is mixed with the non-ionised air to produce an oxygen-enriched fuel-air mixture The oxygen-enriched mixture allows a fuel saving and produces a cleaner burning fuel which reduces hydro-carbon exhaust emission levels

Use of a variable valve actuation system to control the exhaust gas temperature and space velocity of aftertreatment system feedgas

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature and/or space velocity of exhaust gas passing through an aftertreatment device disposed in the exhaust system of a diesel engine provides an optimal environment for efficient conversion of NOx and undesirable emissions during transient and steady state engine operation. The method includes controlling intake and/or exhaust valve timing, either singly or in combination with fuel injection timing and selective individual cylinder cutout, in response to sensed engine operating parameters.

Device for reducing a level of nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine

Abstract: The device is configured to catalytically reduce internal combustion engine exhaust gases which contain nitrogen oxides. The device has an exhaust pipe, one end of which can be connected to at least one exhaust outlet of the internal combustion engine. A reducing agent, in particular urea, is introduced into the exhaust pipe with a feed device. At least one mixer is arranged downstream of the reducing agent injection, as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The mixer has a multiplicity of passages through which the fluid can flow. At least one catalytic converter is arranged downstream of the mixer. At least one diffuser is located between the mixer and the converter. The diffuser which has a multiplicity of passages through which the exhaust gas can flow and which have a cross section which increases in the flow direction.

System for estimating NOx content of exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A system for estimating NOx content of exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine includes a control computer operable to estimate an exhaust temperature corresponding to temperature of exhaust gas produced by the engine, to determine an EGR fraction corresponding to a fractional amount of recirculated exhaust gas present in an air charge supplied to the engine, and to estimate an emissions index, corresponding to a fuel rate normalized, mass-based NOx concentration of the exhaust gas produced by the engine, as a function of the exhaust temperature and the EGR fraction. The control computer is further operable to determine a mass flow rate of fresh air entering the intake manifold and a fuel mass flow rate, and estimate the NOx content by volume of the exhaust gas produced by the engine as a function of charge mass flow value, the fuel mass flow value and the emissions index value.