Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 2008"

Systems and methods for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for turbine engines

Abstract: Systems and methods may be provided for exhaust gas recirculation The systems and methods may include receiving, via an intake section, inlet air at an input of a compressor, generating compressed air at the compressor using the received inlet air, and providing the compressed air from the compressor to a combustor, where the combustor produces combustion involving the compressed air and fuel The systems and methods may also include receiving combustion products associated with the combustion at a turbine component, where the turbine component releases exhaust gases, and recirculating at least a portion of the exhaust gases to the intake section via a recirculation line, where the recirculated exhaust gases raise a temperature of the inlet air

Exhaust purification apparatus for engine

Abstract: An exhaust purification apparatus comprises an ammonia selective reduction-type NOx catalyst that selectively reduces NOx within exhaust gas by using ammonia as a reducing agent, a urea-water supply device that supplies urea-water into the exhaust gas existing upstream of the ammonia selective reduction-type NOx catalyst, and a control unit. The control unit controls the urea-water supply device so that the urea-water is intermittently supplied according to predetermined supply duration time and predetermined supply suspension time when the urea-water is supplied from the urea-water supply device for the purpose of providing ammonia to the ammonia selective reduction-type NOx catalyst.

Removal of particulates from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines operated with a predominantly stoichiometric air/fuel mixture

Abstract: The exhaust gas of combustion engines operated with a predominantly stoichiometric air/fuel mixture contains very fine particles in addition to the gaseous harmful hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Once the EU-5 exhaust emission standard is introduced in Europe in 2010, the emission of said particles from gasoline-powered vehicles will for the first time be limited by law. Future emission control systems of said vehicles will have to be equipped with devices for removing said particles. Disclosed are a catalytically active particle filter, an emission control system, and a method for purifying the exhaust gases of combustion engines operated predominantly in a stoichiometric manner. Said filter, system, and method are suitable for removing particles from the exhaust gas in addition to the gaseous harmful CO, HC, and NOx. The particle filter comprises a filter element and a catalytically active coating composed of two layers. The first layer is in contact with the inflowing exhaust gas while the second layer is in contact with the outflowing exhaust gas. Both layers contain aluminum oxide. The first layer contains palladium, and the second layer contains an oxygen-storing mixed Cer/zirconium oxide in addition to rhodium.

Closed loop control of exhaust system fluid dosing

Abstract: An exhaust line fuel injection system and associated methods of operation and control are disclosed. The fuel passes through a regulating valve connected to a pressurized fuel source and an outlet connected to an exhaust system fuel supply line. The exhaust system fuel supply line is connected to a nozzle, which generally comprises a check-valve and is configured to inject the fuel into the exhaust line. Using a pressure measuring device, an indication of the exhaust system fuel supply line pressure is obtained. A controller provides control over the flow regulating valve using feedback from the pressure indication and a predetermined relationship between the flow rate through the nozzle and one of the exhaust system fuel supply line pressure and the pressure drop across the nozzle. The method can be implemented with a single pressure measuring device. The same pressure measurements, especially their frequency spectrum, can be used to detect system faults.

Exhaust system implementing SCR and EGR

Abstract: An exhaust system (18) for use with an engine (10) is disclosed. The exhaust system may have an exhaust passageway (26), a reduction catalyst (38) located within the exhaust passageway, and a particulate filter (34) located within the exhaust passageway upstream of the reduction catalyst. The exhaust system may also have an oxidation catalyst (44) located within the exhaust passageway upstream of the reduction catalyst to provide a desired ratio of NO:NO2 to the reduction catalyst, and an exhaust gas recirculation loop (22). The exhaust gas recirculation loop may be situated to receive exhaust from the exhaust passageway at a location upstream of the oxidation catalyst and downstream of the particulate filter.

Air Injection in Water with Different Nozzles

Abstract: Air injection systems have a wide range of environmental engineering applications. In this study, we conducted experiments on air injection in a relatively large water tank to investigate the effect of nozzle type, including single/multiple orifice nozzles and a porous airstone, on the characteristics of the bubbles and the induced flow structure. Measurements of bubble characteristics and flow field surrounding the bubble core were obtained using a double-tip optical probe and particle image velocimetry, respectively. The results revealed that bubble velocity did not change significantly with different nozzles, but bubble size decreased significantly while interfacial area, liquid entrainment rate, and kinetic energy of the mean and turbulent flow increased significantly by using the porous airstone instead of nozzles with large orifices. The results for a nozzle with multiple orifices of small diameter are comparable to those for the airstone, which suggests the suitability of its use for systems susceptible to clogging of the pores. Correlations using adequate length and velocity scales are also proposed to describe both bubble and liquid flow characteristics. Finally, applications of the results for different artificial aeration/mixing systems are presented.

Exhaust system implementing feedforward and feedback control

Abstract: An exhaust system for use with a combustion engine is disclosed. The exhaust system may have an exhaust passageway, and a reduction catalyst disposed within the exhaust passageway. The exhaust system may also have a first sensor located to generate a first signal indicative of an operational parameter of the reduction catalyst, and a second sensor located to generate a second signal indicative of a performance parameter of the reduction catalyst. The exhaust system may further have an injection device located to inject reductant upstream of the reduction catalyst, and a controller in communication with the combustion engine, the first sensor, the second sensor, and the injection device. The controller may be configured to determine a NO X production of the combustion engine, determine an amount of reductant that should be injected based on the NO X production and the first signal, and adjust the amount based on the second signal.

Device for the distribution of flowable additives in exhaust gas systems

Abstract: A device is provided for the distribution of flowable additives in exhaust gas systems of an internal combustion engine, in particular for the distribution of a water/urea mixture in an exhaust gas system of a diesel engine, having an injection device in particular opening into the exhaust tract before a so-called SRC catalytic converter, with a swirl generation device being provided for the improvement of the mixing of the exhaust gas with the additive in the introduction region of the additive in the exhaust tract.

Air/fuel imbalance monitor using an oxygen sensor

Abstract: Air/fuel imbalance monitoring systems and methods for monitoring air/fuel ratio imbalance of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of engine cylinders are provided herein. An example of the method may include routing exhaust gas from a first group of cylinders to an exhaust gas oxygen sensor, and during selected operating conditions, indicating that air/fuel of at least one cylinder in the first group is imbalanced based on a response of the exhaust gas oxygen sensor at frequencies at or above firing frequency of the cylinders in the first group. An example of the system may include an exhaust gas oxygen sensor positioned in such a way that exhaust gas from the group of engine cylinders are routed to the exhaust gas oxygen sensor, and a controller configured to during selected operating conditions, indicate that air/fuel of at least one cylinder in the group is imbalanced based on a response of the exhaust gas oxygen sensor at frequencies at or above firing frequency of the cylinders in the group.

Exhaust recirculation device for internal combustion engine

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exhaust recirculation device for an internal combustion engine capable of appropriately achieving high supercharging by means of, for example, a twin scroll type turbocharger. SOLUTION: The exhaust recirculation device (10) for an internal combustion engine includes, in its exhaust system, the turbocharger (100 or the like) having a turbine, a first exhaust passage (209) including a first confluence portion (209a) where first exhaust gas from a first cylinder group (#1 and #4) joins and introducing the first exhaust gas to the turbocharger, a second exhaust passage (210) including a second confluence portion (210a) where second exhaust gas from a second cylinder group (#3 and #4) joins and introducing the second exhaust gas to the turbocharger, a first scroll section (121) for introducing the first exhaust gas from the first exhaust passage to the turbine (170), a second scroll section (122) for introducing the second exhaust gas from the second exhaust passage to the turbine, a first bypass passage (131) for causing the first exhaust gas introduced to the first scroll section to bypass the turbine and also communicating with an EGR passage (310) for recirculating the first exhaust gas as EGR gas to an intake system, and a second bypass passage (132) for causing the second exhaust gas to bypass the turbine. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

System for recovering engine exhaust energy

Abstract: A system for recovering engine exhaust energy is provided. The system includes an exhaust system including a first exhaust branch and a second exhaust branch. The system includes a first and a second group of exhaust valves associated with a plurality of engine cylinders. The system also includes an energy recovering assembly. The system further includes a control mechanism configured to control at least one of the first and second groups of exhaust valves according to a determined timing strategy based on at least one engine operating parameter.

Exhaust system having parallel asymmetric turbochargers and EGR

Abstract: An exhaust system for a use with a combustion engine is provided. The exhaust system may have a first exhaust manifold configured to receive exhaust from the engine, and a first turbocharger driven by exhaust from the first exhaust manifold. The exhaust system may also have a second exhaust manifold configured to receive exhaust from the engine in parallel with the first exhaust manifold, and a second turbocharger driven by exhaust from the second exhaust manifold and having a different flow capacity than the first turbocharger. The exhaust system may further have an exhaust gas recirculation circuit in fluid communication with the second exhaust manifold.

Control of an exhaust gas aftertreatment device in a hybrid vehicle

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for maintaining temperature in an exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine in a hybrid vehicle. The engine has a crankshaft and at least one cylinder. The hybrid vehicle has a fuel storage device and a fuel supply device. An exhaust gas treatment device is located downstream of the cylinder. The method comprises, in an engine off mode, pumping air to the exhaust gas aftertreatment device controlling the fuel supply device so that fuel is allowed to the exhaust gas aftertreatment device. Air flow to the exhaust gas aftertreatment device can be controlled by a throttle in an inlet duct to the engine and/or the fuel supply device to control the combustion and air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas treatment device.

Secondary air system for a combustion engine breathing system

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention includes a method comprising: in a combustion engine breathing system having an air intake side and a combustion exhaust side, injecting air from the air intake side into the combustion gas exhaust side.

Internal combustion engine exhaust gas control system and control method of internal combustion engine exhaust gas control system

Abstract: In a control method of an internal combustion engine exhaust gas control system which is applied to a hybrid vehicle that is powered by an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, an exhaust throttle valve, provided downstream of an exhaust gas control catalyst, is controlled to reduce its opening amount to a target opening amount when it is determined that warm-up control of the internal combustion engine needs to be executed. Next, a target injection quantity of fuel necessary to increase the temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the internal combustion engine to a target exhaust gas temperature is calculated. Then, assist torque from the electric motor is adjusted so that the sum of torque from the internal combustion engine when the fuel injection quantity has been set to the target injection quantity and the assist torque substantially equals a required torque.

Treatment of diesel engine exhaust

Abstract: A diesel exhaust treatment system for treating exhaust gas from a diesel engine comprises at least one diesel particulate filter, at least one diesel exhaust fluid mixing chamber and at least one selective catalytic reduction converter (SCR). In one desirable embodiment, plural diesel particulate filters are arranged in parallel and plural SCRs are arranged in parallel. These components including the diesel exhaust fluid mixing chamber can be included in a common housing with the exhaust flow reversing directions a plurality of times as it passes through the treatment system from an exhaust inlet to an exhaust outlet. The housing can be coupled to one vehicle frame rail with most of the housing and components contained therein positioned outside the outer surface of the one frame rail.

Apparatus for cleaning exhaust aftertreatment devices and methods

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pulse cleaner for cleaning a diesel exhaust treatment device. The pulse cleaner includes a cabinet, a diesel exhaust treatment device mount positioned within the cabinet for mounting the diesel exhaust treatment device during pulse cleaning, and a collection filter positioned within the cabinet for collecting material displaced from the diesel exhaust treatment device during cleaning. The pulse cleaner also includes a pulse generator for generating pulses that are each directed at a majority of a face of the diesel exhaust treatment device when the diesel exhaust treatment device is mounted at the diesel exhaust treatment device mount. The pulse generator includes a pressure tank for accumulating pressurized air, and a valve arrangement that flushes the pressurized air from the tank. A pulse of air for cleaning the diesel exhaust treatment device is generated each time the tank is flushed.

Fuel injection device and fuel injection system

Abstract: A fuel injection device includes a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel, which is distributed from a pressure-accumulation vessel. A pressure sensor is located in a fuel passage, which extends from the pressure-accumulation vessel to a nozzle hole, and configured to detect pressure of the fuel. The pressure sensor is located closer to the nozzle hole than the pressure-accumulation vessel. A storage unit stores individual difference information, which indicates an injection characteristic of the fuel injection valve, the injection characteristic being obtained by an examination. The individual difference information is related to a fluctuation pattern of a portion of the fluctuation in detected pressure waveform of the pressure sensor. The fluctuation is attributed to one fuel injection through the nozzle hole. The portion of the fluctuation is subsequent to an end of the fuel injection.

Exhaust gas flow device

Abstract: A flow device for an exhaust treatment system includes a base and at least one flow deflector tube secured to the base. The flow deflector tube includes a flow inlet, a flow outlet, and a passage that extends through the flow deflector tube from the flow inlet to the flow outlet. The flow outlet is at an angled orientation to the flow inlet. A method of mixing reactants and exhaust in an exhaust treatment system includes the steps of injecting reactants into exhaust gases flowing through an exhaust conduit used to convey the exhaust gases from an engine. Bent tubes are disposed in the exhaust conduit and used to mix the exhaust gases and the reactants.

Air-injection system to improve effectiveness of selective catalytic reduction catalyst for gasoline engines

Abstract: Embodiments are described to improve the durability of a lean NOx aftertreatment system. According to one embodiment of the present invention an air injection system is used to inject air continuously into the exhaust system between the upstream three-way catalyst and the downstream selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst when the engine is operating at stoichiometric or rich air/fuel ratios and the exhaust temperatures are above a calibratible level (e.g., 700° C.). In another embodiment, an oxidation catalyst is positioned downstream of the air injection point to prevent exothermic reactions from occurring on the SCR. In another embodiment, the reductant for the SCR is generated in-situ. In yet another embodiment, a diverter valve with a reduction catalyst in a bypass arm is utilized to bypass the SCR during high load conditions.

Recirculation of exhaust gas condensate

Abstract: Systems for operating on an internal combustion engine coupled to an exhaust conduit and an intake conduit include an exhaust gas recirculation conduit in fluid communication with the exhaust conduit, a heat exchanger coupled to the exhaust gas recirculation conduit to cool at least a portion of the amount of exhaust, a liquid accumulator adapted to accumulate liquid from at least a portion of the amount of exhaust, and a condensate conduit coupled to the liquid accumulator. Methods of operating an engine include: receiving an exhaust gas recirculation stream from a main exhaust stream, cooling the exhaust gas recirculation stream, removing at least some condensate from the exhaust gas recirculation stream after cooling, and adding at least some of the condensate removed from the exhaust gas recirculation stream to the main exhaust stream and/or to an inlet charge of the engine.

Control device for internal combustion engine equipped with turbocharger

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine including a turbocharger including a first exhaust channel leading to a turbine of the turbocharger, a second exhaust channel that does not lead to the turbine, a first exhaust valve that opens and closes the first exhaust channel, a second exhaust valve that opens and closes the second exhaust channel, and an exhaust variable valve mechanism that has a medium cam and a small cam as cams that drive the second exhaust valve and can change a lift amount and a working angle of the second exhaust valve by switching the cam profiles. The adjustment of the amount of exhaust energy supplied to the turbine and the adjustment of the turbine revolution speed and supercharge pressure are performed by switching the cam profiles of the second exhaust valve.

Spray and mixture properties of evaporating fuel spray injected by hole-type direct injection diesel injector

Abstract: The spray and mixture properties are the vital factors that control the fuel—air mixing formation, subsequent combustion, and exhaust emission processes in direct injection (DI) diesel engines. In the current study, by means of the ultraviolet-visible laser absorption-scattering (LAS) technique, the spray and mixture properties of the evaporating fuel spray injected by hole-type DI diesel injector are quantitatively investigated under various injection conditions in terms of spray tip penetration, spray cone angle, equivalence ratio distributions of liquid/vapour phases, mass of ambient gas entrained, and evaporation ratio etc. The principle and imaging procedures of the LAS technique are first summarized and discussed. Then, the effects of injection pressure and nozzle hole diameter on the spray and mixture properties are examined in particular. The results show that — for the injection system and ambient conditions in this study — increasing the injection pressure from 90 MPa to 120 MPa results ...

A Single-Chamber SOFC Stack Operating in Engine Exhaust

Abstract: Heat engines emit huge amounts of exhaust which contain considerable quantities of heat and chemical energies An increasing public awareness of global warming and oil depletion has required the development of innovative methods of recovering energy from such exhaust A promising approach is to produce electricity from unburned fuel by using a fuel cell system The exhaust includes cracked-light hydrocarbons, offering the possibility of applying this system to a power generator Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can work at elevated temperatures but have poor thermal and mechanical shock resistance In this study, we address this problem by operating the fuel cell system in a single-chamber mode, wherein no separation between fuel and oxidant gases is required This operation provides high tolerance toward thermal cycling and breakage of the electrolyte As a result, a twelve-cell stack exhibits stable and high performance in the exhaust from a motorcycle

Exhaust temperature and pressure modeling systems and methods

Abstract: An exhaust control system for a vehicle comprises an exhaust system modeling module and an actuator control module. The exhaust system modeling module estimates an input gas temperature, an output gas temperature, a mass temperature, and a pressure for an exhaust system component of an exhaust system implemented in the vehicle. Exhaust gas flows through the exhaust system component. The actuator control module selectively adjusts an engine operating parameter based on at least one of the input gas temperature, the output gas temperature, the mass temperature, and the pressure.

System and method for controlling exhaust stream temperature

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for controlling an exhaust stream temperature at a point along an exhaust system. The exhaust system can include an oxidation catalyst, a particulate filter having an outlet, and a fuel injector for injecting fuel into an exhaust stream at a location upstream from the outlet. An adaptive control can be provided to model a portion of the exhaust system. A fuel injection flow rate at which fuel is injected into the exhaust stream by the fuel injector can be calculated based on the adaptive control model. An operation of the fuel injector can be controlled based on the calculated fuel injection flow rate, to control the exhaust stream temperature at point along the exhaust system. A condition of the exhaust stream can also monitored and an error in the adaptive control model can be determined based on the monitored condition. The adaptive control model can also be changed to reduce the error.

Exhaust after-treatment system operating method for motor vehicle, involves regulating condition of catalyzer as continues input variable of engine control for regulation of exhaust after-treatment system

Abstract: The method involves inserting an exhaust gas catalytic converter into a metal conductive housing. Continuous time process of a chemical catalyzer loading and/or unloading of the exhaust gas catalytic converter is detected in a contact less manner using microwave signal. The microwave signal is coupled and/or decoupled using an antenna (1). The condition of the catalyzer is regulated as continues input variable of an engine control for the regulation of an exhaust after-treatment system. The characteristics of the microwave signal are extracted. The temperature of the exhaust gas catalytic converter or exhaust gas and air-fuel ratio or air-mass throughput serve as other input variables. An independent claim is also included for a device for controlling an exhaust after-treatment system of a motor vehicle.