Secondary air injection

About: Secondary air injection is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11452 publications have been published within this topic receiving 112147 citations.

Effect of secondary air injection on axial solid holdup distribution in a circulating fluidized bed

Abstract: The effects of secondary air ratio (0–50%), height of injection port (1.5–2.5 m) and injection types (radial and tangential) on the axial solid holdup distribution have been determined in a circulating fluidized bed (0.1 m I.D. × 5.3 m high). As the secondary air ratio is increased, solid holdup increases below the secondary air port, whereas it decreases slightly above the secondary air injection port. The dense bed height increases with increasing height of the secondary air injection port. Different types of secondary air injection system do not produce any significant difference in the overall axial solid holdup distribution. However, solid holdup just above the injection port in a tangential secondary air injection system exhibits somewhat higher values than those of radial secondary air injection system. The effect of secondary air injection on the axial solid holdup distribution in a circulating fluidized bed can be predicted by a modified freeboard-entrainment model with decay constants determined from the proposed correlation.

Metering system for an internal combustion engine for influencing the operating mixture

Abstract: A metering system for an internal combustion engine with an electronic control unit (22) for influencing at least one of the constituents of the operating mixture and with a first exhaust measuring probe (20) arranged in the exhaust duct (18) of the internal combustion engine (10), the output signal from which probe together with other operating variables of the internal combustion engine (10) such as load, speed or temperature etc. is fed to the control unit (22) and is further processed inside the control unit (22) by way of a control function, with an exhaust catalytic converter (19), arranged downstream after the first exhaust gas probe (20) in the exhaust duct (18) and a second measuring sensor arranged in the exhaust duct (18) is described, in which the second measuring sensor is arranged downstream in the exhaust duct (18) after the exhaust catalytic converter (19) and is designed as second exhaust gas measuring probe (21). The output signal of the second exhaust gas measuring probe (21) is fed to the control unit (22) and inside the control unit (22) is further processed by way of a control function with a time constant different from the time constant of the first control function. It is thereby possible to reduce the pollutant emissions of the internal combustion engine whilst maintaining good handling and optimum consumption. This results in a high control frequency and low control amplitude of the control function, so that the degree of conversion of the catalytic converter is significantly improved.

Disposal method and equipmnt for exhaust gas from combustion system

Abstract: The invention aims at separating carbon dioxide from exhaust combustion gas effectively and making it possible to discharge the residual exhaust combustion gas enriched in the exhaust gas components other than carbon dioxide by the separation of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Air (7) is separated into oxygen (9) and a nitrogen-base gas (10a) in an oxygen separator (8); coal (1) is burnt with the oxygen (9) in a burner (5a) in a combustion furnace (4); an exhaust combustion gas from the furnace (4) is subjected to exhaust gas treatment; a part of the resulting exhaust combustion gas is recycled to the burner (5a), while the remainder is compressed: the carbon dioxide (29) liquefied by the compression is taken out, while the residual exhaust gas component (31) which is not liquefied by compression is mixed and diluted with the nitrogen-base gas (10a) obtained by separating the oxygen (9) from the air (7) in the oxygen separator (8); and the diluted exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere.

Exhaust gas purification

Abstract: A method of removing particulate and other materials from the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine in which the exhaust gas is passed through a bed of charged ferro-electric materials. Three forms of apparatus for carrying out the method are described.

Proportional exhaust sampler system and control means

Abstract: A testing apparatus for measuring the particulate and/or gaseous content of an exhaust source for use in evaluating the exhaust emissions of internal combustion engine provides both fixed flow and proportional flow control of the diluted particulate containing sample. The sample is diluted with carefully metered, clean dry air by means of one or more hybrid electrical-fluid control circuits for remarkably improved response time and accuracy.