Topic
Secondary air injection
About: Secondary air injection is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11452 publications have been published within this topic receiving 112147 citations.
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Patent•
10 Apr 1995TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a three-zone catalytic converter system for controlling exhaust emissions from a combustion engine, where the catalytic converters have three catalysts zones, one in line with the direction of the flow of exhaust and which includes a light-off catalyst such as palladium.
Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic converter system for controlling exhaust emissions from a combustion engine wherein the catalytic converter has three catalysts zones. A zone which is first in line with the direction of the flow of exhaust and which includes a light-off catalyst such as palladium. A second zone in line of the direction of the exhaust flow includes a hydrocarbon adsorber/catalyst. A third zone in line of the direction of the exhaust flow includes a catalyst system converter CO and NOx. The three-zone system of the present invention produces hydrocarbon efficiencies above 98 percent and retains hydrocarbon efficiencies above 50 percent in cold performance situations immediately after start-up of the combustion engine.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a laboratory investigation performed to study the use of air sparging to remediate dissolved-phase and free-phase [or nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL)-phase] benzene pools from ground water.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation performed to study the use of air sparging to remediate dissolved-phase and free-phase [or non-aqueous-phase liquid (NAPL)-phase] benzene pools from ground water. The specific objectives of the study were (1) to assess how air injection rate affects the mass transfer and transport of dissolved- and NAPL-phase pools; and (2) to determine the effect of ground-water flow on the removal of dissolved- and NAPL-phase pools during the application of air sparging. A total of five 2D physical model tests were performed in a homogeneous coarse sand profile subjected to both static ground water and ground-water flow conditions. Three different air injection rates were used in a static ground-water condition, and two different air flow rates were used in soil profiles subjected to ground-water flow (hydraulic gradient = 0.011). All tests were performed with similar initial dissolved- and NAPL-phase benzene conditions. Injected air traveled within a parabol...
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and emission characteristics of olive cake and coal combustion in a bubbling fluidized bed were investigated and the results showed that the combustion efficiency of coal was higher in the freeboard than olive cake due to combustion of hydrocarbons.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-phase flow approach is used to model air injection into groundwater (air sparging) in a homogeneous axially symmetric porous medium, and a numerical method based on the mixed form of the Richards equation for both phases is presented.
44 citations
Patent•
Audi1
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and robust turbocharger giving reduced harmful exhaust emissions during cold engine operation and acceleration is presented, where a separate pipe bypasses the catalyst between exhaust manifold and turbine and has an electrically controlled check valve.
Abstract: An IC engine has an exhaust gas-driven turbocharger with periodic admission of extra fuel and/or air upstream of the turbine for an additional boost. This additional boost is ignited catalytically by the electrical heating of a catalyst. This occurs during while the engine is still cold or during periods of acceleration. Catalytic firing ceases above a certain critical temperature. The catalyst heating is a function of engine load and catalyst temperature. A separate pipe by-passes the catalyst between exhaust manifold and turbine. This by-pass pipe has an electrically controlled check valve. This valve also controls a third pipe leading from the manifold directly to the main exhaust catalyst box, by-passing the turbine altogether. ADVANTAGE - Simple and robust turbocharger giving reduced harmful exhaust emissions during cold engine operation and acceleration.
44 citations