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Showing papers on "Selenium published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is essential to supplement the deficiency of this micronutrient with selenium-enriched food or yeast cell biomass in the diet, as this element has the highest activity as a free radical scavenger and anti-cancer agent.
Abstract: Selenium is a micronutrient that is essential for the proper functioning of all organisms. Studies on the functions of selenium are rapidly developing. This element is a cofactor of many enzymes, for example, glutathione peroxidase or thioredoxin reductase. Insufficient supplementation of this element results in the increased risk of developing many chronic degenerative diseases. Selenium is important for the protection against oxidative stress, demonstrating the highest activity as a free radical scavenger and anti-cancer agent. In food, it is present in organic forms, as exemplified by selenomethionine and selenocysteine. In dietary supplementation, the inorganic forms of selenium (selenite and selenate) are used. Organic compounds are more easily absorbed by human organisms in comparison with inorganic compounds. Currently, selenium is considered an essential trace element of fundamental importance for human health. Extreme selenium deficiencies are widespread among people all over the world. Therefore, it is essential to supplement the deficiency of this micronutrient with selenium-enriched food or yeast cell biomass in the diet.

264 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported that copper selenide nanocatalysts have outstanding performance for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol, and the current density can be as high as 41.5 mA cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 77.6% at a low overpotential of 285 mV.
Abstract: Production of methanol from electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is very attractive. However, achieving high Faradaic efficiency with high current density using facile prepared catalysts remains to be a challenge. Herein we report that copper selenide nanocatalysts have outstanding performance for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol, and the current density can be as high as 41.5 mA cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 77.6% at a low overpotential of 285 mV. The copper and selenium in the catalysts cooperate very well for the formation of methanol. The current density is higher than those reported up to date with very high Faradaic efficiency for producing methanol. As far as we know, this is the first work for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using copper selenide as the catalyst. While the conversion of CO2 to valuable, storable chemicals is attractive, there are few inexpensive and abundant catalysts that are also active and selective for liquid fuels. Here, the authors study copper selenide as a high-performing and efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 conversion to methanol.

238 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles (PF-SeNPs) were prepared from aqueous fruit extract of Emblica officinalis in a facile, green, economic, tactic and eco-friendly way and could find suitable application as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industry.
Abstract: In the present study, phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles (PF-SeNPs) were prepared from aqueous fruit extract of Emblica officinalis in a facile, green, economic, tactic and eco-friendly way. The aqueous fruit extract of E. officinalis was found to be rich with various secondary metabolites including phenolics (59.18 ± 2.91 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoids (38.50 ± 2.84 mg catechin equivalents/g), and tannins (44.28 ± 3.09 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and determined that highly appropriate for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The facile phytofabrication of PF-SeNPs was confirmed by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The XRD pattern and Raman spectroscopy showed that synthesized PF-SeNPs were amorphous in nature. The Zeta potential analysis confirmed that PF-SeNPs were negatively charged (-24.4 mV). The DLS analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were in nano size and less aggregated with poly-dispersity index of less than 0.2. The SEM images depicted that PF-SeNPs were spherical in shape. The EDX analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were constituted with Se (61.60%), C (29.96%), and O (4.41%). The HR-TEM analysis determined that PF-SeNPs were in nano size with an average diameter of 15-40 nm. The PF-SeNPs have offered fascinating bio-potential applications, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and biocompatibility. They have also exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, and EC50 was determined as 15.67 ± 1.41 and 18.84 ± 1.02 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The PF-SeNPs has also shown the wide range of antimicrobial activity on foodborne pathogens, and it was found to be highly efficient on fungi followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The biocompatibility of PF-SeNPs was assessed in N2a cells with much higher IC50 value (dose required to inhibit 50% of cell viability) compared to sodium selenite. Also, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 were much less altered on treatment of PF-SeNPs related to sodium selenite. The cytotoxic studies clearly determined that PF-SeNPs was much less toxic and safer related to sodium selenite. Thus, PF-SeNPs could find suitable application as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industry.

197 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is explored how Ochrobactrum sp.
Abstract: We explored how Ochrobactrum sp. MPV1 can convert up to 2.5 mM selenite within 120 h, surviving the challenge posed by high oxyanion concentrations. The data show that thiol-based biotic chemical reaction(s) occur upon bacterial exposure to low selenite concentrations, whereas enzymatic systems account for oxyanion removal when 2 mM oxyanion is exceeded. The selenite bioprocessing produces selenium nanomaterials, whose size and morphology depend on the bacterial physiology. Selenium nanoparticles were always produced by MPV1 cells, featuring an average diameter ranging between 90 and 140 nm, which we conclude constitutes the thermodynamic stability range for these nanostructures. Alternatively, selenium nanorods were observed for bacterial cells exposed to high selenite concentration or under controlled metabolism. Biogenic nanomaterials were enclosed by an organic material in part composed of amphiphilic biomolecules, which could form nanosized structures independently. Bacterial physiology influences the surface charge characterizing the organic material, suggesting its diverse biomolecular composition and its involvement in the tuning of the nanomaterial morphology. Finally, the organic material is in thermodynamic equilibrium with nanomaterials and responsible for their electrosteric stabilization, as changes in the temperature slightly influence the stability of biogenic compared to chemogenic nanomaterials.

193 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fiducia et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that selenium enables higher luminescence efficiency and longer diffusion lengths in the alloyed material, indicating that Selenium passivates critical defects in the bulk of the absorber layer.
Abstract: Electricity produced by cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic modules is the lowest-cost electricity in the solar industry, and now undercuts fossil fuel-based sources in many regions of the world. This is due to recent efficiency gains brought about by alloying selenium into the CdTe absorber, which has taken cell efficiency from 19.5% to its current record of 22.1%. Although the addition of selenium is known to reduce the bandgap of the absorber material, and hence increase the cell short-circuit current, this effect alone does not explain the performance improvement. Here, by means of cathodoluminescence and secondary ion mass spectrometry, we show that selenium enables higher luminescence efficiency and longer diffusion lengths in the alloyed material, indicating that selenium passivates critical defects in the bulk of the absorber layer. This passivation effect explains the record-breaking performance of selenium-alloyed CdTe devices, and provides a route for further efficiency improvement that can result in even lower costs for solar-generated electricity. Selenium in cadmium telluride solar cells is known to allow bandgap engineering, thus enabling highly efficient devices. Here, Fiducia et al. show that selenium also plays a role in passivating defects in the absorber layer.

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles was found to be significantly effective against Proteus sp.

115 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Selenium (Se) is an essential element for many animals including humans, prokaryotes and a few green algae as discussed by the authors, but for plants, Se essentiality is yet to be demonstrated.
Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential element for many animals including humans, prokaryotes and a few green algae. For plants, Se essentiality is yet to be demonstrated. Nevertheless, it is well r...

110 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current state of understanding of the sources, preparation methods, physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities of selenium and polysaccharide combinations for the discovery of novel therapeutic drugs and adjuvants are summarized.

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigating the effects of different forms and mode of Se application on Se accumulation and speciation in rice suggested that root application of Se may ensure the safe intake of Se through rice and deepens the understanding of the Se species in Se-enriched rice.

94 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that foliar application of a cocktail micronutrient solution represents an effective strategy to biofortify wheat simultaneously with Zn, I, Se and partly with Fe without yield trade-off in wheat.
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted on wheat to study the effects of foliar-applied iodine(I) alone, Zn (zinc) alone, and a micronutrient cocktail solution containing I, Zn, Se (selenium), and Fe (iro...

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
20 Sep 2019
TL;DR: The results indicate that tomato yield was increased by up to 21% with 10 mg L−1 of Se NPs, and the combination of Se and Cu NPs at optimal concentrations could be a good alternative to improve tomato yield and quality, but more studies are needed to elucidate their effects more clearly.
Abstract: The effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on plants are contrasting; these depend on the model plant, the synthesis of the nanoparticles (concentration, size, shape), and the forms of application (foliar, substrate, seeds). For this reason, the objective of this study was to report the impact of different concentrations of selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) NPs on yield, antioxidant capacity, and quality of tomato fruit. The different concentrations of Se and Cu NPs were applied to the substrate every 15 days (five applications). The yield was determined until day 102 after the transplant. Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant compounds were determined in the leaves and fruits as well as the fruit quality at harvest. The results indicate that tomato yield was increased by up to 21% with 10 mg L−1 of Se NPs. In leaves, Se and Cu NPs increased the content of chlorophyll, vitamin C, glutathione, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and phenylalanine ammonia liasa (PAL). In fruits, they increased vitamin C, glutathione, flavonoids, firmness, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity. The combination of Se and Cu NPs at optimal concentrations could be a good alternative to improve tomato yield and quality, but more studies are needed to elucidate their effects more clearly.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The research progress and objective role of selenium in aging and aging-related diseases is reviewed and it is believed that a low level of seenium is beneficial to the human body.
Abstract: Selenium is an essential trace element in the human body and plays an important role in the body via selenoprotein, which contains selenium. Selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, methionine sulfoxide reductase1 and endoplasmic reticulum-selenoproteins, etc.) have antioxidant effects and are involved in regulating antioxidant activities. Aging is an inevitable process and is always accompanied by aging-related diseases. Reactive oxygen species are important initial factors in aging and aging-related diseases. Selenium contributes to the alleviation of reduced reactive oxygen species-mediated inflammation, reduced DNA damage and prolonged telomere length and thereby plays roles in fighting aging and preventing aging-related diseases. In the elderly, aging-related diseases include neuropsychiatric diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and skin aging, among others. Selenium supplementation is an important strategy for anti-aging and the prevention of aging-related diseases and is of great significance for the elderly. However, with the accumulation of related research, selenium supplementation does not necessarily contribute to the prevention of aging and aging-related diseases. It is believed that a low level of selenium is beneficial to the human body. Thus, the effect of selenium on human aging and aging-related diseases is still controversial. This paper reviews the research progress and objective role of selenium in aging and aging-related diseases.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the application of selenium nanoparticles generated a positive effect against salinity in the tomato crop; moreover, it had a positive impact on the content of beneficial biocompounds for human health in tomato fruits.
Abstract: Nanotechnology represents an opportunity to improve the use of elements in agriculture. Selenium is an element that is beneficial to plants and essential to the human diet. The size of nanoparticles gives them characteristics that can enhance the benefits that selenium provides to plants. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, antioxidant responses, and fruit quality of tomato developed under NaCl stress. Four doses of selenium nanoparticles (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg L-1) under NaCl stress, only NaCl, and a control were evaluated. The results showed that the impact of salinity on the growth of the tomato crop can be reduced with the application of selenium nanoparticles. However, the amount of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds significantly increased in the leaves and fruits of tomato. The results suggest that the application of selenium nanoparticles generated a positive effect against salinity in the tomato crop; moreover, it had a positive impact on the content of beneficial biocompounds for human health in tomato fruits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, field trials were conducted to investigate the biofortification of selenium (Se) in wheat and also to assess the influence of foliar application of Se (as sodium selenate) on the metabolism of carbohydrates, nitrogen contents, and on the antioxidant system of the plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results showed that selenate was more efficient than selenite in improving total Se, and the highest tuber Se concentration was obtained at the tuber bulking stage, suggesting that the foliar application of Se-rich potatoes is appropriate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fungi Aureobasidium pullulans, Mortierella humilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Phoma glomerata were used to investigate the formation of selenium- and tellurium-containing nanoparticles during growth on selenum- and tellingerium- containing media, resulting in extensive precipitation of elemental seenium andTellurium on fungal surfaces.
Abstract: The fungi Aureobasidium pullulans, Mortierella humilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Phoma glomerata were used to investigate the formation of selenium- and tellurium-containing nanoparticles during growth on selenium- and tellurium-containing media. Most organisms were able to grow on both selenium- and tellurium-containing media at concentrations of 1 mM resulting in extensive precipitation of elemental selenium and tellurium on fungal surfaces as observed by the red and black colour changes. Red or black deposits were confirmed as elemental selenium and tellurium, respectively. Selenium oxide and tellurium oxide were also found after growth of Trichoderma harzianum with 1 mM selenite and tellurite as well as the formation of elemental selenium and tellurium. The hyphal matrix provided nucleation sites for metalloid deposition with extracellular protein and extracellular polymeric substances localizing the resultant Se or Te nanoparticles. These findings are relevant to remedial treatments for selenium and tellurium and to novel approaches for selenium and tellurium biorecovery.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Apr 2019
TL;DR: The results of this investigation showed that both AMF and selenium application represent environmentally friendly strategies to enhance the overall yield and quality performances of shallot bulbs, as well as their seenium content.
Abstract: Plant biofortification with selenium in interaction with the application of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-based formulate, with the goal of enhancing Se bioavailability, is beneficial for the development of the environmentally friendly production of functional food with a high content of this microelement. Research was carried out in order to assess the effects of an AMF-based formulate and a non-inoculated control in factorial combination with two selenium treatments with an organic (selenocystine) or inorganic form (sodium selenate) and a non-treated control on the yield, quality, antioxidant properties, and elemental composition of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). Selenocystine showed the best effect on the growth and yield of mycorrhized plants, whereas sodium selenate was the most effective on the non-inoculated plants. The soluble solids, total sugars, monosaccharides, titratable acidity, and proteins attained higher values upon AMF inoculation. Sodium selenate resulted in higher soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharide content, and titratable acidity than the non-treated control, and it also resulted in higher monosaccharides when compared to selenocystine; the latter showed higher protein content than the control. Calcium, Na, S, and Cl bulb concentrations were higher in the plants inoculated with the beneficial microorganisms. Calcium and sodium concentrations were higher in the bulbs of plants treated with both the selenium forms than in the control. Selenocystine-treated plants showed enhanced accumulation of sulfur and chlorine compared to the untreated plants. The AMF inoculation increased the bulb selenium content by 530%, and the Se biofortification with selenocystine and sodium selenate increased this value by 36% and 21%, respectively, compared to control plants. The AMF-based formulate led to increases in ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity when compared to the non-inoculated control. The bulb ascorbic acid was increased by fortification with both selenium forms when compared to the non-treated control. The results of our investigation showed that both AMF and selenium application represent environmentally friendly strategies to enhance the overall yield and quality performances of shallot bulbs, as well as their selenium content.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a confined annealing method was developed to convert pristine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) directly into selenium/selenide/carbon composites.

Journal ArticleDOI
Yanan Wan1, Kang Wang1, Zhe Liu1, Yao Yu1, Qi Wang1, Huafen Li1 
TL;DR: It is found that the supplementation of both Se forms decreased the Cd accumulations in the roots and shoots of the rice plants, and the CAT activity in the rice roots increased compared with applying only Cd.
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is absorbed readily by rice plants and is transferred to humans when contaminated rice is consumed. Adding selenium (Se) to the plant nutrient solutions reduces the accumulation of Cd in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. However, as the relevant underlying mechanism remains unclear, the aim of our study was to improve our understanding of the Se-mediated resistance to Cd stress in rice. We conducted hydroponic experiments to study the effects of selenite or selenate on Cd subcellular distribution and xylem transport in rice seedlings under Cd stress, and we investigated the antioxidative defense responses in the rice plants. We found that the supplementation of both Se forms decreased the Cd accumulations in the roots and shoots of the rice plants. The selenite addition significantly decreased the Cd contents in different subcellular fractions of the rice roots, increased the proportion of Cd distributed to soluble cytosol by 23.41%, and decreased the Cd distribution in the organelle by 28.74% in contrast with the treatment with Cd only. As regards the selenate addition, only the Cd distribution ratio of cytosol was increased by 13.07%. After adding selenite, a decrease of 55.86% in the Cd concentration in xylem sap was observed, whereas little change was found after treatment co-applied with selenate. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents in the rice roots were elevated under Cd stress, and the addition of selenite and selenate decreased the H2O2 levels by 77.78% and 59.26%, respectively. Co-exposure to Cd and Se elevated the glutathione (GSH) accumulations in the rice shoots and roots, with the degree of increase being the following: co-applied with selenite > co-applied with selenate > Cd alone treatment. Exposure to Cd increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the roots significantly, whereas it decreased in the shoots. After selenite or selenate supplementation, the CAT activity in the rice roots increased compared with applying only Cd. Compared with the control, the addition of Cd or Se had no significant effect on the activities of peroxidase (POD) or ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Our results showed that Se affected the Cd accumulation in rice seedlings by altering the Cd subcellular distribution and decreasing the ROS induced by Cd stress. Such effects were more significant in the selenite than in the selenate applied treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2019-Nucleus
TL;DR: It is suggested that Nano-Se as an antioxidant can serve as a potential chemopreventive agent with reduced risk of selenium toxicity and caused less bone marrow cell death and prevented DNA damage, compared to other forms of Selenium.
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) provide versatile means to reduce the toxicity, enhance bioactivity and improve targeting of cells. The antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, or bioavailability and toxicity, of selenium depend on its chemical form. In the present study the effects of nano-selenium (Nano-Se) was compared with inorganic and organic selenium on the basis of their antioxidative activities and hematological parameters in Swiss albino mice. At an oral dose of 2 mg Se/kg b.w. per day administered for consecutive 28 days, both forms of selenium suppressed mice growth rather than Nano-Se. Abnormal liver and kidney function were more pronounced with selenite treatment than Nano-Se as indicated by the increase of hepatotoxic and renal toxic marker in serum and also confirmed by histological examination. After being treated with different forms of selenium it can be seen that the activity of enzymes have increased considerably in case of Nano-Se. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles, caused less bone marrow cell death and prevented DNA damage, compared to other forms of selenium. Our results suggest that Nano-Se as an antioxidant can serve as a potential chemopreventive agent with reduced risk of selenium toxicity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of selenium biofortification on selenum content, other minerals, and antioxidant compounds as they pertain to human health are considered in order to suggest optimal strategies for biofortified foods.
Abstract: Selenium supplementation in humans has been suggested for the prevention of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Selenium biofortification of plants has been explored as a method for increasing selenium content of food and dietary selenium intake in humans. However, the effects of selenium biofortification on other dietary nutrients is often a secondary discussion. These effects are especially important to explore considering selenium-biofortified foods contain many other nutrients important to human health, such as other minerals and antioxidant compounds, which can make these foods superior to selenium supplementation alone. Investigation of selenium biofortification’s effect on these nutrients is necessary for a comprehensive human nutrition perspective on biofortification strategies. This review considers the effects of selenium biofortification on selenium content, other minerals, and antioxidant compounds as they pertain to human health in order to suggest optimal strategies for biofortification. Pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing the effects of consumption of selenium biofortified foods are also discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings apparently revealed the cytotoxic potential of SeNPs + X-ray combination in the lung cancer cell lines.
Abstract: Selinium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with minimal toxicity and efficient antioxidant properties were reported earlier for their anti-carcinogenic influence against various types of cancers, thus elevating its potential. In the present study, the anti-carcinogenic effect of selenium nanoparticles against lung cancer was studied. Selenium nanoparticles were biosynthesized and were characterized using UV- Vis absorption spectroscopy. A decrease in the absorption intensity was recorded with the increase in time, which represented the protein consumption during the reduction of SeO32− to Se0. The calculated average crystalline size from XRD studies of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles was found to be 88.89 nm which was in accordance with the TEM analysis while the SAED pattern has disclosed hexagonal ring structure with diffraction ring pattern.MTT assay was performed to evaluate the radio-sensitizing effect of selenium nanoparticles under the X-ray influence against cancer as well as healthy cell lines. SeNPs showed potent cytotoxicity effect in cancer cells whereas it showed relatively less toxic effect in normal healthy cells. However, caspase-3 activity was even more elevated when subjected to X-ray exposure than in the absence. These findings apparently revealed the cytotoxic potential of SeNPs + X-ray combination in the lung cancer cell lines.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects is summarized.
Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological condi...

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Jul 2019
TL;DR: Selenium at the concentrations of 1 and 5 μM increased the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to oxidative stress caused by a WD by increasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and it also limited the damage of plasma membranes as a result of the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of selenium in the roots of Cucumis sativus L. seedlings pre-treated with selenium (Se) in the form of sodium selenite at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 µM, and then subjected to a water deficit (WD). It has been hypothesized that Se, in low concentrations, alleviates an oxidative stress caused by a WD in the cucumber roots. A WD was introduced by the surface dehydration of roots. The aim of the research was to compare the changes accompanying oxidative stress in plants growing in the presence of Se and in its absence. The study concerns the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-superoxide anions (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH)-as well the activities of the antioxidant enzymes lowering the ROS level-ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A WD caused oxidative stress, i.e., the enhanced generation of ROS. Selenium at the concentrations of 1 and 5 μM increased the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to oxidative stress caused by a WD by increasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and it also limited the damage of plasma membranes as a result of the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that selenium may induce lipid peroxidation, which consequently affects the loss of integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane and can be used to prepare a novel formula of dietary supplements, which can be applied directly to various diets for both humans and animals.
Abstract: This article discusses the effect of selenium in aqueous solutions on aspects of lipid and amino acid metabolism in the cell biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYA-2200 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950 yeasts. The yeast biomass was obtained by using waste products (potato wastewater and glycerol). Selenium, at a dose of 20 mg/L of aqueous solution, affected the differentiation of cellular morphology. Yeast enriched with selenium was characterized by a large functional diversity in terms of protein and amino acid content. The protein content in the biomass of S. cerevisiae enriched with selenium (42.6%) decreased slightly as compared to that in the control sample without additional selenium supplementation (48.4%). Moreover, yeasts of both strains enriched with selenium contained a large amount of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine. Analysis of fatty acid profiles in S. cerevisiae yeast supplemented with selenium showed an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid content (e.g., C18:1). The presence of margaric acid (C17:0) and hexadecanoic acid (C17:1) was found in the C. utilis biomass enriched with selenium, in contrast to that of S. cerevisiae. These results indicate that selenium may induce lipid peroxidation, which consequently affects the loss of integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. Yeast enriched with selenium with optimal amino acid and lipid composition can be used to prepare a novel formula of dietary supplements, which can be applied directly to various diets for both humans and animals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Incorporating selenium or tellurium into photoactive species imparts new photophysical properties that may be exploited in materials applications.
Abstract: Sulfur-containing compounds, particularly derivatives of thiophene, are well studied for organic optoelectronic applications. Incorporating selenium or tellurium in place of sulfur imparts different physical properties due to the fundamental differences of these atoms relative to their lighter analogues. This has a profound influence on the properties of molecules and materials that incorporate chalcogens that may ultimately lead to new opportunities and applications. This mini-review will focus on the quantitative and qualitative photophysical characteristics of organic materials containing selenium and tellurium as well as their emerging applications as molecular photoactive species, including light-emitting sensors, triplet sensitizers, and beyond.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of isomeric ladder type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) was designed and synthesized to systematically investigate the structure-property relationship of selenium substit... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A set of isomeric ladder type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), SRID-4F and TRID-4F, was designed and synthesized to systematically investigate the structure–property relationship of selenium substit...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the gas sensing mechanism of H2S, NH3, NO2 and NO toxic gases on transition metal dichalcogenides based Janus MoSSe monolayers was investigated using the density functional theory.