Topic
Self-disclosure
About: Self-disclosure is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1193 publications have been published within this topic receiving 65995 citations.
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TL;DR: The PHQ-4 is a valid ultra-brief tool for detecting both anxiety and depressive disorders and has a substantial effect on functional status that was independent of depression.
2,343 citations
TL;DR: This study evaluated an adaptation of a recently developed anxiety measure revised to correspond to dimensions of several DSM-IV anxiety disorders as well as major depression, resulting in an item set and factor definitions that demonstrated structure consistent with DSM- IV anxiety disorders and depression.
1,446 citations
TL;DR: The paper organizes the hypotheses proposed for male-female differences in physical health status, therapeutic health behaviors, and longevity and it summarizes empirical research, especially sociological research, on the topic over the past 10-15 years.
Abstract: This is a "state of the issue" paper about gender and physical health. It organizes the hypotheses proposed for male-female differences in physical health status, therapeutic health behaviors, and longevity and it summarizes empirical research, especially sociological research, on the topic over the past 10-15 years. Capsule summaries of sex differentials in health and of recent trends in health and morality are also presented for American (U.S.) men and women. The central theoretical viewpoint of this paper is that sex differences in health are principally the outcome of differential risks acquiredfrom roles, stress, life styles, and preventive health practices. Psychosocial factors-how men and women perceive and evaluate symptoms, and their readiness and ability to take therapeutic actions-are important as well, but typically secondary to acquired risks. Other factors such as prior health care, biological risks, health reporting, and caretaker effects (for example, physician sex bias) have even smaller importance. We hypothesize that the relative weight of acquired risks and psychosocialfactors varies for different types of health problems as follows: (1) Psychosocial factors have their greatest weight in responses to chronic, nonfatal, or low severity diseases and injuries and (2) gender differences are also greatest in responses to these; that is, men and women differ more in their perception, evaluation, and treatment of prolonged, mild conditions than of acute, life-threatening, or severe ones. The paper suggests some strategies for social science research on male-female health differences in the next decade or two.
1,255 citations
1,220 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the role of visual anonymity in encouraging self-disclosure during computer-mediated communication and found that heightened private self-awareness, when combined with reduced public selfawareness, was associated with significantly higher levels of spontaneous self disclosure during computer mediated communication.
Abstract: Three studies examined the notion that computer-mediated communication (CMC) can be characterised by high levels of self-disclosure. In Study One, significantly higher levels of spontaneous self-disclosure were found in computer-mediated compared to face-to-face discussions. Study Two examined the role of visual anonymity in encouraging self-disclosure during CMC. Visually anonymous participants disclosed significantly more information about themselves than non-visually anonymous participants. In Study Three, private and public self-awareness were independently manipulated, using video-conferencing cameras and accountability cues, to create a 2 × 2 design public self-awareness (high and low)×private self-awareness (high and low). It was found that heightened private self-awareness, when combined with reduced public self-awareness, was associated with significantly higher levels of spontaneous self-disclosure during computer-mediated communication. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,178 citations