Topic
Semen
About: Semen is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14571 publications have been published within this topic receiving 407739 citations. The topic is also known as: come & ejaculate.
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TL;DR: Although laboratory assay results do not correlate well with semen fertility, the importance of conducting laboratory assays on every semen sample used for artificial insemination or to attempt to determine causes for infertility, is discussed.
181 citations
TL;DR: Coenzyme Q10 supplementation resulted in a statistically significant improvement in certain semen parameters, however, further studies are needed to draw a final conclusion and evaluate the effect of coenzymeQ10 supplementation on the pregnancy rate.
181 citations
TL;DR: Egg-yolk Tris extender seems to be superior to the other extenders tested, to preserve dog semen at 4 °C, although differences were not significant for all the parameters.
181 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that Acp62F's protease inhibitor activity exerts positive protective functions in the mated female's reproductive tract but that entry of a small amount of this protein into the female's hemolymph could contribute to the cost of mating.
Abstract: Drosophila melanogaster seminal fluid proteins stimulate sperm storage and egg laying in the mated female but also cause a reduction in her life span. We report here that of eight Drosophila seminal fluid proteins (Acps) and one non-Acp tested, only Acp62F is toxic when ectopically expressed. Toxicity to preadult male or female Drosophila occurs upon one exposure, whereas multiple exposures are needed for toxicity to adult female flies. Of the Acp62F received by females during mating, approximately 10% enters the circulatory system while approximately 90% remains in the reproductive tract. We show that in the reproductive tract, Acp62F localizes to the lumen of the uterus and the female's sperm storage organs. Analysis of Acp62F's sequence, and biochemical assays, reveals that it encodes a trypsin inhibitor with sequence and structural similarities to extracellular serine protease inhibitors from the nematode Ascaris. In light of previous results demonstrating entry of Acp62F into the mated female's hemolymph, we propose that Acp62F is a candidate for a molecule to contribute to the Acp-dependent decrease in female life span. We propose that Acp62F's protease inhibitor activity exerts positive protective functions in the mated female's reproductive tract but that entry of a small amount of this protein into the female's hemolymph could contribute to the cost of mating.
181 citations
TL;DR: Results show that LDF is the constituent of EY that prevents binding of the BSP proteins to sperm and lipid efflux from the sperm membrane and is beneficial to sperm functions during sperm preservation.
Abstract: For sperm preservation, semen is generally diluted with extender containing egg yolk (EY), but the mechanisms of sperm protection by EY are unclear. The major proteins of bull seminal plasma (BSP proteins: BSP-A1/A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa) bind to sperm surface at ejaculation and stimulate cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from the sperm membrane. Since EY low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDF) interacts specifically with BSP proteins, it is proposed that the sequestration of BSP proteins in seminal plasma by EY-LDF represents the major mechanism of sperm protection by EY. In order to gain further insight into this mechanism, we investigated the effect of seminal plasma, EY, and EY-LDF on the binding of BSP proteins to sperm and the lipid efflux from the sperm membrane. As shown by immunodetection, radioimmunoassays, and lipid analysis, when semen was incubated undiluted or diluted with control extender (without EY or EY-LDF), BSP proteins bound to sperm in a timedependent manner, and there is a continuous cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from the sperm membrane. In contrast, when semen was diluted with extender containing EY or EY-LDF, there was 50%‐80% fewer BSP proteins associated with sperm and a significant amount of lipid added to sperm membrane during incubation. In addition, sperm function analysis showed that the presence of EY or EY-LDF in the extender preserved sperm motility. These results show that LDF is the constituent of EY that prevents binding of the BSP proteins to sperm and lipid efflux from the sperm membrane and is beneficial to sperm functions during sperm preservation. assisted reproductive technology, gamete biology, male reproductive tract, seminal vesicles, sperm
181 citations