Topic
Semen
About: Semen is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14571 publications have been published within this topic receiving 407739 citations. The topic is also known as: come & ejaculate.
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TL;DR: The concentrations of spermatozoa, IgG, IgA, albumin, lactoferrin, transferrin and transferrin decreased from the first portion of the split ejaculate to the last, indicating that these proteins originate mostly from secretions other than the seminal vesicles.
Abstract: The concentrations of spermatozoa, fructose, IgG, IgA, albumin lactoferrin, transferrin, secretory piece of IgA, Beta 1C/Beta 1A-globulin (C'3-component of complement), ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen were evaluated in human split ejaculates and/or in whole human seminal plasma. The concentrations of spermatozoa, IgG, IgA, albumin and transferrin decreased from the first portion of the split ejaculate to the last, indicating that these proteins originate mostly from secretions other than the seminal vesicles. By contrast, the highest amounts of fructose and lactoferrin were present in the final portion of the split ejaculates, showing their seminal vesicle origin. No secretory piece, IgM, Beta 1C/Beta 1A-globulin, ceruloplasmin of fibrinogen could be detected in human semen. An unidentified antigen was found that has a relatively high molecular weight and shows Beta 1-mobility on immunoelectrophoresis.
159 citations
TL;DR: A subpopulation demonstrating high levels of HIV RNA in seminal plasma, comparable to or higher than those in blood plasma, frequently associated with a substantial viral shedding in seminal cells is identified, raising the possibility of viral production within the genital tract and suggesting heterogeneity in the potential of HIV sexual transmission among infected men.
Abstract: Background: To assess HIV burden in both acellular and cellular fractions of semen in men with different levels of blood plasma HIV RNA by a cross-sectional study. Patients: Fifty-two HIV-1-seropositive men (21 receiving antiretroviral therapy) with CD4 cell counts ranging from 1 to 1170 × 10 6 /l. Methods: Semen was separated into seminal plasma and fractions enriched in motile spermatozoa or non-spermatozoal cells. HIV RNA was quantified by the HIV-Monitor technique (Roche) in blood plasma, seminal plasma and spermatozoa fractions. HIV DNA or infectious virions in cellular fractions were detected by either PCR or qualitative viral culture. Results: HIV RNA was detected in 86.5% of seminal plasma specimens and in 14.6% of spermatozoa fractions; HIV DNA was detected in 57.1% of non-spermatozoal cell fractions. HIV RNA levels in blood plasma and seminal plasma were correlated (r 5 = 0.56, P < 0.0001, Spearman's rank test). A majority of men had lower levels in seminal plasma than in blood plasma: one-third had HlV-positive seminal cell fractions. However, 20 men (38.5%) with HIV RNA levels in seminal plasma (median: 4.65 log 10 copies/ml) comparable to or higher than those in blood plasma had all HIV-positive non-spermatozoal cells or spermatozoa fractions with a high frequency of positive cultures. Conclusion: A high frequency of men had detectable HIV in semen. We identified a subpopulation demonstrating high levels of HIV RNA in seminal plasma, comparable to or higher than those in blood plasma, frequently associated with a substantial viral shedding in seminal cells, raising the possibility of viral production within the genital tract and suggesting heterogeneity in the potential of HIV sexual transmission among infected men.
159 citations
TL;DR: Angus bulls exhibited stable to slight increases in testes size, semen volume and semen quality, suggesting that this breed had reached its most rapid stage of development by 16 months of age, while Hereford bulls showed a decline in testicular size and semenquality suggesting that Hereford Bulls suffered from the environmental stresses of the semitropical summer in Florida.
Abstract: A total of 218 yearling Hereford, Angus, Santa Gertrudis and Brahman bulls was evaluated for semen traits and testieular volume at average ages of 16 and 20 months in April and August, respectively, during 2 successive years. Brahman bulls reached puberty at a later age than bulls of the Santa Gertrudis, Hereford and Angus breeds. Santa Gertrudis bulls had the largest testes with the Brahman having the smallest during this time span. During the summer months, when the bulls were 16 to 20 months of age, testes size, sperm motil i ty and sperm cell concentration of the ejaculate increased markedly in Brahman and Santa Gertrudis bulls. Angus bulls exhibited stable to slight increases in testes size, semen volume and semen quality, suggesting that this breed had reached its most rapid stage of development by 16 months of age. During this same period Hereford bulls showed a decline in testicular size and semen quality suggesting that Hereford bulls suffered from the environmental stresses of the semitropical summer in Florida. Within the Hereford breed, bulls from the lines of Montana origin exhibited a greater decline than those from the line originating in Florida. (
158 citations
TL;DR: In males with varicocele(s), normal semen parameters should not routinely be expected to remain normal over time, and Statistically significant deterioration was noted from normal to abnormal.
157 citations
TL;DR: Assays based on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and related techniques such as zona pellucida (ZP) binding assays and oocyte penetration tests, which can provide valuable information about a semen donor, an insemination dose or a method of semen preservation are presented.
157 citations