scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Semen

About: Semen is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14571 publications have been published within this topic receiving 407739 citations. The topic is also known as: come & ejaculate.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduced the concept of an effective sperm count, which is obtained by multiplying the percentage of green-fluorescing sperm by the actual sperm count and found that the percent green correlates with neither actual sperm counts nor motility, indicating that this test measures a new parameter of male fertility.

449 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This systematic review with meta-analysis has not found evidence of an association between increased BMI and semen parameters, and there was strong evidence of a negative relationship for testosterone, SHBG and free testosterone with increased BMI.
Abstract: Background It has been suggested that body mass index (BMI), especially obesity, is associated with subfertility in men. Semen parameters are central to male fertility and reproductive hormones also play a role in spermatogenesis. This review aimed to investigate the association of BMI with semen parameters and reproductive hormones in men of reproductive age. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biological Abstracts, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases and references from relevant articles were searched in January and February 2009. Outcomes included for semen parameters were sperm concentration, total sperm count, semen volume, motility and morphology. Reproductive hormones included were testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, FSH, LH, inhibin B and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate sperm concentration and total sperm count. Results In total, 31 studies were included. Five studies were suitable for pooling and the meta-analysis found no evidence for a relationship between BMI and sperm concentration or total sperm count. Overall review of all studies similarly revealed little evidence for a relationship with semen parameters and increased BMI. There was strong evidence of a negative relationship for testosterone, SHBG and free testosterone with increased BMI. Conclusions This systematic review with meta-analysis has not found evidence of an association between increased BMI and semen parameters. The main limitation of this review is that data from most studies could not be aggregated for meta-analysis. Population-based studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies are required.

442 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proportion of sperm with DNA fragmentation appears to be potentially useful as a predictor of ICSI outcome, whereas embryo quality based on morphological criteria, appeared unaffected by DNA fragmentation.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard sperm characteristics are poor predictors of the outcome of IVF treatments. On the contrary, sperm genome quality has been emphasized for several years as playing a major role in early embryogenesis, thus in the success of IVF attempt. METHODS: Sperm DNA fragmentation from a selected group of 104 couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) (IVF: n = 50; and ICSI: n = 54) was measured by TUNEL assay and correlated with semen and ART outcomes. RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between sperm characteristics and the proportion of sperm showing DNA fragmentation. For fragmentation >10%, a significant decrease of the fertilization rate was observed. No correlation was found between sperm DNA fragmentation and embryo quality. A high proportion of sperm with fragmented DNA was a pejorative factor to obtain pregnancies when ICSI was performed, but there was no relationship when conventional IVF was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of sperm with DNA fragmentation appears to be potentially useful as a predictor of ICSI outcome, whereas embryo quality based on morphological criteria, appeared unaffected by DNA fragmentation.

441 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Diabetes is associated with increased sperm nuclear and mtDNA damage that may impair the reproductive capability of men attending fertility clinics and this work aims to address this concern.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in men of reproductive age. Despite this, the prevalence of diabetes in men attending fertility clinics is largely unknown. Furthermore, studies examining the effects of DM on sperm fertility potential have been limited to conventional semen analysis. METHODS: Conventional semen analysis (semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology) was performed for 27 diabetic (mean age 34 ± 2 years) and 29 non-diabetic subjects (control group, men undergoing routine infertility investigations, mean age 33 ± 1 years). Nuclear DNA (nDNA) fragmentation was assessed using the alkaline Comet assay and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions by Long-PCR. RESULTS: Other than a small, but significant, reduction in semen volume in diabetic men (2.6 versus 3.3 ml; P < 0.05), conventional semen parameters did not differ significantly from control subjects. Diabetic subjects had significantly higher mean nDNA fragmentation (53 versus 32%; P < 0.0001) and median number of mtDNA deletions (4 versus 3; P < 0.05) compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes is associated with increased sperm nuclear and mtDNA damage that may impair the reproductive capability of these men.

440 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The phenotypic sex ratio at birth was accurately predicted from the flow-cytometrically measured proportion of X- and Y-bearing sperm used for insemination.
Abstract: Intact, viable X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm populations of the rabbit were separated according to DNA content with a flow cytometer/cell sorter. Reanalysis for DNA of an aliquot from each sorted population showed purities of 86% for X-bearing sperm and 81% for Y-bearing sperm populations. Sorted sperm were surgically inseminated into the uterus of rabbits. From does inseminated with sorted X-bearing sperm, 94% of the offspring born were females. From does inseminated with sorted Y-bearing sperm from the same ejaculates, 81% of the offspring were males. The probability of the phenotypic sex ratios differing from 50:50 were p less than 0.0003 for X-sorted sperm and p less than 0.004 for Y-sorted sperm. Thus, the phenotypic sex ratio at birth was accurately predicted from the flow-cytometrically measured proportion of X- and Y-bearing sperm used for insemination.

435 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Sperm
43.4K papers, 1.3M citations
92% related
Luteinizing hormone
23.9K papers, 756K citations
83% related
Fertility
29.9K papers, 681.1K citations
82% related
Testosterone
23.2K papers, 808K citations
81% related
Polycystic ovary
20.4K papers, 635K citations
78% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023973
20222,093
2021538
2020530
2019498