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Semen

About: Semen is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14571 publications have been published within this topic receiving 407739 citations. The topic is also known as: come & ejaculate.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
A. Rybouchkin1, D. Dozortsev, M.J. Pelinck, P. De Sutter, Marc Dhont 
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that globozoospermia is not associated with sperm karyotype abnormalities and that the incapacity of the spermatozoon to activate the oocyte following injection of round-headed spermatozoa could be the underlying mechanism.
Abstract: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the human is a very effective procedure which allows the fertilization of the majority of oocytes even in cases of extreme oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Round-headed acrosomeless human spermatozoa, however, form an exception to this rule, because in about half of the couples with globozoospermia all oocytes remain unfertilized after injection. The incapacity of the spermatozoon to activate the oocyte following injection of round-headed spermatozoa could be the underlying mechanism. To investigate this hypothesis, activation rates of mouse oocytes injected with spermatozoa from a patient with globozoospermia were compared with those obtained after injection with normal spermatozoa. Of mouse oocytes surviving the injection with donor spermatozoa, 95% underwent activation, compared to none of the 88 mouse oocytes surviving the injection with round-headed spermatozoa. After fixation, prematurely condensed sperm chromosomes were found in these oocytes. Parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes (8% ethanol at 40 min after injection) injected with round-headed spermatozoa led to the activation of 96% of oocytes. These oocytes developed normally to the first mitosis and were fixed for analysis of the sperm karyotypes. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of round-headed spermatozoa (6%) was similar to that in spermatozoa from a fertile donor (9%). These data provide further information on the basic defect in cases of globozoospermia and demonstrate that globozoospermia is not associated with sperm karyotype abnormalities.

142 citations

Book
22 Aug 1990
TL;DR: A critical Evaluation of Sperm Morphology Comparison with In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Laboratory and Morphological Assessment of Human Oocytes and Early Concepti is presented.
Abstract: The Infertility Evaluation. The Endometrial Biopsy. The Semen Analysis. Critical Evaluation of Sperm Morphology Comparison with In Vitro Fertilization. Biochemical Analysis of Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoa. Objective Analysis of Sperm Motility and Kinematics. Methodology of the Optimized Sperm Penetration Assay. Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction. Detection of Agglutinating and Immobolizing Antisperm Antibodies. Detection of Antisperm Antibodies Using Immunobeads. Sperm Washing and Concentration Techniques. The Hemi-Zona Assay (HZA): Assessment of Fertilizing Potential by Means of Human Sperm Binding to Human Zona Pellucida. Cryopreservation of Human Semen. Microbiological Examination of the Infertile Couple. Statistical Methods for Serum Hormone Assays. Organization of the In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Laboratory. Mouse Preembryo Culture as an Evaluation for Human Preembryo Requirements. Oocyte and Embryo Cryopreservation Techniques and Results. The Morphological Assessment of Human Oocytes and Early Concepti. Index.

142 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Temperature, either on day of semen collection or during epididymal maturation or spermatogenesis, had important but inconsistent effects on semen production and sperm quality, however, ambient temperatures in the range of 5-15 degrees C were found to be optimal for semen production.

142 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that fibrinogenase activity in human and dog prostatic fluid can be traced back to the lysis of fibrinolysis.
Abstract: Certain specimens of human semen shorten the coagulation time of whole blood because of the presence of active thromboplastic agents, while other samples prolong its coagulation time. Human prostatic fluid in large amounts always delays or abolishes blood coagulation. The delay or absence of clotting is counteracted by adding calcium ions and is due to the large concentration of citrate in prostatic fluid and in some semens. While most specimens of dog semen shorten the coagulation time of blood because of their thromboplastic activity, certain specimens render blood incoagulable or delay coagulation; in contrast to human semen, this adverse effect on coagulation is not overcome with calcium ions and is due to a different mechanism, the lysis of fibrinogen. The citrate content of dog prostatic fluid is small. Human semen which has become liquefied does not contain thrombin or prothrombin, but fibrinogen and thromboplastic substances are present. Beef fibrinogen added to semen is destroyed by incubation for 18 hours, but added prothrombin and thromboplastic substances are still present after this treatment. Dog semen, in some instances, contains small amounts of thrombin. The semens of man and dog contain a fibrinolysin for human blood which seems not to differ greatly from the fibrinolysin associated with hemolytic streptococci. The blood of the donor of prostatic fluid is susceptible to fibrinolysis by this fluid. However, the blood of persons with some diseases, is absolutely resistant to the action of seminal fibrinolysin. In how many diseases this happens has not yet been determined. The semens of man and dog both contain an agent capable of inactivating fibrinogen, but in different amounts. This activity may be called fibrinogenase. Human semen is rich in fibrinolysin, poor in fibrinogenase; dog semen is rich in fibrinogenase, poor in fibrinolysin. These species differences, together with the fact that it is easy by appropriate dilution to retain the stronger proteolytic agent and eliminate the weaker one, imply that fibrinolysin and fibrinogenase are different entities. Dog semen, and less constantly human semen, contain very small amounts of trypsin. All of these proteolytic agents derive from the prostate gland; their secretion in prostatic fluid constitutes a hitherto undescribed function for the prostate gland.

142 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Urinary phthalate metabolites levels were significantly associated with a decrease in sperm motility and an increase sperm DNA damage and sperm aneuploidy in men attending an infertility clinic.

141 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023973
20222,093
2021538
2020530
2019498