Showing papers on "Serum albumin published in 2009"
TL;DR: ABI-007 is a novel, albumin-bound, 130-nm particle formulation of paclitaxel, free from any kind of solvent, which has been demonstrated to be superior to an equitoxic dose of standard pac litaxel with a significantly lower incidence of toxicities in a large, international, randomized phase III trial.
Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy diagnosed in women. In the metastatic setting this disease is still uncurable. Taxanes represent an important class of antitumor agents which have proven to be fundamental in the treatment of advanced and early-stage breast cancer, but the clinical advances of taxanes have been limited by their highly hydrophobic molecular status. To overcome this poor water solubility, lipid-based solvents have been used as a vehicle, and new systemic formulations have been developed, mostly for paclitaxel, which are Cremophor-free and increase the circulation time of the drug. ABI-007 is a novel, albumin-bound, 130-nm particle formulation of paclitaxel, free from any kind of solvent. It has been demonstrated to be superior to an equitoxic dose of standard paclitaxel with a significantly lower incidence of toxicities in a large, international, randomized phase III trial. The availability of new drugs, such as Abraxane, in association with other traditional and non-traditional drugs (new antineoplastic agents and targeted molecules), will give the oncologist many different effective treatment options for patients in this setting.
699 citations
TL;DR: The use of high-flux membranes conferred a significant survival benefit among patients with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl, but the apparent survival Benefit among patients who have diabetes and are treated with high- flux membranes requires confirmation given the post hoc nature of the analysis.
Abstract: The effect of high-flux hemodialysis membranes on patient survival has not been unequivocally determined. In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, we enrolled 738 incident hemodialysis patients, stratified them by serum albumin 4 g/dl, and assigned them to either low-flux or high-flux membranes. We followed patients for 3 to 7.5 yr. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between high-flux and low-flux membranes, and a Cox proportional hazards model concurred. Patients with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl had significantly higher survival rates in the high-flux group compared with the low-flux group (P = 0.032). In addition, a secondary analysis revealed that high-flux membranes may significantly improve survival of patients with diabetes. Among those with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl, slightly different effects among patients with and without diabetes suggested a potential interaction between diabetes status and low serum albumin in the reduction of risk conferred by high-flux membranes. In summary, we did not detect a significant survival benefit with either high-flux or low-flux membranes in the population overall, but the use of high-flux membranes conferred a significant survival benefit among patients with serum albumin < or = 4 g/dl. The apparent survival benefit among patients who have diabetes and are treated with high-flux membranes requires confirmation given the post hoc nature of our analysis.
363 citations
TL;DR: Experimental findings suggest that albumin may facilitate the uptake of fatty acids by organs in need of these substrates, and interactions between albumin and fatty acids are discussed.
300 citations
TL;DR: Taken together, nano-anatase TiO2 in higher dose caused serious damage to the liver, kidney, and myocardium of mice and disturbed the balance of blood sugar and lipid in mice.
Abstract: Previous research on the biological and toxic effects of nano-TiO(2) particles on animals only limit to a single dose. However, the toxicity caused by single dose nano-TiO(2) does not truly represent ecological and health effects of nano-TiO(2) retained in the environment. In order to further evaluate the toxicity of nano-TiO(2) particles, nano-anatase TiO(2) (5 nm) was injected into the abdominal cavity of ICR mice everyday for 14 days and the coefficients of organs and serum biochemical parameters were investigated. The results showed that, with increasing doses of nano-anatase TiO(2), the coefficients of liver, kidney, and spleen increased gradually, while the coefficients of lung and brain decreased gradually, and the coefficient of heart had little change. The order of the titanium accumulation in the organs was liver > kidneys > spleen > lung > brain > heart. The serum biochemical parameters with lower dose of nano-anatase TiO(2) showed little difference compared with the control mice, while with higher dose of nano-anatase TiO(2), the indicators of liver function, such as alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, leucine acid peptide, pseudocholinesterase, total protein, and albumin level, were enhanced significantly; the indicators of kidney function, such as uric acid and blood urea nitrogen, were decreased; the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, indicator of the myocardium function, were increased. The contents of triglycerides, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly elevated. Taken together, nano-anatase TiO(2) in higher dose caused serious damage to the liver, kidney, and myocardium of mice and disturbed the balance of blood sugar and lipid in mice. The accumulation of titanium in the organs might be closely related to the coefficients of organs and the inflammatory responses of mice.
248 citations
TL;DR: In dialysis patients, a 1-g/dL decrease in serum albumin was associated with an increased mortality risk of 47% in HD patients and 38% in PD patients, and these mortality risks were in part explained by the inflammatory pathway.
225 citations
TL;DR: Structural analysis showed that HSA conformation was altered by dendrimers with a major reduction of alpha-helix and increase in random coil and turn structures suggesting a partial protein unfolding.
Abstract: Dendrimers are synthetic, highly branched, spherical macromolecules with nanometer dimensions and potential applications in DNA and drug delivery systems. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a major transporter for delivering several endogenous compounds and drugs in vivo. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of human serum albumin with several dendrimers such as mPEG-PAMAM (G3), mPEG-PAMAM (G4), and PAMAM (G4) at physiological conditions, using constant protein concentration and various dendrimer compositions. FTIR, UV-visible, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to analyze macromolecule binding mode, the binding constant and the effects of dendrimers complexation on HSA stability and conformation. Structural analysis showed that dendrimers bind HSA via polypeptide polar groups (hydrophilic) with number of bound polymer (n) 1.08 (mPEG-PAMAM-G3), 1.50 (mPEG-PAMAM-G4), and 0.96 (PAMAM-G4). The overall binding constants estimated were of KmPEG-G3=1.3 (+/-0.2)x10(4) M(-1), KmPEG-G4=2.2 (+/-0.4)x10(4) M(-1), and KPAMAM-G4=2.6 (+/-0.5)x10(4) M(-1). HSA conformation was altered by dendrimers with a major reduction of alpha-helix and increase in random coil and turn structures suggesting a partial protein unfolding.
205 citations
TL;DR: Nitric oxide (NO)-release in blood serum initiated by gold nanoparticles has been prove to be a reaction between RSNO and the gold nanoparitcles.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO)-release in blood serum initiated by gold nanoparticles has been prove to be a reaction between RSNO and the gold nanoparitcles. In this reaction the NO production was catalyzed on the surface of the nanoparticles, and a new bond of Au-thiolate was simultaneously formed.
194 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between QA and serum concentrations of monomeric transthyretin (TTR) or S100B, and to establish a gold-standard measure, the cerebrospinal fluide-serum albumin quotient (QA).
Abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents the entry into the central nervous system (CNS) of most water-soluble molecules over 500 Da, is often disrupted after trauma Post-traumatic BBB disruption may have important implications for prognosis and therapy Assessment of BBB status is not routine in clinical practice because available techniques are invasive The gold-standard measure, the cerebrospinal fluide (CSF)-serum albumin quotient (QA), requires the measurement of albumin in CSF and serum collected contemporaneously Accurate, less invasive techniques are necessary The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between QA and serum concentrations of monomeric transthyretin (TTR) or S100B Nine subjects with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤ 8) and 11 subjects with non-traumatic headache who had CSF collected by ventriculostomy or lumbar puncture (LP) were enrolled Serum and CSF were collected at the time of LP for headache subjects and
191 citations
TL;DR: Structural analysis showed that curcumin and genistein bind HSA via polypeptide polar groups with overall binding constants of K(curcumin) and K(genistein) and the HSA conformation was altered by pigment complexation with reduction of alpha-helix and increase of random coil and turn structures suggesting a partial protein unfolding.
188 citations
TL;DR: The results support that strong binding occurs at the hydrophobic moieties of HSA and fibrinogen, excluding water access, and lead to effective suppression of degradation of curcumin.
Abstract: The use of curcumin as an effective wound healing agent is of significant interest currently. It is well established that curcumin undergoes rapid degradation in physiological buffer by hydrolysis. The means by which curcumin is stabilized at the wound site to enable healing is poorly understood because blood plasma is composed of approximately 92% water. Plasma proteins, which constitute the remaining 6-8%, has been shown to stabilize curcumin. It is, however, still unclear which proteins are responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, the effects of major plasma proteins, which include human serum albumin (HSA), fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and transferrin, on stabilizing curcumin are investigated. In particular, we investigate their effects on the hydrolysis of curcumin at pH 7.4. In the presence of both transferrin and IgG, curcumin continues to undergo rapid hydrolysis but this reaction is suppressed by the presence of either HSA or fibrinogen with an impressive yield of approximately 95%. Furthermore, the binding constants of curcumin to HSA and fibrinogen are on the order of 10(4) and 10(5) M(-1), respectively. The binding constants of transferrin and IgG, however, are at least 1 order of magnitude less than those of HSA and fibrinogen. The results support that strong binding occurs at the hydrophobic moieties of HSA and fibrinogen, excluding water access. Therefore, strong interactions with HSA and fibrinogen inhibit hydrolysis of curcumin and in turn lead to effective suppression of degradation.
179 citations
TL;DR: The movement of intravitreal nanoparticles depended on both nanoparticles surface charge and retinal injury, and the anionic HSA-NP is a promising drug or gene delivery carrier to the sub-retinal space and RPE.
Abstract: Purpose
To investigate the movement of intravitreally injected human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA-NP) with respect to nanoparticle surface charge and retinal injury.
15 Apr 2009
TL;DR: The experimental results demonstrate that the intermolecular chain associations were formed between alginate chains and protein molecules in either the native form or the heat pre-denatured form, mainly driven by the electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged amino acids and the anionic polysaccharide macromolecules.
Abstract: The intermolecular interactions between the model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a biocompatible polysaccharide, sodium alginate, have been investigated. Both the native BSA and the heat pre-denatured BSA were utilized to study, in parallel, the effect of protein conformational change during the protein-alginate complex formation. In this work, a comparison was performed between the native BSA and the heat-denatured BSA incubated sodium alginate mixtures by using zeta potential analyzer, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and turbidimetric analysis of the systems in combination with protein conformational tools, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and size exclusion chromatography (SE-HPLC). The experimental results demonstrate that the intermolecular chain associations were formed between alginate chains and protein molecules in either the native form or the heat pre-denatured form, mainly driven by the electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged amino acids and the anionic polysaccharide macromolecules. However, the majority of BSA was recovered from the dissociation of protein-alginate complexes and maintained its secondary structure and conformational property. Therefore, alginate is promising as a bioactive compound carrier.
TL;DR: In this article, the interactions of mitomycin C (MMC), fluorouracil (FU), mercaptopurine (MP) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DXR) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by spectroscopic method.
TL;DR: Low Mr chitosans (CT1-CT3) may be absorbed well from the gastrointestinal tract and inhibit neutrophil activation and oxidation of serum albumin that is frequently observed in patients plasma undergoing hemodialysis, resulting in a reduction in oxidative stress associated with uremia.
TL;DR: A novel blend of polycaprolactone and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form nanofibers containing nerve growth factors is shown, demonstrating the successful incorporation and controlled release potential of PCL BSA scaffolds.
TL;DR: Both wild-type and mutant albumins promote the safe management of high micromolar zinc concentrations for cells in cultures, and the dynamics of the domain I/II interface are affected by Zn2+ binding, which induces cooperative allosteric effects related to those of the pH-dependent neutral-to-base transition.
TL;DR: These findings suggest that the trafficking of anandamide from the plasma membrane to the internal compartments of a cell occur via a nonvesicular mechanism mediated by cytosolic carriers.
TL;DR: It is reported that the site-specific chemical modification of a C-terminal cysteine residue in scFv antibody fragments with a small organic molecule capable of high-affinity binding to serum albumin substantially extends serum half-life in rodents.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current understanding of FcRn function and discusses its relevance for development of new IgG and albumin based therapeutics and diagnostics.
TL;DR: It is suggested that renal FcRn reclaims albumin, thereby maintaining the serum concentration ofalbumin, but facilitates the loss of IgG from plasma protein pools.
Abstract: The widely distributed neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) contributes to maintaining serum levels of albumin and IgG in adults. In the kidney, FcRn is expressed on the podocytes and the brush border of the proximal tubular epithelium. Here, we evaluated the role of renal FcRn in albumin and IgG metabolism. Compared with wild-type controls, FcRn(-/-) mice had a lower t((1/2)) for albumin (28.7 versus 39.9 h) and IgG (29.5 versus 66.1 h). Renal loss of albumin could account for the former, suggested by the progressive development of hypoalbuminemia in wild-type mice transplanted with FcRn-deficient kidneys. Furthermore, serum albumin levels returned to normal in FcRn(-/-) recipients of wild-type kidneys after removing the native FcRn-deficient kidneys. In contrast, renal loss could not account for the enhanced elimination of IgG in FcRn(-/-) mice. These mice had minimal urinary excretion of native and labeled IgG, which increased to wild-type levels in FcRn(-/-) recipients of a single FcRn-sufficient kidney (t((1/2)) of IgG was 21.7 h). Taken together, these data suggest that renal FcRn reclaims albumin, thereby maintaining the serum concentration of albumin, but facilitates the loss of IgG from plasma protein pools.
TL;DR: The receptor specific interactions of GNR-BBN conjugates provide realistic opportunities in the design and development of in vivo molecular imaging and therapy agents for cancer.
Abstract: Gastrin releasing protein receptor specific bombesin (BBN) peptide-gold nanoconjugates were successfully synthesized using gold nanorods and dithiolated peptide. The gold nanorod-bombesin (GNR-BBN) conjugates showed extraordinary in vitro stabilities against various biomolecules including NaCl, cysteine, histidine, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and dithiothreitol. Quantitative measurements on the binding affinity (IC(50)) of GNR-BBN conjugates toward prostate and breast tumor cells were evaluated. The IC(50) values establish that GNR-BBN conjugates have strong affinity toward the gastrin releasing peptide receptors on both the tumors. Detailed cellular interaction studies of GNR-BBN conjugates revealed that nanorods internalize via a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. The receptor specific interactions of GNR-BBN conjugates provide realistic opportunities in the design and development of in vivo molecular imaging and therapy agents for cancer.
TL;DR: Human albumin is a physiological plasma-expander; its limited availability and high cost make it essential to define recommendations for its appropriate use, as an alternative to other therapeutic strategies including solutions of crystalloids and non-protein colloids, and have also stimulated numerous studies, which have sometimes reached contradictory conclusions.
Abstract: Human albumin is a physiological plasma-expander; its limited availability and high cost make it essential to define recommendations for its appropriate use, as an alternative to other therapeutic strategies including solutions of crystalloids and non-protein colloids, and have also stimulated numerous studies, which have sometimes reached contradictory conclusions1–8.
In 1998 a meta-analysis of 30 randomised trials suggested that the use of albumin was associated with an increased mortality rate among critically ill patients9,10. This conclusion, also reached by two subsequent Cochrane reviews11,12, was not confirmed by a meta-analysis in 2001 or by more recent studies13–23.
A review in 2006 showed that renal damage can be induced by the use of hydroxyethyl starch and gelatine in sepsis and surgery24.
The limited power of all these studies could lie in their having combined results from heterogeneous types of patients with different baseline albumin concentrations25,26.
TL;DR: A simple and green process of simultaneous formation of albumin nanoparticles and encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous solution was developed and a binding of ibuprofen with BSA throughHydrophobic and electrostatic interactions can suppress the precipitation of ib uprofen.
Abstract: A simple and green process of simultaneous formation of albumin nanoparticles and encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous solution was developed. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)−dextran conjugates were prepared through the Maillard reaction. Ibuprofen was used as a drug model. The solubility of protonated ibuprofen decreases, and then precipitation occurs when the pH of saturated ibuprofen solution is changed from alkali to acidic value. In the presence of the conjugates, a binding of ibuprofen with BSA through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions can suppress the precipitation of ibuprofen. After a heat treatment, the gelation of BSA results in the formation of nanoparticles and fixing of the ibuprofen in the core. The nanoparticles were characterized with dynamic and static light scattering, ζ-potential, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles are of spherical shape having a hydrodynamic diameter of about 70 nm. As much as 0.7 unit weight of ibuprofen can be loaded into one unit w...
TL;DR: The visible CD spectra indicated that the optical activity observed during the ligand binding due to induced-protein chirality suggested the important role of the phenolic OH group of CUR in the binding process.
Abstract: The current study reports the binding of curcumin (CUR) as the main pharmacologically active ingredient of turmeric and diacetylcurcumin (DAC) as a bioactive derivative of curcumin to human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The apparent binding constants and number of substantive binding sites have been evaluated by fluorescence quenching method. The distance (r) between donor (HSA and BSA) and acceptor (CUR and DAC) was obtained on the basis of the Forster’s theory of non-radiative energy transfer. The minor changes on the far-UV circular dichroism spectra resulted in partial changes in the calculated secondary structure contents of HSA and BSA. The negligible alteration in the secondary structure of both albumin proteins indicated that ligand-induced conformational changes are localized to the binding site and do not involve considerable changes in protein folding. The visible CD spectra indicated that the optical activity observed during the ligand binding due to induced-protein chirality. All of the achieved results suggested the important role of the phenolic OH group of CUR in the binding process.
TL;DR: High-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of human serum albumin showed at least two peaks, the principal component corresponding to human mercaptalbumin (HMA) and the second one to human nonmercaptalbumin(HNA), which might be due to weak resin-HSA interaction.
Abstract: Gel-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of human serum albumin (HSA) on PGP 2000 column (0.10 M sodium phosphate buffer, 0.30 M NaCl, pH 6.86) showed at least two peaks, the principal component corresponding to human mercaptalbumin (HMA) and the second one to human nonmercaptalbumin (HNA). Mechanism for the separation of HMA and HNA might be due to weak resin-HSA interaction. HPLC analysis of bovine plasma albumin (BPA) showed a single peak on PGP 2000 column. The elution volume of HSA was larger than that of BPA, resulting in a clear resolution of HSA and BPA.
TL;DR: The data provide new evidence to suggest that low serum albumin is independently associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment in the elderly population, and a highly similar pattern of associations was observed for men and women.
Abstract: Results from clinical samples suggest low serum albumin may be associated with cognitive impairment, though evidence from population-based studies is inconclusive. Participants were 1,752 adults (699 men and 1,053 women) aged 65 years and over from the Health Survey for England 2000, a nationally representative population-based study. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Abbreviated Mental Test Score. The cross-sectional relation of serum albumin quartiles to cognitive impairment was modelled using logistic regression. Two hundred and twelve participants were cognitively impaired (68 men and 144 women). Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for cognitive impairment in the first (2.2–3.8 g/dl), second (3.9–4.0 g/dl), and third (4.1–4.3 g/dl) quartiles of serum albumin compared with the fourth (4.4–5.3 g/dl) were 2.5 (1.3–5.1), 1.7 (0.9–3.5), and 1.5 (0.7–2.9), after adjustment for age, sex, education and additional risk factors for cognitive impairment (p for linear trend = 0.002). A highly similar pattern of associations was observed for men and women. Our data provide new evidence to suggest that low serum albumin is independently associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment in the elderly population.
TL;DR: In the light of the hydrophobic core as a microreservoir for poorly water-soluble drugs, paclitaxel (PTX) was successfully loaded into OSA micelles by the dialysis method with a high drug-loading and entrapment efficiency due to the synergistic effect of micellar encapsulation and binding interaction between drug and OSA.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A preliminary analysis of the distribution of serum protein fractions in adult BALB/c, C57BL/6, and CD1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats and the changes in protein values from birth to maturity are described.
Abstract: Protein electrophoresis is a common proven technique to determine the protein components of plasma or serum in human, veterinary, and laboratory animal medicine Changes in albumin and globulin protein levels can provide early and valuable diagnostic and prognostic information Here we describe a preliminary analysis of the distribution of serum protein fractions in adult BALB/c, C57BL/6, and CD1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats and describe the changes in protein values from birth to maturity in BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats Quantifiable changes in the electrophoretic profile were apparent in mice with chronic-active dermatitis
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that the altered BBB might be a consequence of small vessel disorder rather than evidence of infarcts, and did not correlate significantly with age, nor with individual clinical vascular factors.
Abstract: To investigate blood-brain barrier (BBB) function measured as an albumin ratio (cerebrospinal fluid/serum) in vascular dementia (VD) samples from 53 patients and 30 healthy controls were analysed. The VD group showed a higher mean albumin ratio than controls (8.5 +/- 3.8 and 5.7 +/- 2.1, respectively). The albumin ratio did not correlate significantly with age, nor with individual clinical vascular factors. The results of the present study suggest that the altered BBB might be a consequence of small vessel disorder rather than evidence of infarcts.
TL;DR: The albumin-conjugated formulation of DTX with the particle size of 90-110 nm showed enhanced solubility and in vivo characteristics and significantly higher cytotoxicity against tumor cells, for example, IC50 of 6.30 +/- 0.73 nM for T47D cell line compared to free DTX of 39.4 +/- 1.75 nM.