Serum albumin

About: Serum albumin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16337 publications have been published within this topic receiving 516395 citations. The topic is also known as: blood albumin & ANALBA.

Surface composition of spray-dried particles of bovine serum albumin/trehalose/surfactant.

Abstract: Purpose. To characterize via electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis(ESCA) the surface of spray-dried particles of trehalose plus aprotein (bovine serum albumin). Additionally, to show how and whythe addition of a surfactant reduces protein adsorption, and by thismechanism could reduce protein instability during spray-drying.

Serum protein binding of drugs during and after pregnancy in humans.

Abstract: The serum protein binding of three weakly acidic drugs (salicylic acid, sulfisoxazole, and Phenytoin), one weak base (diazepam), and one steroid (dexamethasone) was determined in pregnant women at seven time periods during pregnancy and at two time periods post partum, as well as in a group of nonpregnant women of childbearing age. The serum free fraction values (ratio of concentrations, free to total drug) of all drugs rose during pregnancy, primarily after 15 wk of gestation, and remained elevated for at least 1 to 5 days post partum. Pregnancy had the greatest effect on protein binding of sulfisoxazole, diazepam, and salicylic acid. The magnitude of this effect is such that quantitatively significant changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of certain drugs may be expected to occur during pregnancy (in addition to possible changes caused by other pregnancy-related effects such as altered activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems). All drugs but dexamethasone exhibited significant negative correlations between free fraction values and serum albumin concentrations during pregnancy. The serum protein binding of salicylic acid, but not the other drugs tested, was more extensive in nonpregnant women who were not taking oral contraceptives than in those who were. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 28, 253–261; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.158

Effect of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on blood-brain barrier permeability in rat

Abstract: We investigated the effects of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier using a calibrated microwave exposure system in the 900 MHz band. Rats were restrained in a carousel of circularly arranged plastic tubes and sham-exposed or microwave irradiated for a duration of 4 h at specific brain absorption rates (SAR) ranging from 0.3 to 7.5 W/kg. The extravasation of proteins was assessed either at the end of exposure or 7 days later in three to five coronal brain slices by immunohistochemical staining of serum albumin. As a positive control two rats were subjected to cold injury. In the brains of freely moving control rats (n = 20) only one spot of extravasated serum albumin could be detected in one animal. In the sham-exposed control group (n = 20) three animals exhibited a total of 4 extravasations. In animals irradiated for 4 h at SAR of 0.3, 1.5 and 7.5 W/kg (n = 20 in each group) five out of the ten animals of each group killed at the end of the exposure showed 7, 6 and 14 extravasations, respectively. In the ten animals of each group killed 7 days after exposure, the total number of extravasations was 2, 0 and 1, respectively. The increase in serum albumin extravasations after microwave exposure reached significance only in the group exposed to the highest SAR of 7.5 W/kg but not at the lower intensities. Histological injury was not observed in any of the examined brains. Compared to other pathological conditions with increased blood-brain barrier permeability such as cold injury, the here observed serum albumin extravasations are very modest and, moreover, reversible. Microwave exposure in the frequency and intensity range of mobile telephony is unlikely to produce pathologically significant changes of the blood-brain barrier permeability.

pK change of imidazole groups in bovine serum albumin due to the conformational change at neutral pH.

Abstract: a b s t r a c t : The pH-dependent change in conformation o f bovine serum albumin, located between pH 6 and 9 (neutral transition), was studied by means o f optical rotation measurements at 313 nm and hydrogen ion titration experiments, both in the presence o f KC1 or CaClj. The optical rotatory dispersion measurements revealed that with CaCl2 the transition proceeds at lower pH values and within a smaller pH range than without calcium. From an analysis o f the titration curves, combined with the observed influence o f calcium ions on the neutral transition, it could be concluded that the transition causes a p K shift o f certain groups, probably imidazole groups, since as a consequence o f the pK shift protons are released in the neutral region. That these groups are indeed imidazole groups was further confirmed by measuring the apparent heat o f proton dissociation. The highest pK was found in the low pH conformation. This suggests that in this conformation several histidyl residues are involved in salt bridges. The effect o f calcium on the neutral transition indicates that the affinity o f albumin for protons decreases upon calcium binding. The relation between calcium and proton binding to albumin shows much resemblance with the Bohr effect o f hemoglobin, i.e., the relation between oxygen and proton binding.