scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Serum albumin

About: Serum albumin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16337 publications have been published within this topic receiving 516395 citations. The topic is also known as: blood albumin & ANALBA.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that MCP-1 plays an important role in the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation, tubular damage, and fibrosis induced by proteinuria, and the fact that 7ND gene therapy had little effect on the contralateral kidney indicates that7ND acted locally.
Abstract: It has been postulated that protein filtered through glomeruli activates tubular epithelial cells, which secrete vasoactive and inflammatory substances including chemokines, leading to tubulointerstitial renal injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in this process and to evaluate the effectiveness of a kidney-targeted gene transfer technique using hydrodynamic pressure. Naked plasmid encoding 7ND (an MCP-1 antagonist) or a control plasmid was introduced into the left kidney of rats. Three days after gene transfer (day 0), intraperitoneal administration of bovine serum albumin (10 mg/g body wt per day) was started and continued for 14 or 21 d. RT-PCR showed that 7ND mRNA was expressed only in the gene-transfected kidney. Immunostaining showed that 7ND protein was localized in the interstitial cells. Macrophage infiltration was significantly reduced in the left kidney of rats treated with 7ND on days 14 and 21. In the right kidney, such effects were not observed. 7ND also attenuated tubular damage and decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Computer-assisted analysis revealed that the areas positively stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA), fibronectin-EDA, type I collagen, and collagen fibrils were significantly reduced in the 7ND-treated kidney on day 21. Furthermore, 7ND gene therapy significantly reduced MCP-1 and TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that MCP-1 plays an important role in the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation, tubular damage, and fibrosis induced by proteinuria. The fact that 7ND gene therapy had little effect on the contralateral kidney indicates that 7ND acted locally. This strategy may have a potential usefulness as a gene therapy against tubulointerstitial renal injury.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the leucine zipper of C/EBP alpha participates in determining the cell type specificity of albumin promoter activation, as it exerts a strong negative effect on albumin promoters activation in the nonhepatic HeLa cell line but not in HepG2 cells.
Abstract: We have studied the activation of the serum albumin promoter by transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBP alpha) in the HepG2 hepatoma cell line. We find that three distinct mechanisms determine the ability of C/EBP alpha to activate this promoter in a cell-type-specific and cooperative manner. First, the trans-activating function of C/EBP alpha is generated through cooperation between three separate domains of the protein that we have named trans-activation elements (TE-I through TE-III). The TEs have little or no ability to activate transcription by themselves, but any two can cooperate to do so, both in the C/EBP alpha protein and when linked to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain. Second, TE-III was found to contain a negative regulatory subdomain, the function of which was alleviated when C/EBP alpha was bound in the environment of the albumin promoter. This formed the basis for cooperative activation of this promoter by C/EBP alpha. Finally, we demonstrate that the leucine zipper of C/EBP alpha participates in determining the cell type specificity of albumin promoter activation, as it exerts a strong negative effect on albumin promoter activation in the nonhepatic HeLa cell line but not in HepG2 cells. These findings shed new light on the mode of action of C/EBP alpha and show a novel function for leucine zipper in cell-type-specific gene expression.

129 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The chapter indicates that fatty acid binding is associated with small conformational changes that allow the fatty acid to penetrate into the interior of the globular protein structure and enable the albumin binding sites to adapt to the configuration of the fatty acyl chain.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Bovine albumin is composed of a single polypeptide chain containing 581 amino acid residues, and there are many regions of homology in the amino acid sequence, and the polypeptide chain is folded into three similar globular domains, designated I, II, and III, composed of 185, 192, and 204 amino acid residues, respectively. This chapter describes the structure and lipid binding properties of serum albumin. The primary and secondary fatty acid binding sites are located between or within loops lined with hydrophobic amino acid side chains. Two methods have been employed to localize the binding sites within the albumin structure; one is fluorescence spectroscopy, and the other is proteolytic cleavage followed by equilibrium binding to the resulting protein fragments. Both methods of analysis indicate that the strongest fatty acid binding site is located within the third domain. The chapter indicates that fatty acid binding is associated with small conformational changes that allow the fatty acid to penetrate into the interior of the globular protein structure and enable the albumin binding sites to adapt to the configuration of the fatty acyl chain.

129 citations

Patent
19 Dec 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe albumin fusion proteins comprising growth hormone and serum albumin, as well as vectors containing these nucleic acid molecules, host cells transformed with these vectors, and methods of making the albumIN fusion proteins of the invention.
Abstract: The invention describes albumin fusion proteins comprising growth hormone and serum albumin. The invention also describes nucleic acid molecules encoding the albumin fusion proteins of the invention, as well as vectors containing these nucleic acid molecules, host cells transformed with these vectors, and methods of making the albumin fusion proteins of the invention and using these nucleic acids, vectors, and/or host cells. Additionally, the invention describes compositions comprising the albumin fusion proteins, and methods of treating patients in need of growth hormone, comprising administering the albumin fusion proteins of the invention.

129 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Antibody
113.9K papers, 4.1M citations
86% related
Cell culture
133.3K papers, 5.3M citations
83% related
Receptor
159.3K papers, 8.2M citations
83% related
Antigen
170.2K papers, 6.9M citations
83% related
Insulin
124.2K papers, 5.1M citations
83% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202379
2022208
2021267
2020296
2019295
2018323