Topic
Serum albumin
About: Serum albumin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16337 publications have been published within this topic receiving 516395 citations. The topic is also known as: blood albumin & ANALBA.
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TL;DR: Polyvinylalcohol was tested as a replacement for protein in supporting motility, acrosome reactions, and fertilizing ability of hamster spermatozoa in vitro and it was suggested that PVA may find general application in cell culture media.
Abstract: Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was tested as a replacement for protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) in supporting motility, acrosome reactions, and fertilizing ability of hamster spermatozoa in vitro. Bovine serum albumin is normally required for all of these processes. After incubation for 5--6 hours in a simple culture medium containing BSA and PVA (0.1 mg/ml) and essential low molecular weight factors from blood serum, 85% of motile spermatozoa had undergone acrosome reactions. Sperm motility was equally well maintained by PVA in the absence of BSA but virtually no spermatozoa showed acrosome reactions even after prolonged incubation. Serum factors were later replaced by hypotaurine (10 microM), isoproterenol (1 microM), and penicillamine (20 microM). Spermatozoa incubated in this defined medium with BSA alone or with BSA and PVA fertilized more than 90% of oocytes. No oocytes were penetrated when BSA was replaced by PVA although vigorous sperm motility was maintained. Polyvinylalcohol may help elucidate the mechanism of the acrosome reaction by permitting effects of protein and other substances to be studied without loss of sperm motility (viability). Polyvinylalcohol could also replace BSA in solutions used for manipulation of zona pellucida-free oocytes. It is suggested that PVA may find general application in cell culture media.
128 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time, that glycated serum albumin, not glucose, increases VEGF production in HMC, and this results confirm clinical data that the continuous exposure of the peritoneal membrane to glucose-based dialysis solutions is an important stimulus for V EGF expression.
128 citations
TL;DR: A clonal strain of epithelial cells (designated MH1C1) has been established from the transplantable Morris hepatoma No. 7795 and has maintained distinctive morphology throughout more than 20 subcultures at 2- to 4-week intervals in supplemented Ham's F 10 medium.
Abstract: A clonal strain of epithelial cells (designated MH1C1) has been established from the transplantable Morris hepatoma No. 7795. The cells have maintained distinctive morphology throughout more than 20 subcultures (split 1:5) at 2- to 4-week intervals in supplemented Ham's F 10 medium. They contain many highly refractile, round, cytoplasmic bodies which stain bright red with Oil Red O. The population doubling time was 2 wk when the clonal strain was first established. It has gradually decreased to 1 wk. The cells synthesize rat serum albumin and secrete it into the culture medium as determined immunologically by microcomplement fixation and double diffusion. Albumin secretion (3–6 µg albumin/mg cell nitrogen/24 hr) occurs throughout the logarithmic phase of cell proliferation and has not diminished during serial propagation since the strain was initiated 15 months ago.
128 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the epoxidase is an “external monooxygenase” and is located in a chloroplast compartment that remains neutral during illumination and suggests that the violaxanthin cycle is a transmembrane system wherein de-epoxidation takes place on the loculus side and epoxidation on the stroma side of the membrane.
128 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study developed a reproducible method to deplete serum samples of high-abundance proteins in order to analyze the less- abundant proteins present in serum and predicted that this would cause many smaller proteins to dissociate from their carrier molecules, allowing for detection of a larger number of peptides and small proteins.
Abstract: To detect diseases early in the general population, new diagnostic approaches are needed that have adequate sensitivity and specificity. Recent studies have used mass spectrometry to identify a serum proteomic pattern for breast and ovarian cancer. Serum contains 60–80 mg/mL protein, but 57–71% of this is serum albumin, and 8–26% are γ-globulins. These large proteins must be depleted before smaller, less-abundant proteins can be detected using mass spectrometry, but because serum albumin is known to act as a carrier for smaller proteins, removal of these molecules using columns or filtration may result in the loss of molecules of interest. The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible method to deplete serum samples of high-abundance proteins in order to analyze the less-abundant proteins present in serum. We used organic solvents to precipitate the large proteins out of solution. We also predicted that this would cause many smaller proteins to dissociate from their carrier molecules, allowing for detection of a larger number of peptides and small proteins. These treated samples were analyzed using capillary liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analysis demonstrated reproducible results. Acetonitrile treatment clearly released many carrier-bound molecular species and was superior to ultrafiltration alone for serum proteomic analysis.
128 citations