Serum albumin

About: Serum albumin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16337 publications have been published within this topic receiving 516395 citations. The topic is also known as: blood albumin & ANALBA.

Effect of ibuprofen and warfarin on the allosteric properties of haem-human serum albumin. A spectroscopic study.

Abstract: Haem binding to human serum albumin (HSA) endows the protein with peculiar spectroscopic properties. Here, the effect of ibuprofen and warfarin on the spectroscopic properties of ferric haem-human serum albumin (ferric HSA-haem) and of ferrous nitrosylated haem-human serum albumin (ferrous HSA-haem-NO) is reported. Ferric HSA-haem is hexa-coordinated, the haem-iron atom being bonded to His105 and Tyr148. Upon drug binding to the warfarin primary site, the displacement of water molecules--buried in close proximity to the haem binding pocket--induces perturbation of the electronic absorbance properties of the chromophore without affecting the coordination number or the spin state of the haem-iron, and the quenching of the 1H-NMR relaxivity. Values of Kd for ibuprofen and warfarin binding to the warfarin primary site of ferric HSA-haem, corresponding to the ibuprofen secondary cleft, are 5.4 +/- 1.1 x 10(-4) m and 2.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(-5) m, respectively. The affinity of ibuprofen and warfarin for the warfarin primary cleft of ferric HSA-haem is lower than that reported for drug binding to haem-free HSA. Accordingly, the Kd value for haem binding to HSA increases from 1.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(-8) m in the absence of drugs to 1.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(-7) m in the presence of ibuprofen and warfarin. Ferrous HSA-haem-NO is a five-coordinated haem-iron system. Drug binding to the warfarin primary site of ferrous HSA-haem-NO induces the transition towards the six-coordinated haem-iron species, the haem-iron atom being bonded to His105. Remarkably, the ibuprofen primary cleft appears to be functionally and spectroscopically uncoupled from the haem site of HSA. Present results represent a clear-cut evidence for the drug-induced shift of allosteric equilibrium(a) of HSA.

Human serum albumin and its relation with oxidative stress.

Abstract: Human serum albumin, a negative acute phase reactant and marker of nutritive status, presents at high concentrations in plasma. Albumin has always been used in many clinical states especially to improve circulatory failure. It has been showed that albumin is involved in many bioactive functions such as regulation of plasma osmotic pressure, binding and transport of various endogenous or exogenous compounds, and finally extracellular antioxidant defenses. Molecules like transferrin, caeruloplasmin, haptoglobin, uric acid, bilirubin, alpha-tocopherol, glucose, and albumin constitute extracellular antioxidant defenses in blood plasma but albumin is the most potent one. Most of the antioxidant properties of albumin can be attributed to its unique biochemical structure. The protein possesses antioxidant properties such as binding copper tightly and iron weakly, scavenging free radicals, e.g., hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and Peroxynitrite (ONOOH) and providing thiol group (-SH). Whether it is chronic or acute, during many pathological conditions, biomarkers of oxidative protein damage increase and this observation continues with considerable oxidation of human serum albumin. There is an important necessity to specify its interactions with Reactive Oxygen Species. Generally, it may lower the availability of pro-oxidants and be preferentially oxidized to protect other macromolecules but all these findings make it necessary that researchers give a more detailed explanation of albumin and its relations with oxidative stress.

The biological activity of undenatured dietary whey proteins: role of glutathione.

Abstract: This study compared the effects of different sources of whey protein concentrate (20 g/100 g diet) and of casein on the spleen, liver, and heart glutathione content of C3H/HeJ mice, and on the immune response of their spleen cells to sheep red blood cells. Body weight curves were similar in all dietary groups. Our data indicate that the humoral immune response is highest in mice fed a dietary whey protein concentrate exhibiting the highest solubility (undenatured conformation) and a greater relative concentration of the thermolabile bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulins. In addition, the mice fed this type of whey protein concentrate exhibit higher levels of tissue glutathione. The presence in the serum albumin fraction of glutamylcysteine groups (rare in food protein) and the specific intramolecular bond as related to the undenatured conformation of the molecule are considered to be key factors in the glutathione-promoting activity of the protein mixture.