Serum albumin

About: Serum albumin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16337 publications have been published within this topic receiving 516395 citations. The topic is also known as: blood albumin & ANALBA.

Serum albumin adducts in the molecular epidemiology of aflatoxin carcinogenesis: correlation with aflatoxin B1 intake and urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1

Abstract: Aflatoxin-serum albumin adducts in the blood of 42 residents of Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China, were determined and compared with intake of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and excretion of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in urine. Blood specimens were obtained during the same period that urine was collected and that diet was sampled. Serum albumin was isolated from blood by affinity chromatography on Reactive Blue 2-Sepharose and subjected to enzymatic proteolysis using Pronase. Immunoreactive products were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and quantified by competitive radioimmunoassay. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.60, P less than 0.00003) of adduct level with AFM1 excretion was observed. An equally highly significant correlation of adduct level with intake (r = 0.69, P less than 0.000001) was also observed. From the slope of the regression line for adduct level as a function of intake, it was calculated that 1.4-2.3% of ingested AFB1 becomes covalently bound to serum albumin, a value very similar to that observed when rats are administered AFB1.

Hypoalbuminemia and acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of observational clinical studies

Abstract: To test the hypothesis that hypoalbuminemia is independently associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). A meta-analysis was performed of observational clinical studies evaluating the relationship between serum albumin level and the occurrence of AKI by multivariate methods. Additionally, the impact was assessed of lower serum albumin on mortality in patients who developed AKI. Eligible studies were sought by multiple methods, and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were quantitatively combined using a random effects model. Seventeen clinical studies with 3,917 total patients were included: 11 studies (6 in surgical or intensive care unit patients and 5 in other hospital settings) evaluating the influence of serum albumin on AKI incidence and 6 studies describing the relationship between serum albumin and mortality among patients who had developed AKI. Lower serum albumin was an independent predictor both of AKI and of death after AKI development. With each 10 g L−1 serum albumin decrement, the odds of AKI increased by 134%. The pooled OR for AKI was 2.34 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.74–3.14. Among patients who had developed AKI, the odds of death rose 147% (pooled OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.51–4.05) with each 10 g L−1 serum albumin decrement. This meta-analysis provides evidence that hypoalbuminemia is a significant independent predictor both of AKI and of death following AKI development. Serum albumin determinations may be of utility in identifying patients at increased risk for AKI or for death after AKI. Controlled studies are warranted to assess interventions aimed at correcting hypoalbuminemia.

Effect of baseline serum albumin concentration on outcome of resuscitation with albumin or saline in patients in intensive care units: analysis of data from the saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) study

Abstract: Objective To determine whether outcomes of resuscitation with albumin or saline in the intensive care unit depend on patients' baseline serum albumin concentration. Design Analysis of data from a double blind, randomised controlled trial. Setting Intensive care units of 16 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Participants 6045 participants in the saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) study. Interventions Fluid resuscitation with 4% albumin or saline in patients with a baseline serum albumin concentration of 25 g/l or less or more than 25 g/l. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was all cause mortality at 28 days. Secondary outcomes were length of stay in the intensive care unit, length of stay in hospital, duration of renal replacement therapy, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Main results The odds ratios for death for albumin compared with saline for patients with a baseline serum albumin concentration of 25 g/l or less and more than 25 g/l were 0.87 and 1.09, respectively (ratio of odds ratios 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.02); P=0.08 for heterogeneity. No significant interaction was found between baseline serum albumin concentration as a continuous variable and the effect of albumin and saline on mortality. No consistent interaction was found between baseline serum albumin concentration and treatment effects on length of stay in the intensive care unit, length of hospital stay, duration of renal replacement therapy, or duration of mechanical ventilation. Conclusion The outcomes of resuscitation with albumin and saline are similar irrespective of patients' baseline serum albumin concentration. Trial registration ISRCTN76588266.

Phagocytosis of the antigen, a crucial step in the induction of the primary response

Abstract: Immunlological unresponsiveness to protein antigens can be induced in newborn animals with relatively small doses of proteins,l while in adult animals much larger amounts are required.2 3 It was recently reported by Dresser4 and confirmed by Claman5 and Battisto and Miller6 that all the molecules in a solution of bovine gamma globulin (BGG) were not homogeneous with respect to their ability to induce tolerance. Thus, relatively small doses of BGG could induce tolerance in adult mice4,^ and guinea pigs,6 provided the preparation had been subjected to ultracentrifugation before injection to remove the aggregated material, which appears to be the most antigenic fraction. These observations shed some light on the mechanisms of antigenicity and tolerance, since it is known that serum proteins which have been aggregated or denatured7' are very avidly cleared from the circulation by phagocytosis by macrophages of the reticulo-endothelial system. One might therefore consider that centrifuged BGG does not induce a primary response because it is taken up by macrophages less avidly than is the slightly aggregated material. The present work was undertaken to determine whether phagocytosis by macrophages is indeed a necessary step before an immunological response, by studying whether a protein solution deprived of "phagocytizable" particles is able to elicit antibody formation. For this reason, the antigen used in this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was first cleared of phagocytizable particles by injection intravenously into an aninmal used as a filter. The rabbit was chosen for these experiments because it is known to give a primary response to BSA under normal conditions. It was found that such a screened protein proved to be much less immunogenic than native BSA and, in a few instances, even small doses were capable of inducing tolerance. Methods.-Adult New Zealand male rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were used. Armour's crystalline bovine plasma albumin was labeled with 131 according to the method of Biozzi et al;9 the amount of bound iodine averaged 3 atoms per molecule of protein. Radioactivity was measured in a scintillation counter. Three rabbits, used as "filter-animals," were each injected with 340 or 480 mg of labeled BSA. These animals were exsanguinated 48 hr later and their serum, containing 0.85-0.86 mg BSA-I131 per ml, was collected. Each of 9 rabbits received 8.0-9.3 ml of such serum intravenously, i.e., 6.8-8.0 mg of "filtered" BSA-IL31. Each of a control group of 7 rabbits was given an equal amount of "unfiltered" BSAI'l from the same preparation. A third group of six rabbits was given 8 mg of "filtered" BSA as above, simultaneously with 2 mg of BSA denatured by heating at 70?C for 10 min. All animals were bled from the ear at 24-48-hr intervals. The amount of radioactivity per ml sample of serum was measured, and antigen disappearance curves were studied. In order to test for tolerance, some of the animals received a challenge injection of 5 mg of alumprecipitated BSA or 10 mg native BSA on the 21st day, and a 2nd injection of 10 mg native BSA on the 35th day. For evaluation of the primary response, serum samples were taken 3 days after immune elimination of the antigen from animals showing an immune response and for evaluation of the secondary response before and 7 days after challenge injections. Antibody titrations were performed by means of passive hemagglutinationl and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the

High and low inhibitor soybean meals affect human duodenal proteinase activity differently: in vivo comparison with bovine serum albumin.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high and low inhibitor soybean meals on the duodenal enzyme activities and on the possible regulatory role of gastrointestinal hormones in the pancreatic response. After an overnight fast, 11 healthy volunteers received an intraduodenal infusion of saline for 60 min. This was followed by infusion of either of three test meals: extract of raw soybeans (RS), a low inhibitor soy protein isolate (SPI) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), 10 g/h for 60 min. Then saline was again given intraduodenally for 30 min. Gastric juice was collected continuously and duodenal juice and peripheral blood samples were collected every 10 min. Duodenal chymotryptic activity was severely inhibited by RS, whereas SPI and BSA increased the chymotryptic activity. Tryptic activity showed a transient reduction (55%) during RS infusion, whereas BSA and in particular SPI increased the tryptic activity. No change was seen in amylase activity. The lack of total inhibition of tryptic activity has been studied further and is the subject of the accompanying paper. The peripheral plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) increased significantly during BSA but not during SPI or RS infusions. Thus, CCK levels were not increased by the inhibition of the proteolytic activity by RS in duodenal juice.