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Service level

About: Service level is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7647 publications have been published within this topic receiving 126093 citations. The topic is also known as: service level.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a game-theoretic framework is applied to obtain the equilibrium solutions for every entity, and the authors conclude that consumers receive higher service level when every channel member possesses equal bargaining power (e.g., vertical Nash).

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Lagrangian heuristic is developed to obtain near-optimal solutions with reasonable computational requirements for large problem instances of a two-stage supply chain that replenishes a single product at retailers.
Abstract: Most existing network design and facility location models have focused on the trade-off between the fixed costs of locating facilities and variable transportation costs between facilities and customers. However, operational performance measures such as service levels and lead times are what motivates customers to bring business to a company and should be considered in the design of a distribution network. While some previous work has considered lead times and safety stocks separately, they are closely related in practice, since safety stocks are often set relative to the distribution of demand over the lead time. In this paper we consider a two-stage supply chain with a production facility that replenishes a single product at retailers. The objective is to locate Distribution Centers (DCs) in the network such that the sum of the location and inventory (pipeline and safety stock) costs is minimized. The replenishment lead time at the DCs depends on the volume of flow through the DC. We require the DCs to c...

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A bilevel programming model for the bus frequency design is presented, which determines the optimal bus frequencies aiming to minimize the total travel time of passengers subject to the constraint on the overall fleet size of each company by accounting for the route choice behaviors of the users.
Abstract: In this paper, a bilevel programming model for the bus frequency design is presented, which determines the optimal bus frequencies aiming to minimize the total travel time of passengers subject to the constraint on the overall fleet size of each company by accounting for the route choice behaviors of the users. The objective of the lower level is to assign transit trips to bus route network based on optimal strategy. In the upper level, bus frequencies of routes are optimized as a result of passenger assignment. An iterative approach, which consists of a genetic algorithm and a label-marking method, is used to solve the bilevel model. Finally, the model and the algorithms are illustrated with two test examples. The results show that the optimization can improve the local service level of one company, and the proper integration of several companies probably improves the efficiency of resources and the service level of the whole transit system.

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Important planning tasks which have to be addressed at postal and express shipment companies are identified and corresponding optimization models are defined.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an inventory model with several demand classes, prioritised according to importance, is analyzed and the authors derive expressions for the service levels for each demand class and the average total cost per unit time.
Abstract: In this paper an inventory model with several demand classes, prioritised according to importance, is analysed. We consider a lot-for-lot or (S - 1, S) inventory model with lost sales. For each demand class there is a critical stock level at and below which demand from that class is not satisfied from stock on hand. In this way stock is retained to meet demand from higher priority demand classes. A set of such critical levels determines the stocking policy. For Poisson demand and a generally distributed lead time, we derive expressions for the service levels for each demand class and the average total cost per unit time. Efficient solution methods for obtaining optimal policies, with and without service level constraints, are presented. Numerical experiments in which the solution methods are tested demonstrate that significant cost reductions can be achieved by distinguishing between demand classes.

109 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202321
202257
2021257
2020350
2019413
2018415