Sesamum

About: Sesamum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2731 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27179 citations.

Characterization of the sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) global transcriptome using Illumina paired-end sequencing and development of EST-SSR markers

Abstract: Sesame is an important oil crop, but limited transcriptomic and genomic data are currently available. This information is essential to clarify the fatty acid and lignan biosynthesis molecular mechanism. In addition, a shortage of sesame molecular markers limits the efficiency and accuracy of genetic breeding. High-throughput transcriptomic sequencing is essential to generate a large transcriptome sequence dataset for gene discovery and molecular marker development. Sesame transcriptomes from five tissues were sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. The cleaned raw reads were assembled into a total of 86,222 unigenes with an average length of 629 bp. Of the unigenes, 46,584 (54.03%) had significant similarity with proteins in the NCBI nonredundant protein database and Swiss-Prot database (E-value < 10-5). Of these annotated unigenes, 10,805 and 27,588 unigenes were assigned to gene ontology categories and clusters of orthologous groups, respectively. In total, 22,003 (25.52%) unigenes were mapped onto 119 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database (KEGG). Furthermore, 44,750 unigenes showed homology to 15,460 Arabidopsis genes based on BLASTx analysis against The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR, Version 10) and revealed relatively high gene coverage. In total, 7,702 unigenes were converted into SSR markers (EST-SSR). Dinucleotide SSRs were the dominant repeat motif (67.07%, 5,166), followed by trinucleotide (24.89%, 1,917), tetranucleotide (4.31%, 332), hexanucleotide (2.62%, 202), and pentanucleotide (1.10%, 85) SSRs. AG/CT (46.29%) was the dominant repeat motif, followed by AC/GT (16.07%), AT/AT (10.53%), AAG/CTT (6.23%), and AGG/CCT (3.39%). Fifty EST-SSRs were randomly selected to validate amplification and to determine the degree of polymorphism in the genomic DNA pools. Forty primer pairs successfully amplified DNA fragments and detected significant amounts of polymorphism among 24 sesame accessions. This study demonstrates that Illumina paired-end sequencing is a fast and cost-effective approach to gene discovery and molecular marker development in non-model organisms. Our results provide a comprehensive sequence resource for sesame research.

Nutritional, Medicinal and Industrial Uses of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seeds - An Overview

Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) seeds have been grown in tropical regions throughout the world since prehistoric times Sesame seed, a rich source of protein, is one of the first crops processed for oil production Its non-culinary application includes its use as an ingredient in soap, cosmetics, lubricants and medicines Sesame seeds also contain two unique substances: sesamin and sesamolin known to have a cholesterol lowering effect in humans and to prevent high blood pressure Both of these were also reported to increase the hepatic mitochondrial and the peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation rate in experimental animals Cephalin, a phospholipid from sesame seed has been reported to possess hemostatic activity The oil has wide medical and pharmaceutical applications It is mildly laxative, emollient and demulcent The seeds and fresh leaves may be used as a poultice Th e antibacterial activity of seeds against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus as well as common skin fungi, such as athlete’s foot fungus has also been well recognized The oil is also known to maintain high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) Refined sesame oil is rich with antioxidant components like lignans allowing for greater shelf-life of foods plus improving their flavor and taste In addition to its use as an antioxidant, sesame oil contains a large amount of linoleate in triglyceride form that selectively inhibit malignant melanoma growth Off -late, the work has also been oriented towards the production of biodiesel from sesame seed oil as a viable alternative to the diesel fuel The ethno-botanical and medicinal uses of this commercially important, nutritionally rich oilseed need to be explored for better utilization

Genome sequencing of the high oil crop sesame provides insight into oil biosynthesis

Abstract: Background: Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., is considered the queen of oilseeds for its high oil content and quality, and is grown widely in tropical and subtropical areas as an important source of oil and protein. However, the molecular biology of sesame is largely unexplored. Results: Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence of sesame assembled de novo with a contig N50 of 52.2 kb and a scaffold N50 of 2.1 Mb, containing an estimated 27,148 genes. The results reveal novel, independent whole genome duplication and the absence of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain in resistance genes. Candidate genes and oil biosynthetic pathways contributing to high oil content were discovered by comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses. These revealed the expansion of type 1 lipid transfer genes by tandem duplication, the contraction of lipid degradation genes, and the differential expression of essential genes in the triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway, particularly in the early stage of seed development. Resequencing data in 29 sesame accessions from 12 countries suggested that the high genetic diversity of lipid-related genes might be associated with the wide variation in oil content. Additionally, the results shed light on the pivotal stage of seed development, oil accumulation and potential key genes for sesamin production, an important pharmacological constituent of sesame. Conclusions: As an important species from the order Lamiales and a high oil crop, the sesame genome will facilitate future research on the evolution of eudicots, as well as the study of lipid biosynthesis and potential genetic improvement of sesame.

Identification of sesame seed allergens by 2-dimensional proteomics and Edman sequencing: seed storage proteins as common food allergens.

Abstract: Background: Sesame seed allergy is becoming increasingly prevalent, probably because of its use in international fast-food and bakery products. Despite this fact, few studies have focused on the identification of its major allergenic proteins. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify allergenic proteins of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) . Methods: Extracted sesame seed proteins were separated by means of SDS-PAGE and 2-dimensional (2-D) PAGE. Immunolabeling was performed with individual patient sera from 20 patients with sesame seed allergy. Selected proteins were further analyzed by means of Edman sequencing. Results: IgE-binding proteins were identified at 78, 52, 45, 34, 32, 29, 25, 20, 9, and 7 kd. Analyzing internal sequences, the protein at 45 kd, which was recognized by 75% of the patients, was found to be a 7S vicilin-type globulin, a seed storage protein of sesame and named Ses i 3. The protein at 7 kd was found to be a 2S albumin, another seed storage protein of sesame and named Ses i 2. Seed storage proteins are known food allergens in peanut, walnut, Brazil nut, and soybean. Interestingly, one known IgE-binding epitope of the peanut allergen Ara h 1 has 80% homology with the corresponding area of Ses i 3. The different amino acids were previously shown not to be critical for IgE binding in Ara h 1. In addition, the proteins at 78 and 34 kd were found to be homologous to the embryonic abundant protein and the seed maturation protein of soybeans, respectively. Conclusion: The identification of 4 sesame seed allergens is the first step toward generating recombinant allergens for use in future immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, the detection of conserved IgE binding epitopes in common food allergens might be a useful tool for predicting cross-reactivity to certain foods. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110:154-9.)