Showing papers on "Sessile drop technique published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface free energy and surface tension of solid metals reported in the literature are compared and preferred values for preferred values are suggested, the basic criteria which determine the value of obtained results are shown.
Abstract: Measurements of surface free energy and surface tension of solid metals reported in the literature are collected and compared and preferred values are suggested. The basic criteria which determine the value of obtained results are shown.
271 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of surface tension measurements of liquid iron and iron-oxygen alloys by the oscillating droplet method using the levitation technique were compared to those obtained by the sessile drop method, the technique most frequently employed for surface tension measurement of liquid metals.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the condition for high wettability of non-metallic solids by multicomponent melts is shown to be a combination of high affinity of a component for solid phase atoms with high thermodynamical activity of this component in the melt.
Abstract: The wettability of sapphire, quartz and graphite by gallium, gallium-based binary alloys with indium, tin, copper, silver, nickel, manganese, chromium, vanadium and titanium and by ternary Cu-Ga-Ti, Cu-Ga-Cr and Cu-Ga-Mn alloys has been studied by sessile drop, plate weight and meniscus form methods. The character and intensity of contact reactions and the composition of transition layers at the solid—melt boundary have been investigated by X-ray analysis and profilographic measurements and the correlation between the wettability and the contact reaction intensity has been established. The condition for high wettability of non-metallic solids by multicomponent melts is shown to be a combination of high affinity of a component for solid phase atoms with high thermodynamical activity of this component in the melt.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface tension of the b'column of the 6th group of the Periodic Table (O, S, Se and Te) and the contact angle between molten iron and solid oxides have been measured with sessile drop method.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of selenium and tellurium on the surface tension of molten iron and on the Wettability of alumina by molten iron were measured with sessile drop method at 1600°C and results were discussed together with those of oxygen and sulphur.
Abstract: Effects of selenium and tellurium on the surface tension of molten iron and on the Wettability of alumina by molten iron were measured with sessile drop method at 1600°C and results were discussed together with those of oxygen and sulphur.The main results are as follows.(1) Selenium and tellurium acted as the surface active agents and the surface activity increased in the order of: oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium.(2) The contact angle between molten iron and alumina decreased with the addition of oxygen and increased with the additions of selenium and tellurium. While, sulphur scarcely affected the contact angle.(3) The interfacial free energy between molten iron and alumina decreased with the increasing of these elements.(4) The work of adhesion between molten iron and alumina decreased with the increasing of sulphur, selenium, and tellurium, and increased with the increasing of oxygen.
36 citations
TL;DR: Sessile drop experiments of lead borosilicate glass (liquid) on silver, gold, and platinum were performed in air, vacuum and helium at 700° C as discussed by the authors, and strong adherence or bonding with the glass occurred for all three metals in air due to reactions with a thin oxide film present on the metal surfaces.
Abstract: Sessile drop experiments of lead borosilicate glass (liquid) on silver, gold and platinum were performed in air, vacuum and helium at 700° C. Wetting occurred in all cases. Strong adherence or bonding with the glass occurred for all three metals in air due to reactions with a thin oxide film present on the metal surfaces, and for silver in vacuum due to a redox reaction. Experiments in helium lead to poor adherence with all three metals.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Laplace formula was used to calculate the excess pressure and obtain the surface tension of a liquid drop in the simulation of a 12-6 fluid, which only required the vapour density, or at most the virial pressure.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface tension σ of liquid gallium and indium in a palladium-diffused hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures up to 1150 K was evaluated. Small and large sessile drops of gallium have σ(TMP) = 680 mJ m−2 at the melting point and a temperature dependence d σ d T = −0.091 mJm −2 K −1.
Abstract: We report an evaluation of the surface tension σ of liquid gallium and indium in a palladium-diffused hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures up to 1150 K. Small and large sessile drops of gallium have σ(TMP) = 680 mJ m−2 at the melting point and a temperature dependence d σ d T = −0.091 mJ m −2 K −1 . Large sessile drops of indium have σ(TMP) = 560 mJ m−2 at the melting point and a temperature dependence d σ d T = −0.10 mJ m −2 K −1 .
24 citations
TL;DR: Sessile drop experiments of molten silver and nickel were performed in air and helium at 970 ˚ C as discussed by the authors, and a NiO layer formed at the interface in air; silver formed a 90 ǫ contact angle.
Abstract: Sessile drop experiments of molten silver and nickel were performed in air and helium at 970‡ C. A NiO layer formed at the interface in air; silver formed a 90‡ contact angle. In helium silver formed a 9‡ contact angle on nickel. The role of solution reactions in forming these angles is discussed.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the suitability of attracting drops of magnetic fluids from low energy surfaces for magnetic printing was investigated, and the shape was observed up to the rupture point as a function of field strength.
6 citations
01 May 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of gas-phase photochlorination on the wettability of polypropylene foils was studied with foils under the following conditions: room temperature, chlorine pressures from 3 × 102 up to 8 × 104 Pa, and chlorine partial pressures from 2 × 102 at a total pressure of 8 ×104 Pa, UV light with a radiation density of 1400 W/m2 at the sample.
Abstract: The effect of gas-phase photochlorination on the wettability of polypropylene was studied with foils under the following conditions: room temperature, chlorine pressures from 3 × 102 up to 8 × 104 Pa, and chlorine partial pressures from 2 × 102 up to 8 × 104 Pa at a total pressure of 8 × 104 Pa, UV light with a radiation density of 1400 W/m2 at the sample. The photochlorinated samples were further treated in boiling 2 N NaOH or in air at 383°K. The wettability was studied with water and methyleneiodide using the sessile drop method. By photochlorination the specific surface free energy increases from 25.8 × 10−3 to 50.7 × 10−3 J/m2, which is exclusively due to an increase of the dispersive part. By hydrolysis treatment the polar part of the specific surface free energy increases from 0.5 × 10−3 to 18.3 × 10−3 J/m2, whereas the total specific surface free energy is nearly unaltered. By the heat treatment the wettability by both liquids is diminished to a small extent. This phenomenon is explained by conformational changes of the polymer chains in the surface.
TL;DR: In this article, the axisymmetric profile of a sessile drop was analyzed to relate the drop height, H, and equatorial diameter, D, to the contact radius with 180° contact angle, R, and the ratio of buoyant to interfacial tension forces.
01 Dec 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a technique for measuring the interfacial tension between two liquids, one of which may be in a metastable state, is presented, where a drop of one liquid is acoustically levitated in the other liquid (host) and also driven into quadrupole shape oscillations.
Abstract: : A technique is presented for measuring the interfacial tension between two liquids, one of which may be in a metastable state. A drop of one liquid is acoustically levitated in the other liquid (host) and also acoustically driven into quadrupole shape oscillations. The frequencies associated with several phase angles near the quadrupole resonance of the drop and the diameter of the drop are measured, which allows the interfacial tension to be calculated given the densities of both the drop and the host liquids. Because the host liquid provides a very smooth and clean container for the levitated drop, and because the shape oscillation is excited acoustically, without contact with a solid surface, the drop may survive in the superheated state for a long enough time for the experiments to be conducted. A simplified model was developed for describing the free oscillation and forced oscillation of a drop freely suspended in a host. The results of the simplified model agree well with that of previous theories. The accuracy of this technique was tested by measuring the interfacial tension between water and each of two common liquids.