Showing papers on "Settlement (litigation) published in 1981"
Book•
01 Apr 1981
336 citations
Posted Content•
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Mines et al. as mentioned in this paper studied cross-border Mexican migration by collecting detailed information about one binational migratory village-based community and found that migrants are generally poor rural or urban dwellers who depend on reciprocity networks of mutual exchange with their friends and relatives and not on public institutions for their survival.
Abstract: Author(s): Mines, Richard | Abstract: This study sought to take a close-up look at cross-border Mexican migration by collecting detailed information about one binational migratory village-based community. five major findings have resulted from this investigation: 1. Migrants are generally poor rural or urban dwellers who depend on reciprocity networks of mutual exchange with their friends and relatives and not on public institutions for their survival. 2. Migratory networks undergo a maturation process over time. 3. Job and social mobility within these networks is a function of who you know, not what you know. 4. The skills, money, and goods repatriated to Mexico from the US tend to raise the consumptive not the productive level of the sending areas. 5. The continual introduction of new, immature kin networks and the inability of some older ones to obtain good job contacts in the US accentuates the dualism inherent in the US job market.
166 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the relative social desirability of four methods for allocating legal costs, namely, under the American system, where each side bears its own costs; under the "indemnity" or British system, whereby the losing side bears all costs; and under the system favoring the plaintiff whereby the plaintiff pays only his own costs if he loses and nothing otherwise.
Abstract: Will a party who believes that he has a legally admissible claim for money damages decide to bring suit? if so, will he subsequently settle with the opposing party or will he go ahead to trial? These questions are analyzed under four methods for allocating legal costs, namely, under the American system, whereby each side bears its own costs; under the "indemnity" or British system, whereby the losing side bears all costs; under the system favoring the plaintiff whereby the plaintiff pays only his own costs if he loses and nothing otherwise; and under the system favor the defendant, whereby the defendant pays only his own costs if he loses and nothing otherwise. Following the analysis, two brief illustrations are considered and comments are made on the relative social desirability of the methods of allocating legal costs.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a theoretical model which explicitly relates certain aspects of political complexity to variation in settlement size and showed how this model is useful in measuring the number of levels in a regional hierarchy, the degree of political centralization, and the relative amount of surplus food mobilized to support the political establishment.
Abstract: Archaeologists have long recognized that increases in political centralization often coincide with the growth of regional settlement hierarchies. Here I develop a theoretical model which explicitly relates certain aspects of political complexity to variation in settlement size. This model applies specifically to hierarchical societies without well-developed market economies—societies which Service would classify as chiefdoms and (perhaps) simple states. Using settlement data from the Formative Period Valley of Mexico, I show how this model is useful in measuring (1) the number of levels in a regional hierarchy, (2) the degree of political centralization, and (3) the relative amount of surplus food mobilized to support the political establishment.
124 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper studied cross-border Mexican migration by collecting detailed information about one binational migratory village-based community and found that migrants are generally poor rural or urban dwellers who depend on reciprocity networks of mutual exchange with their friends and relatives.
Abstract: This study sought to take a close-up look at cross-border Mexican migration by collecting detailed information about one binational migratory village-based community. five major findings have resulted from this investigation: 1. Migrants are generally poor rural or urban dwellers who depend on reciprocity networks of mutual exchange with their friends and relatives and not on public institutions for their survival. 2. Migratory networks undergo a maturation process over time. 3. Job and social mobility within these networks is a function of who you know, not what you know. 4. The skills, money, and goods repatriated to Mexico from the US tend to raise the consumptive not the productive level of the sending areas. 5. The continual introduction of new, immature kin networks and the inability of some older ones to obtain good job contacts in the US accentuates the dualism inherent in the US job market.
108 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the making and breaking of social democracy in the UK and its relationship with education and the sociology of education, and the history of the 1970s' education offensive.
Abstract: Preface Part 1: Social democracy: the making 1. Perspectives on schooling and politics 2. Popular dilemmas, radical strategies and the inter-war Labour Party 3. Conservatism, citizenship and the 1944 settlement 4. Origins of the 1960s' settlement Part 2: Social democracy: the limits Introduction 5. Great expectations: the noise and practice of reform 6. The sociology of education: a critique 7. Schooling, skilling and social relations Conclusion Part 3: Social democracy: the breaking 8. Recession, protest and absent defence 9. Turning the tables: the Conservative education offensive 10. Labour's appropriation: the Great Debate and after 11. The rise of the Manpower Services Commission By no means concluded Notes and references Index
94 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that for a given species there is an optlmal time to spawn and an optimal time for the larva to settle and that a species in which two or more alternative strategies appear supportable may select that strategy which appropriately 'bridges' the period between the optimal time tospawn and to settle.
Abstract: Evidence for nudibranch molluscs is presented which shows a clear relationship between egg-size and developmental mode (planktotrophic, lecithotrophic and direct development), egg-size and development time, and thereby larval strategy and development time. Egg-to-juvenile periods differ significantly according to strategy, with lecithotrophic pelagic development being the briefest, and planktotrophic development the longest. In addition, support of the lecithotrophic strategy necessitates a greater absolute calorific threshold on the part of the adult than does the planktotrophic strategy. It is proposed that for a given species there is an optlmal time to spawn (when standing crop IS at a peak) and an optimal time for the larva to settle. While accepting that in selecting for a particular strategy a compromise must be struck between such mediating factors as total and relative energy demand on the adult, egg numbers, individual probabilities of larval survival, and especially dispersal requirements, the settlement-timing hypothesis may be instrumental in resolving some paradoxical situations. Thus, for example, a species in which two or more alternative strategies appear supportable, in energetic terms, may select that strategy which appropriately 'bridges' the period between the optimal time to spawn and to settle.
91 citations
TL;DR: Further studies confirm the authors’ previous contention that patients suffering from the post-traumatic syndrome (PTS) do recover from this syndrome and return to full-time work before litigation is settled.
Abstract: Further studies confirm the authors' previous contention that patients suffering from the post-traumatic syndrome (PTS) do recover from this syndrome and return to full-time work before litigation is settled. Failure to have returned to work by the time of settlement indicates a bad prognosis, and such patients rarely return to work afterwards; the older the patient the worse the prognosis.
58 citations
TL;DR: By the end of the Middle Ages both the southern inland areas and all the coastal districts of Finland had been permanently settled as discussed by the authors and the number of farmsteads in those areas of Finland which belonged the Kingdom of Sweden-Finland had risen to more than 33,000 and of these farms over 90 per cent belonged to free, land-owning peasants.
Abstract: By the end of the Middle Ages both the southern inland areas and all the coastal districts of Finland had been permanently settled. Inland the northern border of the settled area ran along the 62nd parallel of latitude, but in the east, near the border between Sweden—Finland and Russia, settlement had expanded somewhat further north. On the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia and in the valleys of the Tornio and Kemi rivers which empty into it, permanent settlements extended as far as the arctic circle. By mid-sixteenth century the number of farmsteads in those areas of Finland which belonged the the Kingdom of Sweden—Finland had risen to more than 33,000 and of these farms over 90 per cent belonged to free, land-owning peasants.
56 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the pattern of settlement and ecology of the Nuaulu, a group of sedentary swidden cultivators and hunters of southcentral Seram (Eastern Indonesia), is described.
Abstract: This book is about the pattern of settlement and ecology of the Nuaulu, a group of sedentary swidden cultivators and hunters of southcentral Seram (Eastern Indonesia). It has three inter-related aims: to describe and account for nuaulu settlement; to outline and exemplify a suitable method of assessing the fine inter-action of cultural and ecological variables in small scale communities; and to explore the usefulness of a generative form of analysis in this respect.
Book•
01 Jan 1981
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In a follow-up article as discussed by the authors, the same authors examined the internal balance of the settlement, the anomalous separate adoption of Agrippa Postumus and the decline and fall of the younger Julia, and found that Germanicus' marriage was integral to Augustus' settlement of 26 June a.d. 4.
Abstract: In a recently published article I have suggested an amendment of the textual crux in Suetonius, Tiberius 21. 4 and an interpretation of the passage as providing direct evidence that the arrangement of the marriages of Germanicus and the younger Drusus was integral to Augustus' settlement of 26 June a.d. 4, even if (as seems on balance likely) they were not celebrated until early 5. This view differs from the more usual assumption that while the marriages took place in 5, the date of their arrangement was not particularly significant, or from the possibility implied by Levick that Germanicus' marriage may have been arranged to placate the ‘faction’ (or what remained of it) of the elder Julia after the consolidation in 4 of the position of Livia's descendants. The more precise hypothesis that the marriages were intended as part of the settlement may help us to bring into sharper focus some of the political events of the next few years, and this article attempts to do so; in particular it looks at ( a ) the internal balance of the settlement; ( b ) the anomalous separate adoption of Agrippa Postumus; and ( c ) the decline and fall of Agrippa Postumus and the younger Julia. First, however, some further observations on the hypothesis in my earlier article.
TL;DR: The preference for the arbitral, as opposed to the judicial, settlement of state contract disputes is attributable to a number of reasons, some of which are conventional and others the consequence of contemporary developments as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Agreements providing for the arbitral settlement of disputes arising out of contracts between foreign sovereigns and private contracting parties have become a permanent feature of transnational commerce. This particular favor for the arbitral, as opposed to the judicial, settlement of state contract disputes is attributable to a number of reasons, some of which are conventional and others the consequence of contemporary developments. Traditionally, arbitration has proved attractive because of the special expertise that it may provide and lack of publicity, which may increase the willingness of the losing party to comply with the award.
Book•
01 Jun 1981
TL;DR: In this article, living conditions and settlement trends in seventeen nations which comprise three fifth of the world's population are analyzed, and the causes of settlement problems and how governments are coming to terms with them.
Abstract: Outlines living conditions and settlement trends in seventeen nations which comprise three fifths of the world's population. Describes current government policy in each nation, and the impact of that policy on living conditions. Analyzes the causes of settlement problems and shows how governments are coming to terms with them.
Book•
01 Jan 1981TL;DR: In this article, the determinants of labor management disputes and their settlement in the private sector in Jordan are discussed and discussed in the context of labor-management disputes in the Jordanian private sector.
Abstract: Determinants of labor-management disputes and their settlement in the private sector in Jordan، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
TL;DR: Archeological research in the Admiralty Islands provides evidence of occupation by 3500 years ago and suggests settlement by obsidian-using maritime colonists, whose Lapita pottery style underwent gradual modification within the Admiralties.
Abstract: Archeological research in the Admiralty Islands provides evidence of occupation by 3500 years ago and suggests settlement by obsidian-using maritime colonists, whose Lapita pottery style underwent gradual modification within the Admiralties.
01 Sep 1981
01 Apr 1981
TL;DR: A Caltech anthropologist discusses a four-stage development framework that may explain the relative success or failure of new lands settlement projects as mentioned in this paper, and discusses the four stages of a land settlement process.
Abstract: A Caltech anthropologist discusses a four-stage development framework that may explain the relative success or failure of new lands settlement projects
TL;DR: In this paper, the Bronze Age settlement patterns in Southwest Cyprus have been studied and the authors propose a method to identify the most important Bronze Age settlements in the area of modern Cyprus.
Abstract: (1981). Bronze Age Settlement Patterns in Southwest Cyprus. Levant: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 51-87.
TL;DR: The Indian court system is by all accounts unusual as mentioned in this paper, the proceedings are extraordinarily dilatory and comparatively expensive; a single issue is often fragmented into a multitude of court actions; execution of judgements is haphazard; the lawyers frequently seem both incompetent and unethical; false witness is commonplace; and the probity of judges is habitually suspect.
Abstract: The Indian court system is by all accounts unusual. The proceedings are extraordinarily dilatory and comparatively expensive; a single issue is often fragmented into a multitude of court actions; execution of judgements is haphazard; the lawyers frequently seem both incompetent and unethical; false witness is commonplace; and the probity of judges is habitually suspect. Above all, the courts are often unable to bring about a settlement of the disputes that give rise to litigation. So great are these failings that the Indian judicial process can reasonably be seen as a ‘pathology’of a legal system.
01 Mar 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the Rural Aspect of the Settlement Pattern of the Coastal Plain in the Middle Bronze Age II is discussed. But the authors do not discuss the relationship between the settlement pattern and the number of people living in the area.
Abstract: (1981). The Rural Aspect of the Settlement Pattern of the Coastal Plain in the Middle Bronze Age II. Tel Aviv: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 45-80.