Showing papers on "Settlement (litigation) published in 2021"

Integrating multicriteria decision-making analysis for a GIS-based settlement area in the district of Atakum, Samsun, Turkey

Abstract: The last century witnessed a boom in the world population, reaching an unprecedented level. In particular, in recent decades, the population has concentrated in cities. Migration from rural areas to urban areas brings many problems to urban areas, necessitating the opening of new settlement areas. These new settlement areas that are needed are mostly determined in line with the initiatives of local authorities based on the situation of infrastructure facilities, not scientific evaluations. If the wrong places are selected, various natural events each year may cause the loss of property and lives, in addition to significant amounts of energy consumption. This study uses various parameters and creates a method for place selection based on multiple criteria. The district of Atakum in the city of Samsun, which has been subject to continuous migration and where new settlement areas have been established, is selected as the study area. Within the scope of this study, in addition to landslide and flood risks, which constitute the most important natural disasters in the region, situations of high voltage electricity transmission lines in places where the establishment of a residential area would be objectionable are evaluated. The situation of biocomfort, which is significantly important, especially with respect to energy efficiency as well as human health, peace, and comfort, is also evaluated. This study is conducted based on these criteria, and as a result, it calculates that only 15.11% of the district of Atakum is appropriate for use as a settlement area. In addition to serving as a reference for the short- and long-term area planning studies that will be conducted in the region, this study also holds significance due to the new perspective it offers regarding urban planning studies.

What attorneys should understand about Medicare set-aside allocations: How Medicare Set-Aside Allocation Is Going to Be Used to Accelerate Settlement Claims in Catastrophic Personal Injury Cases

Abstract: Medicare Set-Aside Allocation (MSA) is not required by federal statute, nor isthere a legal requirement to create an MSA.

What Drives Migrants to Settle in Chinese Cities: a Panel Data Analysis

Abstract: Understanding the drivers of the floating population’s settlement intentions in Chinese cities is vital to guide evidence-based urban economic development policies. Prior studies have been inclined to use static cross-sectional analysis providing insights into the relative importance of the factors that drive the distribution of urban settlement intentions. Yet, little has adopted longitudinal data approaches to delve into their spatial-temporal patterns and changes in determinants. This study applies China Migrants Dynamic Survey data of 2014–2017 to examine the spatial distribution of urban settlement intentions of floating migrants and their determinants over time. It reveals a persistent and spatially differentiated pattern of urban settlement intentions, where floating migrants relocating to some small and medium-sized cities in several northern parts of China are more willing to settle down. Results from a two-way fixed-effects panel model indicate that both internal motivations and external constraints are closely related to the settlement decision process of floating migrants. The number of family members living together, marriage rate, duration of stay, insurance coverage, the average wage of employees, the proportion of employees in the education industry, and per capita fiscal expenditure positively correlate with settlement intentions, while the proportion of interprovincial floating migrants and urban employment rate have a negative relationship with settlement intentions. Our results further suggest that internal drivers are a prerequisite for external drivers to play a role in driving the urban settlement of migrants.

Refugee Admissions and Public Safety: Are Refugee Settlement Areas More Prone to Crime?

Abstract: According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the number of refugees worldwide rose to 25.9 million in 2018. Despite the increased need for refugee resettlements, resistance to th...

Practicing critical media literacy education with/for young migrants : Lessons learned from a participatory action research project

Abstract: During settlement, migrant youth negotiate between various transitional spaces, which include educational, mediated and transnational spaces. To what extent can critical media literacy education ac...

The persistence of ancient settlements and urban sustainability.

Abstract: We propose a dedicated research effort on the determinants of settlement persistence in the ancient world, with the potential to significantly advance the scientific understanding of urban sustainability today. Settlements (cities, towns, villages) are locations with two key attributes: They frame human interactions and activities in space, and they are where people dwell or live. Sustainability, in this case, focuses on the capacity of structures and functions of a settlement system (geography, demography, institutions) to provide for continuity of safe habitation. The 7,000-y-old experience of urbanism, as revealed by archaeology and history, includes many instances of settlements and settlement systems enduring, adapting to, or generating environmental, institutional, and technological changes. The field of urban sustainability lacks a firm scientific foundation for understanding the long duree, relying instead on narratives of collapse informed by limited case studies. We argue for the development of a new interdisciplinary research effort to establish scientific understanding of settlement and settlement system persistence. Such an effort would build upon the many fields that study human settlements to develop new theories and databases from the extensive documentation of ancient and premodern urban systems. A scientific foundation will generate novel insights to advance the field of urban sustainability.

Realised pedestrian accessibility of an informal settlement in Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract: To date, little is known about the interplay between transport, land use and the social systems that influence potential and realised accessibility in Southeast Asia. This paper aims to understand ...

Policing corporate bribery: negotiated settlements and bundling

Abstract: The rapid increase of negotiated out of court settlements in corporate crime cases has attracted significant academic attention How the terms of settlements are constructed, however, remains under

No Country for Asylum Seekers? How Short-Term Exposure to Refugees Influences Attitudes and Voting Behavior in Hungary

Abstract: How does exposure to refugees influence political behavior? We present evidence from Hungary, a country with widespread anti-immigration attitudes, that short term exposure during the 2015 refugee crisis predicts anti-refugee voting and sentiment We code exposure to refugees at the settlement level using reports from state media, an independent online news site, and an online social media aggregator Settlements through which refugees traveled showed significantly higher anti-refugee voting in a national referendum in 2016 The effect decreases sharply with distance Using a difference-in-differences model, we find that the far-right opposition gained, while the governing right-wing party lost votes in these settlements in subsequent parliamentary elections This suggests incumbents are punished by voters skeptical of immigration regardless of their policy position Survey data supports this finding of a competition among right-wing parties, as individuals in exposed settlements are more fearful of immigrants and support restrictive policies only if they identify as right-wing

The Effects of Health on the Settlement Intention of Rural–Urban Migrants: Evidence from Eight Chinese Cities

Abstract: The growing number of rural–urban migrants in China has made it important to understand the factors contributing to this migration. By using data from a nationally representative survey and multilevel logistic regression, this study examines the extent to which the health of rural–urban migrants influences their settlement intention in the cities chosen as their destinations. It goes beyond past studies by disentangling the complexity of settlement intention into short- and long-term decisions, and by examining the moderating role of social support provided by the host society. The results of regression analysis revealed that physical and mental health play a crucial role in shaping the settlement intention of migrants, but their effects are not always identical in cases of short- and long-term intentions. Migrants consider their mental rather than physical health when reporting short-term settlement intention, and assign greater importance to physical health than mental health when indicating long-term settlement intention. Furthermore, the relationship between migrants’ health and their settlement intention is moderated by social support from local residents and the local neighbourhood. These results highlight the importance of reducing health inequality across social groups to allow for inclusive urbanization in China.

The Impact of the Anti-Poverty Relocation and Settlement Program on Rural Households’ Well-Being and Ecosystem Dependence: Evidence from Western China

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of China’s anti-poverty relocation and settlement program (ARSP) on both human well-being and ecosystem conservation, we divide the relationship between household well-being ...

God’s just Gaza war: futurity foreclosed through evangelical apocalypse as orthogonal promise of Eretz Israel

Abstract: After the evacuation of the Gush Katif settlement and intensifying with the 2008–2009 Israeli War on Gaza, the border town of Sderot and its surrounding landscape became, for American Christian Zio...

“Now is the real Jungle!” Institutional hunting and migrants’ survival after the eviction of the Calais camp:

Abstract: The refugee makeshift settlement of Calais, globally known as the “Calais Jungle”, was dismantled in October 2016. Its existence, as a spectacle repeatedly spread by the media all over the world, w...

Evidence for European presence in the Americas in ad 1021

Abstract: Transatlantic exploration took place centuries before the crossing of Columbus. Physical evidence for early European presence in the Americas can be found in Newfoundland, Canada1,2. However, it has thus far not been possible to determine when this activity took place3–5. Here we provide evidence that the Vikings were present in Newfoundland in ad 1021. We overcome the imprecision of previous age estimates by making use of the cosmic-ray-induced upsurge in atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations in ad 993 (ref. 6). Our new date lays down a marker for European cognisance of the Americas, and represents the first known point at which humans encircled the globe. It also provides a definitive tie point for future research into the initial consequences of transatlantic activity, such as the transference of knowledge, and the potential exchange of genetic information, biota and pathologies7,8. Precise dating of wooden artefacts at a Norse settlement in Newfoundland establishes that the Norse were in the Americas in ad 1021.

The community settlement: a neo-rural territorial tool

Abstract: The Israeli Community Settlements are small-scale non-agricultural villages that consist of a limited number of families and a homogenous character. This method began to be used by the Israeli gove...

Can natives be settlers? Emptiness, settlement and indigeneity on the settler colonial frontier in Chile:

Abstract: Under settler colonialism, dispossession is enabled by discursive strategies aimed at curtailing indigenous entitlement to land. One such strategy is the mutual determination of the native-settler ...

Policy implementation and refugee settlement: The perceptions and experiences of street-level bureaucrats in Launceston, Tasmania:

Abstract: The roles played by professional frontline service providers in the implementation of refugee settlement policy in Australia have not been researched in depth Australia plays a leading part in set

Public Policy and Projects: Impact of Intranational Jurisdictional Concurrency on Construction Disputes

Abstract: Without conclusive settlement of disputes, uses of public sector infrastructure projects as public policy instruments might risk impeachment With this in mind, we set out in this study to

Hiding in plain sight: recovering public administration’s lost legacy of social justice

Abstract: Following Camilla Stivers’ historical account in Bureau Men/Settlement Women, this paper traces social equity within public administration to the Progressive Era and specifically to the New Deal wh...

Simplification of Law Regulations in Copyright Criminal Act Settlement

Abstract: The existence of overlapping laws and regulations in the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) sector creates conflicts in their implementation. For example, the obligation to mediate as a condition for carrying out criminal charges for copyright infringement is based on Article 95 paragraph (4) of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Mediation provisions in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration are a way of settling civil disputes outside the court to settle by deliberation and consensus with the help of a mediator. Meanwhile, mediation based on Perma Number 1 of 2008 is intended as an obligation for judges at the first level court in the District Court and Religious Courts in the context of resolving civil disputes. Settlement of copyright disputes is the authority of the Commercial Court, as a special court within the general court environment. However, the Commercial Court does not apply the obligation of mediation. The study results indicate that the simplification of legislation in the intellectual property sector will result in quality, simple, orderly legislation that will also increase investment, create employment opportunities, reduce the burden on society and the efficiency of the state budget. Keywords: Simplification; Copyright; Criminal Act Settlement

Supply-side Territoriality: reshaping a geopolitical project according to economic means

Abstract: The ‘Stars’ are series of suburban settlements adjacent to the border with the occupied West-Bank which illustrate the increasing privatisation of the Israeli settlement mechanism. Unlike earlier examples, which were dictated by pioneer ideology or individualistic attempts to achieve better living standards, during the 1990s the state adopted a supply-side territorial policy, which tried to ensure the continuation of its geopolitical project by securing the economic feasibility of the private sector. Analysing the development of the ‘Stars’, this paper sheds light on the privatisation and commodification of the Israeli settlement mechanism and with it the transformation of its spatial product.

The Effect of Fee Shifting on Litigation: Evidence from a Policy Innovation in Intermediate Cost Shifting

Abstract: We study the effect of fee shifting rules on litigation. First, we build a model to study the theoretical effect of a change in cost-recovery rules on case filings, (postfiling) settlement, win rates, and plaintiffs’ average litigation expenditures. We then undertake an empirical analysis of the introduction of an intermediate cost shifting rule that falls between the English and American Rules: a reform that limits the size of fee awards to successful litigants in cases decided by the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC), one of two venues where IP cases may be filed in England and Wales. Our empirical analysis takes advantage of heterogeneity among case types and compares IPEC cases with intellectual property cases litigated at the PHC of England and Wales, which was not subject to this reform. We find that patent case filings increased following the IPEC’s shift from a pure English Rule to a rule that caps costs awards. Consistent with our model’s predictions, we also find evidence that smaller plaintiffs both won less often and settled more often postreform, as well as evidence that larger plaintiffs spent less on litigation postreform.

Litigation Spending and Care under the English and American Rules: Experimental Evidence

Abstract: We investigate the effects of fee-shifting in an experimental litigation game In our setup, a defendant may cause harm to a plaintiff The defendant can take precautions to lower the probability of harm at a personal cost In case of harm, the parties go to court, where the winner is determined by a rent-seeking contest We compare two fee-shifting rules: under the American rule each party bears its own litigation costs; under the English rule the loser has to reimburse the winner’s expenses We test the hypothesis that the English rule leads to higher litigation spending but also to higher care compared to the American rule The experimental results largely support the predictions: fee-shifting leads to higher litigation spending, which motivates higher levels of care When the parties are offered the possibility to settle their dispute out of court, fee-shifting leads to even higher litigation spending in court, but it neither affects the settlement rate nor care

‘Dark’ cities: The role of interdisciplinary work in learning and supporting marginal city spaces:

Abstract: This article considers Harold Johnson’s (Hariwe) 2014–2016 research project on ‘Dark City’, an informal vertical settlement in inner-city Johannesburg, as offering a productive arts-orientated, int

Refuge under austerity: the UK’s refugee settlement schemes and the multiplying practices of bordering

Abstract: This paper draws on two current UK refugee resettlement schemes, the Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Scheme (VPRS) and Community Sponsorship, to consider the ways in which they borrow technologies ...