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Settlement (structural)

About: Settlement (structural) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11630 publications have been published within this topic receiving 88227 citations. The topic is also known as: settling.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Monitoring of settlement rates of the high intertidal barnacle, Balanus glandula, in Central California simultaneously with measurements of larval concentrations in the adjacent water column suggests that nearshore oceanic processes affecting larval arrival contribute to the control of benthic community structure.
Abstract: Settlement rates of the high intertidal barnacle, Balanus glandula, were monitored at three sites in the rocky intertidal zone in Central California simultaneously with measurements of larval concentrations in the adjacent water column. In both 1983 and 1984, settlement rates onto vacant substrate differed among the sites by nearly two orders of magnitude. For all sampling dates, this spatial variation in settlement mirrored the spatial distribution of Balanus glandula cyprid concentration in the water column. A perfect rank correlation was found between cyprid concentrations near a site and subsequent settlement. A noteworthy observation was that the sites switched rank in their settlement rates from 1983 to 1984. This change in settlement rankings matched a switch in rankings for cyprid concentrations. Settlement itself appears to be an important cause of the spatial pattern of cyprid concentrations. Comparing the rates of settlement to estimates of the number of cyprids available at a site suggests that settlement causes a large drain on the cyprid population as a water mass passes over successive sites. No consistent spatial patterns were found in the distribution of other major plankton groups (calanoid copepods) that are similar in size to Balanus cyprids but do not settle. The large differences in settlement rates among these sites were previously shown to be a leading cause of large differences in the structure of benthic barnacle populations. The close correspondence shown here between these large differences in settlement and differences in larval concentrations suggests that nearshore oceanic processes affecting larval arrival contribute to the control of benthic community structure.

308 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior and settlement of laboratory-reared larval barnacles were examined with respect to age of larvae, type of surface (polystyrene and glass), and treatment of surface with settlement factor.

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored an integrated approach based on a combined use of multiple remotely sensed data to map settlements in southeastern China, where selected sites were mapped from Landsat ETM+ images with a hybrid approach and they were used as reference data.

293 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the static cone-bearing capacity and sand compressibility were measured by a special screw-plate form of plate-bearing load test, and a single distribution of a strain influence factor was assumed for all cases.
Abstract: At least two methods for using static cone data to predict settlement exist and have received extensive use—those of Terzaghi-Peck-Meyerhof and Buisman-DeBeer. Another method is presented in this paper. All three methods are then applied to 16 test cases involving either actual foundations, or plate load tests, with measured settlements. The proposed method simplifies calculations without sacrificing conservatism, yet appears most accurate over the full scope of the available test cases. These involve foundation widths of 2 ft to 184 ft. The key feature of the new method is that a single distribution of a strain influence factor is assumed for all cases. This method eliminates the need to compute the intermediate parameter of change in vertical stress with depth below a shallow footing. Also presented is a new correlation between static cone-bearing capacity and sand compressibility. Compressibility was measured in-situ by a special screw-plate form of plate-bearing load test. New data are included for the correlation between the static cone-bearing capacity and SPT blow count values in sands.

287 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that Cypris larvae of Chthamalus settled preferentially in the presence of a number of physical and biological factors, which suggests exploitative but not interference intraspecific competition.
Abstract: I examined the settlement or recruitment of the barnacle Chthamalus anisopoma at a variety of scales: temporally, over periods lasting 12 h to 1 mo, and spatially at sites separated by <1 cm to shores separated by 10 km. Both settlement and recruitment were variable at nearly all temporal and spatial scales that I examined. The majority of variability was attributable to differences in settlement or recruitment between sample periods. When only the spatial component was considered, variability decreased with scale. Large, consistent differences in settlement between geographic locations that are at approximately the same tidal height are probably the result of differential larval supply, whereas more subtle but still consistent differences in settlement between adjacent sites may, at least in part, be due to larval behavior. Differences in settlement between close sites were observed only when settlement was relatively high. This observation may be explained as follows. First, Chthamalus settle in pits or small depressions "suitable settlement sites (SSS's)" in the surface of a substrate. Second, within an SSS, space for settlement is restricted. Third, the density of SSS's differ between sites. When settlement is high, settlement differences between locations reflect differences in the number of SSS's, as all are used. However, when settlement is low, settlement will be similar between locations, since SSS's are not limiting. In a series of field experiments using both natural and artificial substrates I found that: (1) Cypris larvae of Chthamalus settled preferentially in the presence of a number of physical and biological factors. (2) Settlement was density dependent but growth and survivorship were not, which suggests exploitative but not interference intraspecific competition. (Although Chthamalus settle gregariously they space themselves out.) (3) Variability in the settlement of Chthamalus affected the ensuing adult population even at the highest settlement densities.

284 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202238
2021715
2020738
2019731
2018816
2017585