Topic
Sexual objectification
About: Sexual objectification is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 472 publications have been published within this topic receiving 19980 citations.
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Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors offer objectification theory as a framework for understanding the experiential consequences of being female in a culture that sexually objectifies the female body, and propose a framework to understand the effects of objectification on women.
Abstract: This article offers objectification theory as a framework for understanding the experiential consequences of being female in a culture that sexually objectifies the female body. Objectification the...
4,003 citations
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TL;DR: Two experiments manipulated self-objectification by having participants try on a swimsuit or a sweater and found that self- objectification increased body shame, which in turn predicted restrained eating and diminished math performance for women only.
Abstract: Objectification theory (B. L. Fredrickson & T. Roberts, 1997) posits that American culture socializes women to adopt observers' perspectives on their physical selves. This self-objectification is hypothesized to (a) produce body shame, which in turn leads to restrained eating, and (b) consume attentional resources, which is manifested in diminished mental performance. Two experiments manipulated self-objectification by having participants try on a swimsuit or a sweater. Experiment 1 tested 72 women and found that self-objectification increased body shame, which in turn predicted restrained eating. Experiment 2 tested 42 women and 40 men and found that these effects on body shame and restrained eating replicated for women only. Additionally, self-objectification diminished math performance for women only. Discussion centers on the causes and consequences of objectifying women's bodies.
1,032 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a mediational model of disordered eating derived from objectification theory is proposed, which proposes that the emotion of body shame mediates the relations between eating disorders.
Abstract: This study tests a mediational model of disordered eating derived from objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). The model proposes that the emotion of body shame mediates the relations...
875 citations
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TL;DR: This paper reviewed the past decade of research grounded in objectification theory and highlighted needed directions for future scholarship in this area, including self-objectification and its proposed consequences, sexual objectification experiences as a proposed precursor, and disconnections from bodily functions.
Abstract: Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) proposed objectification theory as an integrative framework for understanding how women's socialization and experiences of sexual objectification are translated into mental health problems. This article reviews the past decade of research grounded in objectification theory and highlights needed directions for future scholarship in this area. Specifically, this article reviews research organized according to the following themes: (a) self-objectification and its proposed consequences, (b) sexual objectification experiences as a proposed precursor, and (c) disconnections from bodily functions. An overview of emerging objectification theory research with men is also provided. The review concludes with needed directions for future theoretical and research efforts aimed to advance the psychology of women.
853 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, three daily diary studies were conducted to examine the incidence, nature, and impact of everyday sexism as reported by college women and men, concluding that women experienced about one to two impactful sexist incidents per week, consisting of traditional gender role stereotypes and prejudice, demeaning and degrading comments and behaviors, and sexual objectification.
Abstract: Three daily diary studies were conducted to examine the incidence, nature, and impact of everyday sexism as reported by college women and men. Women experienced about one to two impactful sexist incidents per week, consisting of traditional gender role stereotypes and prejudice, demeaning and degrading comments and behaviors, and sexual objectification. These incidents affected women's psychological well-being by decreasing their comfort, increasing their feelings of anger and depression, and decreasing their state self-esteem. Although the experiences had similar effects on men's anger, depression, and state self-esteem, men reported relatively fewer sexist incidents, suggesting less overall impact on men. The results provide evidence for the phenomena of everyday prejudice and enlighten our understanding of the experience of prejudice in interpersonal encounters from the perspective of the target.
747 citations