Showing papers on "Shadow (psychology) published in 1971"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The idea of performance contracting was introduced by Lessinger as discussed by the authors, who defined the term as "the ability to deliver on promises." Performance contracting, of course, is merely a for malization of accountability, including all relevant conditions, as a legal con tract.
Abstract: the aid of a "magic" soupstone.1 It seems that the soldiers appear in the marketplace and beg a pot, a fire, and some water with which to make a broth. They ceremoniously produce their mysterious stone and place it in the boiling water as a crowd of curious villagers gathers. When a soldier mutters absently that of course the soup would be better yet with a few lentils, someone throws a handful in the pot. When another soldier hints that a potato would enhance the flavor, someone con tributes five. Presently the "stone soup" is supplemented with several vegetables and a bit of goat's meat; it is delicious. Everyone is impressed with the magical efficacy of the stone. "Accountability" has been made a less abstract concept recently because it is the basis for the experimental practice of "performance contracting." Since Dorsett Information Systems contracted with the Texarkana school system last year to teach reading to a group of students, the emergence of the corpo rate silhouette on the horizon of public education has been called both the salvation and the shadow of death for the schools. Leon Lessinger (the father or mid wife of accountability ? take your choice) defines the term as "the ability to deliver on promises."2 Performance contracting, of course, is merely a for malization of accountability, including all relevant conditions, as a legal con tract. Several dozen such contracts have
9 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1971
7 citations
TL;DR: It would not be much of an exaggeration to say that at least in the English-speaking world, and in much of the Western world, almost all contemporary legal philosophy is written under the shadow of Hans Kelsen as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: It would not be much of an exaggeration to say that at least in the English-speaking world, and in much of the Western world, almost all contemporary legal philosophy is written under the shadow of Hans Kelsen. I say "shadow" because only in the very recent past have serious analytical efforts been made to show some of the inadequacies or distortions in the Kelsenian architectonics. His early work on the structure of a legal system cast such a strong light that for decades it would have been more accurate to say that almost all serious work in Western legal philosophy was done under the Kelsenian sun. Although it has been 20 years, it is still easy to recall the almost traumatic reaction to my reading Kelsen for the first time. Kant, Hegel, Kohler, Stammler, and other of his philosophic predecessors all seemed so much less modem than Kelsen, so much less concerned with the crucial, contemporary issues.
2 citations
TL;DR: I prefer to think of surgery as an actionbased intellectual discipline which should be ideally suited to embrace the contemporary methodologies that these men bring to us, and invited a group of distinguished educators to assist us.
Abstract: F OCUSING upon a historical review of developments in neurosurgical education could provide a cozy but laborious retreat. I have elected to ignore the numerous aphorisms which illuminate the value of history, and would like to mention certain aspects of change which may have a bearing on the purposes of this workshop. Change appears to be the substrate of our universe and not an occasional flux in stable systems. However, thoughtful men in most epochs seldom cease to be amazed by the rapidity of change in their own times. Our era appears to be no exception. Technical developments in transportation and communication have thrust upon us a time-space compression resulting in the generation of heat and variety of oscillations in social systems. Public awareness of microscopic and submicroscopic systems, unknown to Aristotle, seems to be driving all of mankind to a total rejection of Aristotelian concepts of the universe. Although Aristotle lived over 2000 years ago, only science seemed to actively challenge the validity of his suggested order of the universe. Our perspective in the world of ideas can be sharpened if we recall that the Minoan culture, this source of Aristotle's heritage, flourished about 1000 years before him. Careful examination of Homer, our prime chronicler of that period, reveals that the primary values of the Minoans were action-based, and their conceptual problems were relegated to their very convenient polydeistic pagan theology. Perhaps this is best summarized in the citation, "'Logos gar ergu skia,'" which freely translated says, "'The word is but the shadow of the deed." In our present setting as we address ourselves to the problems of postgraduate learning, we have invited a group of distinguished educators to assist us. From a perusal of their writings, I have come to the ironic conclusion that action and behavior are beginning to regain the status they once enjoyed 3000 years ago. I prefer to think of surgery as an actionbased intellectual discipline which should be ideally suited to embrace the contemporary methodologies that these men bring to us. In the fashion of our time, we have elected to mutually decide where we want to go-in "educationalese," to identify our goals. During a recent motor trip in Europe, I learned of another essential element, and that was that in order to pick a successful route to your destination you have to know where you are. This I believe requires that we derive a series of linguistic symbols as referents that best describe our present actions, in terms that have a similar meaning to us all. Our laboratories and clinical services are well endowed with instrumentation which extends our perceptions, and a language which permits us to record and discuss our observations. An endless variety of fascinating learning resources and gadgets are available to us, but our language of surgical learning remains to be designed----or agreed upon. For example, mathematics, the language of the physical sciences, certainly was derived from experience, and not by a profound thinker. The late Bertrand Russell stated that it must have taken many ages to discover that a brace of partridges and a couple of days are both instances of the number two. Therefore, as we begin this adventure I cannot help but muse that we people of action are now placing ourselves in the position of Aristotle whose concepts most of us have been busily refuting. Let us hope that whatever mistakes we make will not be perpetuated as long as some of his were.
1 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: In the last decade we have become increasingly aware that as we built a nation on this continent we carelessly wasted the air, water, and earth on which the life of that nation depends as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the last decade we have become increasingly aware that as we built a nation on this continent we carelessly wasted the air, water, and earth on which the life of that nation depends. We have realized in the shadow of the Atomic Age that we can destroy ourselves piecemeal as well as by holocaust. The critical issue today is how we approach the issue of the environment, now that there is widespread aware ness of its fragility. Clearly, we must measure the environ mental impact of everything we do. In simple terms, we must cease to measure progress as a gross national product and begin to realize our net national product. The decisions already made, such as the supersonic transport (SST), and those we are restudying, such as the trans-Alaska pipeline, show that we have put the question to ourselves: "How can we maintain our affluence—how can we enjoy the good life—and how, at the same time, can we insure the continuance of life?" If every one of us will adopt the simple truth that "I can save the earth," ...
1 citations
01 Dec 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe experimental calculations of shadow prices for evaluation of investment projects in the Chilean economy, based on a growth model emphasizing the dependence of Chile on foreign trade, especially imports of capital goods.
Abstract: This paper describes experimental calculations of shadow prices for evaluation of investment projects in the Chilean economy. These are based on a growth model emphasizing the dependence of Chile on foreign trade, especially imports of capital goods. For this reason two state variables are used-one standing for plant-type capital produced by a non-traded sector and the other representing equipment-type capital which must be imported. These imports are paid for by exogenous traditional exports, and exports from a traded goods sector. The model thus determines allocation of imported and domestic factors between the two sectors, and the corresponding pricing policy. Numerical results show (i) a rate of discount consistent with the results of other rate-of-return studies in Chile; (ii) an almost flat transformation surface between the traded and nontraded sectors, with a correspondingly inflexible relative price ratio; (iii) inverse proportionality between tariffs and the exchange rate, which follows essentially from the flat transformation surface. This last result is inconsistent with partial equilibrium estimates of the shadow exchange rate, and some doubt is raised as to what is the "true" value of this shadow price.
TL;DR: The Director for Resources of Manchester Polytechnic suggests that the "other colleges" would benefit from formal affiliation with the poly in their region as discussed by the authors, but this is not the case in the UK.
Abstract: The Director for Resources of Manchester Polytechnic suggests that the ‘other colleges’ would benefit from formal affiliation with the poly in their region.