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Showing papers on "Shadow (psychology) published in 1978"




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of deriving shadow prices for use in project evaluation when the existing allocation is characterized by ad valorem trade distortions is addressed, and the analysis is used to clarify and resolve the long-standing debate among effective-rate-of-protection and domestic-resource-cost proponents as to the respective merits of their measures as methods of project evaluation.
Abstract: The paper addresses the problem of deriving shadow prices for use in project evaluation when the existing allocation is characterized by ad valorem trade distortions. The analysis is used to clarify and resolve the long-standing debate among effective-rate-of-protection and domestic-resource-cost proponents as to the respective merits of their measures as methods of project evaluation. The derivation of shadow factor prices is then extended to three major factor market imperfections familiar from extensive trade-theoretic analysis.

94 citations




Book
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: The Surrealist Group as discussed by the authors proposed a plan for a cinema at the bottom of a lake, where the lights go up and the bridge goes across the bridge, and the screen's prestige was defined by Jacques Brunius.
Abstract: of a critical history of the cinema / Salvador Dali.63 The marvelous is popular / Ado Kyrou.68 As in a wood / Andre Breton.72 Picture palaces / Robert Desnos.78 Plan for a cinema at the bottom of a lake / Bernard Roger.80 The lights go up / Jacques Brunius.82 Surrealism and cinema / Jean Goudal.84 Introduction to black-and-white magic / Albert Valentin.95 Crossing the bridge / Jacques Brunius.99 Sorcery and cinema / Antonin Artaud.103 The screen's prestige / Jacques Brunius.106 Remarks on cinematic oneirism / Robert Benayoun.107 The cinema, instrument of poetry / Luis Bunuel.112 Malombra, aura of absolute love / The Romanian Surrealist Group .... 117 Data toward the irrational enlargement of a film: The Shanghai Gesture / The Surrealist Group.121 The film and I / Ado Kyrou.130 Cinemage / Man Ray.133 Another kind of cinema / Marcel Marien.135 Intention and surprise / Nora Mitrani.147 The ideal summa / Petr Krai.149 Turkey broth and unlabeled love potions / Gerard Legrand.152 The fantastic the marvelous / Ado Kyrou.158 Concerning King Kong / Jean Ferry.161 Larry Semon's message / Petr Krai.166 Hands off love / The Surrealist Group.173 Chaplin, the copper's nark / Jean-Louis Bedouin.181 Manifesto of the Surrealists concerning L'Age d'or / The Surrealist Group.182 Zaroff; or, The prosperities of vice / Robert Benayoun.190 Eroticism / Robert Desnos.195 Eroticism = love / Ado Kyrou.197 Au repas des guerrieres / Nelly Kaplan.200 Female x film = fetish / Gerard Legrand.202 Mae Murray / Jacques Rigaut.205 "Enchanted wanderer": excerpt from a journey album for Hedy Lamarr / Joseph Cornell.206 Iron in the wound / Alain Joubert.209 Pornographers & Co. / Robert Lebel.213 Selected films made by Surrealists.219

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the analytical underpinnings of the two methods of treating foreign exchange using a very simple general equilibrium model of the economy and infer what implicit assumptions are being made by each.
Abstract: There is apparently still some unease concerning the analytical treatment of foreign exchange in the OECD or Little-Mirrlees (1968, 1974) manual (eg the recent review of Little and Mirrlees by Bottomley, 1975) What, for example, distinguishes the Little-Mirrlees shadow pricing rules for traded commodities from that of Dasgupta, Sen, and Marglin (1972) in the Unido manual, if anything? In the Unido approach, domestic (non-traded) resources are evaluated by the domestic "willingness to pay", and foreign exchange used or earned via traded goods is evaluated using a shadow price of foreign exchange Little-Mirrlees, on the other hand, dispense with a shadow price of foreign exchange by evaluating traded goods at world prices and non-traded goods at their "foreign exchange equivalent" It has been suggested that when Unido uses a uniform shadow exchange rate for all tradeables and Little-Mirrlees use a single conversion rate for nontradeables they are equivalent, differing only in the choice of numeraire, the numeraire in Little-Mirrlees being foreign exchange and in Unido domestic consumption (eg Dasgupta, 1972; Scott, 1974) The purpose of this note is to clarify the analytical underpinnings of the two methods of treating foreign exchange using a very simple general equilibrium model of the economy In this way, we shall be able to establish the essential similarities and differences between the two approaches and to infer what implicit assumptions are being made by each Both were, of course, written primarily for practitioners of project evaluation, and their comparative usefulness depends to a certain extent upon the practical ease with which they may be applied Our interest is of a purely theoretical nature It is simply to clarify the analytical bases for the two sets of rules Our model is a static general equilibrium neoclassical model with an exportable, an importable, a non-traded good and two factors (labour and capital) The only distortions are taken to be tariffs on the traded goods These could equally well be interpreted as quotas or any other distortion that makes the domestic and world prices different Consumption and production taxes could easily be added to the model at the expense of simplicity Since they add little to the result they are omitted In order to concentrate solely on the foreign exchange issue we have ignored several other problems raised in both manuals and elsewhere-the qualitative distinction between traded and non-traded goods, distortions on the capital market (shortage of savings), the shadow price of labour in a dual economy, and income distribution issues No problems of a dynamic nature are considered

18 citations


Book
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Martin Mynhardt, a wealthy Afrikaner, plans a weekend at his old family farm in South Africa, but his visit coincides with a time of crisis in his personal life as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Winter in South Africa - a time of searing drought, angry stirrings in Soweto, and the shadow of the Angolan conflict cast across the scorched bush. Martin Mynhardt, a wealthy Afrikaner, plans a weekend at his old family farm. But his visit coincides with a time of crisis in his personal life. In a few days, the security of a lifetime is destroyed and, with only the uncertain values of his past to guide him, Mynhardt is left to face the wreckage of his future.

10 citations


Book
15 May 1978
TL;DR: An important study of post-World War II Austrian neo-Nazi political activities focusing on the Austrian Independent Party movement is presented in this paper, where the authors present an important study.
Abstract: An important study of post-World War II Austrian neo-Nazi political activities focusing on the Austrian Independent Party movement.

10 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors of Mansfield Park, published in 1814, and written between 1811 and 1813, is darker in tone and more overtly religious than its predecessor, the playful and witty Pride and Prejudice, but begun as early as 1796 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: THE ENGLISH UPPER CLASSES became more serious in the early years of the nineteenth century because of the efforts of a group of Anglican Evangelicals, now called the Clapham Sect. Mansfield Park, published in 1814, and written between 1811 and 1813, is darker in tone and more overtly religious than its predecessor, the playful and witty Pride and Prejudice, published in 1813, but begun as early as 1796.1 Therefore, is it possible that sometime around 1810 Jane Austen underwent a religious crisis, as a result of which she came to accept the teachings of William Wilberforce, Thomas Gisborne, and Hannah More? Sheila Kaye-Smith certainly had little doubt that this was the case, and in 1943 stated unequivocally that the "shadow" of the "Evangelical revival" lies on Mansfield Park.2 Hers, however, turned out to be only the first voice in

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Lonely Crowd has had an enormous impact on the way American society is talked about and understood in classrooms and living rooms, and despite some uneasiness over the book among sociologists, psychologists, and historians, it remains popular with students and scholars alike as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: is time to reread The Lonely Crowd. Published almost 30 years ago, in 1950, David Riesman's classic has had an enormous impact on the way American society is talked about and understood in classrooms and living rooms. Despite some uneasiness over the book among sociologists, psychologists, and historians, it remains popular with students and scholars alike. The insights and language have filtered into our cliches and offhand assumptions about America. Yet the world that Riesman wrote about has changed dramatically. What is a postVietnam, postWatergate society to make of Riesman's picture of the American people drawn during the cold war, in the shadow of the atom bomb?

Journal Article
TL;DR: The integrated curriculum movement in nursing, while a seminal change, has in a way been like a shadow- incompletely described with lack of clarity about base for comparison as discussed by the authors, and it seems to have become the mode for many schools to develop their own conceptual frameworks and curricular plans.
Abstract: Curriculum development is many things; it is the study of impact on students, a process through which faculty are moving. It usually does not represent a final decision- like all issues in higher education it is altered as different people and issues arise. The integrated curriculum movement in nursing, while a seminal change, has in a way been like a shadow- incompletely described with lack of clarity about base for comparison. It seems to have become the mode for many schools to develop their own conceptual frameworks and curricular plans. While adaptation to the local setting is expected, one must question how much of the total development effort is necessary and due in part to lack of fully developed curriculum models and dissemination and not building systematically toward improvement in the field. In such a situation we all may be making the same mistakes. If these identified "problems" are indeed just that, they all are amenable to correction. Each solution will require hard conceptual work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In their minds and hearts the leaders of the Trade Unions know this as well as anyone else as mentioned in this paper. But they dare not abate their demands until they know what alternative policy is offered.
Abstract: 'a demand on the part of the Trade Unions for an increase in money rates of wages to compensate for every increase in the cost of living is futile, and greatly to the dis advantage of the working class. Like the dog in the fable, they lose the substance in gaping at the shadow. It is true that the better organised sections might benefit at the expense of other consumers. But except as an effort at group selfishness, as a means of hustling someone else out of the queue, it is a mug's game to play. In their minds and hearts the leaders of the Trade Unions know this as well as anyone else. They do not want what they ask. But they dare not abate their demands until they know what alternative policy is offered. This is legitimate. No coherent plan has yet been put up to them.'











Journal Article
TL;DR: Vance was one of the many daguerrean artists who were led to California by the promises of a newly-discovered El Dorado as mentioned in this paper, and easily stands out as a prime candidate for the honor of being the first to focus his camera on California's Native Americans.
Abstract: Who was the first to photograph the California Indian? When? Because of the vicissitudes of time it is unlikely that we will ever have a truly precise answer to these provocative questions. Nor will we be certain whether this earliest likeness was taken spon taneously, or as the result of a direct, premeditated effort to document the culture of these unique people. Most likely, however, this first "shadow catcher" was one of the many daguerrean artists who were led to California by the promises of a newly-discovered El Dorado. One of these artists, Robert H. Vance, easily stands out as a prime candidate for the honor of being the first to focus his camera on California's Native Americans. If not the actual

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors published a paper on the same topic by a spokesman of the Government and the Labour Party and regret that, due to circumstances beyond our control, it has not been possible to publish both articles in the same number.
Abstract: (This paper was kindly contributed by Mr Norman St. John‐Stevas, M.P., the Conservative Party's ‘Shadow’ Minister of Education and Parliamentary spokesman on education. In our next issue we hope to publish a paper on the same topic by a spokesman of the Government and the Labour Party. We regret that, due to circumstances beyond our control, it has not been possible to publish both articles in the same number.)