Showing papers on "Shadow (psychology) published in 1995"

Corruption and state politics in Sierra Leone

Abstract: 1. Informal markets and the shadow state: some theoretical issues 2. Colonial rule and the foundations of the shadow state 3. Elite hegemony and the threat of political and economic reform 4. Reining in the informal market: the early Stevens' years, 1968-1973 5. An exchange of services: state power and the diamond business 6. The shadow state and international commerce 7. Foreign firms, economic 'reform' and shadow state power 8. The changing character of African sovereignty.

In the Shadow of War: The United States since the 1930s

Abstract: In this magisterial book, a prize-winning historian shows how war has defined modern America. Michael Sherry argues that America's intense preoccupation with war emerged on the eve of World War II, marking a turning point as important as the Revolution, the end of the frontier, and other watersheds in American history. In the sixty years since the war, says Sherry, militarization has reshaped every facet of American life: its politics, economics, culture, social relations, and place in the world. According to Sherry, America's militarization began partly in response to threatening forces and changes abroad, but its internal sources and consequences in the long run proved more telling. War--as threat, necessity, or model of unified action--persistently justified the state's growing size, power, and activism. But as national government waged "war on poverty," war on AIDS," and "war on drugs," it fostered expectations of "victory" that it could not fulfill, aggravating the very distrust of federal authority that leaders sought to overcome and encouraging Americans to conceive of war as something they waged against each other rather than against enemies abroad. The paradigm of war thereby corroded Americans' faith in national government and embittered their conflicts over class, race, gender, religion, and the nation's very meaning. Sherry concludes by speculating on the possibility of ending America's long attachment to war.

Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America

Abstract: "[A] facinating history of a completely overlooked aspect of photography" -- "Los Angeles Times Book Review" Death and the way society comes to terms with it have become a major area of scholarly and popular interest, as evidenced in the work of such well-known figures as Philippe Arihs and Elisabeth K

In the Shadow of the Epidemic: Being HIV-Negative in the Age of AIDS

Abstract: For gay men who are HIV-negative in a community devastated by AIDS, survival may be a matter of grief, guilt, anxiety, and isolation. "In the Shadow of the Epidemic" is a passionate and intimate look at the emotional and psychological impact of AIDS on the lives of the survivors of the epidemic, those who must face on a regular basis the death of friends and, in some cases, the decimation of their communities. Drawing upon his own experience as a clinical psychologist and a decade-long involvement with AIDS/HIV issues, Walt Odets explores the largely unrecognized matters of denial, depression, and identity that mark the experience of uninfected gay men.Odets calls attention to the dire need to address issues that are affecting HIV-negative individuals--from concerns about sexuality and relations with those who are HIV-positive to universal questions about the nature and meaning of survival in the midst of disease. He argues that such action, while explicitly not directing attention away from the needs of those with AIDS, is essential to the human and biological well-being of gay communities. In the immensely powerful firsthand words of gay men living in a semiprivate holocaust, the need for a broader, compassionate approach to "all" of the AIDS epidemic's victims becomes clear. "In the Shadow of the Epidemic" is a pathbreaking first step toward meeting that need.

Projecting the Shadow: The Cyborg Hero in American Film

Abstract: Part human, part machine, the cyborg is the hero of an increasingly popular genre of American film and a cultural icon emblematic of an emergent postmodern mythology. Using the cyborg film as a point of departure, the authors examine how we rework Western myths and initiation rites in the face of new technologies. Through in-depth examinations of six representative films - "Jaws", "The Deer Hunter", "The Manchurian Candidate", "Blade Runner", "The Terminator", and "Terminator 2" - the authors track the narrative's thread from the hunter to his technological nemesis, demonstrating how each film represents an unfolding hunter myth. For each movie, Rushing and Frentz show how uninitiated male hunters slowly lose control over their weapons. In "Jaws", a "soft" man, dominated by technology, can re-acquire the heroic hunter qualities he needs by teaming up with a "savage" man and a "technological" man. In doing so, he can still conquer the prey. "The Manchurian Candidate" charts how technology can turn a human into a weapon; "Blade Runner" perfects the artificial human with its manufactured replicants who are "more than human"; and "The Terminator" introduces a female hunter who leads humanity in its struggle against technology.

Living in the shadow of death: tuberculosis and the social experience of illness in American history

Abstract: Living in the Shadow of Death: Tuberculosis and the Social Experience of Illness in American History Sheila M. Rothman. 319 pages. New York: BasicBooks; 1994. $25.00. The resurgence of tuberculosis has already inspired the publication of several relevant medical texts. Two books have now been written for the general public: Ryan's The Forgotten Plague, published in 1993, and this new book by Sheila Rothman. Ryan's book deals with the origins and birthpains of chemotherapy for tuberculosis; Rothman depicts the human drama of the disease. Rothman is the Director of the Program on Human Rights and Medicine at Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons and holds a PhD in history and an MA in philosophy and sociology. Quoting from an extensive collection of manuscripts, letters, diaries, medical papers, and books, Rothman takes us back to the early 19th century in her descriptions of the ravages of tuberculosis at the height of the pandemic, emphasizing the plight of the invalid in New England. In this part of the narrative, she skillfully blends history, sociology, ethics, and medical science. The intricate personal situations of patients are portrayed against a background of medicine as it was practiced then. Without benefit of active drugs or surgical procedures, therapeutic efforts revolved around providing salubrious climatic conditions, rest, and good food. There were extensive disagreements about the relative benefits of sea voyages and trips on horseback, rest and exercise, and desert heat and mountain freshness. Well described is the life of a young invalid faced with career choices when seeking health became a primary concern. The author vividly portrays the effect of tuberculosis on society, family life, personal activities, and the workplace. Men and women were afforded different treatment: Men left home for sea voyages and horseback trips; women pursued their household duties as best they could with the help of female family and friends. Of course, most of the author's information was gleaned from the archival correspondence of young persons from Ivy League colleges and well-established families. Few letters written by poor people have been preserved in historical collections. This section of the book suffers a bit from the seemingly endless repetition of patients' symptoms (cough, hemorrhage, shortness of breath) and, with occasional remissions, inexorable progressions to death (as her disease progressed, as Deborah's symptoms grew more severe, as her disease entered its final, terminal stage). Deborah actually died twice, once in each of two chapters. One of the best sections clearly describes the activities of the health-seekers who went to Colorado and the desert areas of the southwestern United States. In some areas, most of the population consisted of persons who remained with their families after migration for health reasons. Great media and literary hype included fantasies about the curative powers of pure dry air, horseback riding, buffalo meat, and outdoor life. There was great competition to attract health-seekers to California, the Rocky Mountains, El Paso, and, later, to the Adirondack Mountains. Rothman gives a fascinating description of a sick patient's horse-drawn wagon journey from Plattsburgh, New York, to Paul Smith's remote, rugged hunting lodge. The rough wooden lodge burned down several times, and on its site just north of Saranac Lake now stands Paul Smith's College. The interest of physician-readers will be stimulated by the historical events described in chapter 12, in which Robert Koch is introduced. His discovery of the tubercle bacillus in 1882 offered a diagnostic test for and an understanding of the contagiousness of tuberculosis. Public health officials could then devise activities to control the disease. Phthisiophobia became widespread. (I can remember cars passing through Saranac Lake with windows closed and handkerchiefs covering noses and mouths.) California, which had actively courted persons with tuberculosis to its reputedly salubrious climate, now attempted to ban them altogether. The sanatorium movement in both Germany and the United States is well described, as is the change from the active invalid to the passive patient, and from vigorous outdoor life to a life of rest and curing under strict medical supervision. Superb accounts of sanatorium life in the era before chemotherapy are included. The emotional highs and lows accompanying the waxing and waning of tuberculosis are revealed dramatically in the quotes from Isabel Smith (who eventually died), and other long-suffering patients. To one who experienced sanatorium life both as a patient and as a physician, the narrative brought back memories of the good and the bad. The village of Saranac Lake became a haven for patients with tuberculosis seeking the cure; there were many private cure cottages and a ring of sanatoriums outside of the village, including Trudeau, Ray Brook State Sanatorium, the Will Rogers Hospital for entertainers (theater productions, concerts, and movies were regular events), Gabriels, and Stony Wold, which was located at the end of a railroad spur on beautiful Lake Kushaqua, reputedly full of trout. Some famous patients were Christy Matthewson and Larry Doyle of baseball fame, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Bela Bartok. They were cared for by several physicians, including Francis B. Trudeau, the son of Edward Livingston, who could be seen bustling about spreading good cheer and carrying the patients' portable pneumothorax machines. The exciting events surrounding the era of chemotherapy, beginning in 1945, and the visions of eradication of tuberculosis that were shattered temporarily in 1989 when tuberculosis reappeared with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic are covered briefly in the short epilogue. Living in the Shadow of Death is a beautifully written account of the history of tuberculosis from a different viewpoint. It fills a void in our appreciation of the effect of the disease on people, mores, the social structure of civilization, population shifts, and economics. The book was thoroughly and professionally researched, is easy to read, and should be highly satisfactory to laypersons and professionals alike. Perhaps it will also help our public health officials understand and better cope with the realities of tuberculosis today.

Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America

Abstract: No longer in the closet, death, like sex, is now a popular theme of another kind. Everyone's talking and lecturing about it, while photographs of the dead are everywhere. We discuss do-not-resuscitate and advanced-care directives with patients; the public debates whether death should be hastened; writers encourage everyone to prepare for dying and some tell how to do it; ethicists constantly remind us of patient autonomy in decisions at the end of life; hospital administrative staff ask patients if they have living wills or proxies; and the dying increasingly accept their terminality, seeking hospice care. Besides all this talk and writing about death are the daily camera shots of dead bodies from local gang wars and distant civil wars in news media everywhere. With so many views of the dead and so much discussion of death, can Jay Ruby's book, Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America , show or

In the Shadow of the Bear: Security in Post-Soviet Central Asia

Abstract: I n 1991 five new Central Asian states-Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan-rose from the rubble of the Soviet empire. The region’s security will be shaped by the interplay between Russia’s politics and the degree of stability in Central Asia. The stability of Central Asia hinges on three variables: Uzbek hegemony and irredentism, the balance between political institutionalization and social mobilization, and the extent of disorder generated by the wrenching postSoviet economic transition. The key questions regarding Russia’s politics are these: how robust is Russia’s democratization? How influential are its pro-imperial elites? Will a discredited democracy be supplanted by an ultra-nationalist, authoritarian regime? Preponderant Russian power is an important constant-an enabling condition-but in itself tells us little about the nature of future Russian policy in Central Asia. In this article, after providing a brief background on Central Asia to set the context, I outline the principal determinants of Central Asian security. I then illustrate their significance with four scenarios of Russian-Central Asian relations. Throughout this inquiry, the prospects for a neo-imperial Russian policy remain a key preoccupation.’ For this reason, I assess the ways in which Central

Beyond the Doubting of a Shadow A Reply to Commentaries on Shadows of the Mind

Abstract: 1. Bernard J. Baars: Can physics provide a theory of consciousness? 2. David J. Chalmers: Minds, machines, and mathematics 3. Solomon Feferman: Penrose's Gödelian argument 4. Stanley A. Klein: Is quantum mechanics relevant to understanding consciousness? 5. Tim Maudlin: Between the motion and the act.... 6. John McCarthy: Awareness and understanding in computer programs 7. Daryl McCullough: Can humans escape Gödel? 8. Drew McDermott: [STAR] Penrose is wrong 9. Hans Moravec: Roger Penrose's gravitonic brains

Leadership and Ethical Development: Balancing Light and Shadow

Abstract: What makes a leader ethical? This paper critically examines the answer given by developmental theory, which argues that individuals can develop through cumulative stages of ethical orientation and behavior (e.g. Hobbesian, Kantian, Rawlsian), such that leaders at later develop? mental stages (of whom there are empirically very few today) are more ethical. By contrast to a simple progressive model of ethical develop? ment, this paper shows that each developmental stage has both positive (light) and negative (shadow) aspects, which affect the ethical behaviors of leaders at that stage. It also explores an unexpected result: later stage leaders can have more significantly negative effects than earlier stage leadership.

Removing the shadow of the law from the debate about genetic testing of children.

Abstract: When physicians view efforts to obtain genetic testing for children as unwise or contrary to the children's interests, they face difficult problems both of ethics and of communicating with the parents. Contrary to the suggestions of some, the law has little to say about how physicians resolve these dilemmas. Parents do not have a constitutionally protected right to demand that unwilling physicians perform these tests. In addition, there is little risk of liability for damages unless the child suffers physical harm as a result of the physician's refusal to do the test. The debate about genetic testing of children needs to take place with a clear understanding of the law's limited impact.

The Risky Spread, Investment, and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence on the Role of Asymmetric Information

Abstract: Financing constraints can arise when there are important information asymmetries in financial markets. Using Canadian panel data, the authors reject a symmetric information specification of investment behavior in favor of an agency cost specification in which the shadow cost of finance can diverge from the market interest rate. The authors' empirical estimates suggest that shocks to net worth, as reflected in the risky spread and firm-specific balance sheet variables, can dramatically increase the shadow cost of finance. Tests which draw on distinctive institutional features of the Canadian economy show that it is firms in a weak informational position which tend to be responsible for this result. Copyright 1996 by MIT Press.

Managing predecessors' shadows in executive transitions

Abstract: New leaders inevitably face comparisons with predecessors. After a short time these comparisons usually give way to judgments about the leader's performance. Occasionally, however, the presence of the predecessor continues to be felt long after the new leader has taken charge. The metaphor of a “shadow” cast by a predecessor is used to describe the process whereby memories of a former leader play a dominant role in shaping current behavior in the organization. A case is analyzed in which a burdensome shadow impeded a new leader's efforts to take charge of a state agency. Counterprojective group techniques helped the new leader and his staff lift the shadow and form a more productive working relationship. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Reading Culture: Contexts for Critical Reading and Writing

Abstract: 1 Reading and Writing About Culture: The Case of Daytime Talk TV Visual Culture: Watching Daytime Talk TV Fieldwork: Listening to Viewers Checking out the Web William Bennett, "Announcing A Public Campaign Against Select Day-Time Television Talk Shows" Vicki Abt and Leonard Mustazza, Coming Out After Oprah Donna Gaines, "How Jenny Jones Saved My Life Why William Bennett is Wrong about Trash TV" Ellen Willis, "Bring in the Noise" Writing About the Culture of Daytime Talk TV Extending Your Investigations: TV Tabloid Journalism Conclusion Mining the Archives: Print Tabloids 2 Generations Reading the Culture of Generations Gloria Naylor, "Kiswana Browne" Dave Marsh, "Fortunate Son" Lawrence Grossberg, "Youth and American Identity" Donna Gaines, "Teenage Wasteland" Thomas Hine, "Goths in Tomorrowland" Making Sense of the Littleton Shootings: Two Views Thomas de Zengotita, "The Gunfire Dialogues: Notes on the Reality of Virtuality" Jon Katz, "More Voices from the Hellmouth: Kids Talk about Rage" Checking Out the Web Reading Websites Visual Culture: Representions of Youth Culture in Movies James Gilbert, "Juvenile Delinquency Films" Fieldwork: Ethnographic Interviews Susan D Craft, Daniel Cavicchi, and Charles Keil, "My Music" Fieldwork Project Editing Writing an Introduction Mining the Archive: Life Magazine 3 Schooling Reading the Culture of Schooling Theodore R Sizer, "What High School Is" Checking Out the Web Leon Botstein, "Let Teenagers Try Adulthood" Mike Rose, "Crossing Boundaries" Nicholas Lemann, "A Real Meritocracy" Margaret J Finders, "Note-passing: Struggles for Status" Min-zhan Lu, "From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle" June Jordan, "Nobody Mean More to Me Than You and the Future Life of Willie Jordan" Visual Culture: Picturing Schooldays Fieldwork: Classroom Observation Worth Anderson et al Observations and Conclusions from "Cross-Curricular Underlife: A Collaborative Report on Ways with Academic Words" Mining the Archive: Textbooks from the Past 4 Images Reading Images Stuart and Elizabeth Ewen, "In the Shadow of the Image" Arthur Asa Berger, "Sex as Symbol in Fashion Advertising," and "Analyzing Signs and Sign Systems" Jean Kilbourne, "Beauty and the Beast of Advertising" Visual Essay: "It's a Woman Thing" Checking out the Web Visual Essay: Public Health Messages Visual Essay: Rewriting the Image Visual Essay: "Period Styles: A Graphic History of Punctuation," Ellen Lupton and J Abbott Miller Visual Essay: "The Look of the Page" Mining the Archive: Advertising Through the Ages 5 Style Reading Style Marjorie Garber, "Clothes Make the Man" Wendy Chapkis, "Dress as Success: Joolz" Checking Out the Web Prespectives: The Politics of Style Henry Louis Gates, Jr, "In the Kitchen" bell hooks, "Straightening Our Hair" John Molloy, "Dress for Success" Dick Hebdige, "Style in Revolt: Revolting Style" Visual Culture: Pumping Up Richard Leppert, "The Male Nude" Field Work: Writing a Questionnaire Mining the Archives: Fashion in History 6 Public Space Reading the Culture of Public Space Edward Abbey, "The First Morning" and "Labor Day" Barry Lopez, "Borders" John Fiske, "Shopping for Pleasure: Malls, Power, and Resistance" Checking Out the Web Robyn Meredith, "Big Mall's Curfew Raises Questions of Rights and Bias" Mike Davis, "Fortress Los Angeles: The Militarization of Urban Space" Eva Sperling Cockcroft and Holly Barnet-Sanchez, "Signs from the Heart: California Chicano Murals" Eric Liu, "Remember When Public Spaces Didn't Carry Brand Names?" Visual Culture: Claiming Interpretive Space Field Work: Collaborating on an Observation of Public Space Mining the Archives: Take a Walking Tour 7 Storytelling Reading the Culture of Storytelling Maxine Hong Kingston, "No Name Woman" Jan Harold Brunvand, "'The Hook' and Other Teenage Horrors" Checking Out the Web Stephen King, "Why We Crave Horror Movies" Robert Warshow, "The Gangster as Tragic Hero" Perspectives: Ally McBeal Karen Durbin, "Razor Thin, But Larger Than Life" Andi Zeisler, "What's the Deal, McBeal?" Elayne Rapping, "In Praise of Roseanne" Ella Taylor, "TV Families: Three Generations of Packaged Dreams" Visual Culture: Television Sitcoms Fieldwork: The Active Audience Henry Jenkins, "Television Fans" Fieldwork Project Mining the Archive: Comic Strips and Comic Books 8 Work Reading the Culture of Work Sandra Cisneros, "The First Job" Perspectives: Downsizing the Workforce: Two Views Robert J Samuelson, "Downsizing Isn't All That Heartless" Manning Marable, "Fighting for a Decent Wage" Barbara Ehrenreich, "Nickel-and-Dimed: On (not) Getting By in America" Juliet Schor, "The Overworked American" Arlie Russell Hochschild, "Work: the Great Escape" Scott Adams, "The Dilbert Principle" Checking Out the Web Visual Culture: Lewis Hine and the Social Uses of Photography Field Work: Reconstructing the Network of a Workplace James P Spradley and Brenda J Mann, "The Cocktail Waitress" Fieldwork Project Mining the Archive: Sweatshop Fashion 9 History Reading History Mary Gordon, "More Than Just a Shrine: Paying Homage to the Ghosts of Ellis Island" Jamaica Kincaid, "Columbus in Chains" Jane Tompkins "'Indians,' Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History" Perspectives: Interpreting the Vietnam War George B Tindall and David E Shi, "The Tragedy of Vietnam" Loren Baritz, "God's Country and American Know-How" Checking Out the Web Le Ly Hayslip, "When Heaven and Earth Changed Places" Wallace Terry, "Private First Class Reginald 'Malik' Edwards" Kristin Ann Hass, "Making a Memory of War: Building the Vietnam Veterans Memorial" Visual Culture: Photographing History Alan Trachtenberg, "Reading American Photographs" Reading Photographs for History Visual Essay: Vietnam War Fieldwork: Oral History Mining the Archive: Local Museums and Historical Societies 10 Multicultural America Reading Multicultural America Ishmael Reed, "America: The Multinational Society" Alejandro Portes and Alex Stepick, "Miami: City on the Edge" Gloria Anzaldua, "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" Elaine H Kim, "Home Is Where the 'Han' Is: A Korean-American Perspective on the Los Angeles Upheavals" Mary Louise Pratt, "Arts of the Contact Zone" Perspectives: The Hip-Hop Nation Neil Strauss, "A Land with Rhythm and Beats for All" Toure, "In the End, Black Men Must Lead" Case Study: English Only Legislation Proposition 63 California State Ballot, 1986 Visual Culture: Language Policy Mining the Archive:The Old Immigration, 1840-1920 Checking Out the Web Mining the Archive: The Old Immigration, 1840-1920 Credits Index

Mr. Social Security: The Life of Wilbur J. Cohen

Abstract: JFK tagged him "Mr. Social Security." LBJ praised him as the "planner, architect, builder and repairman on every major piece of social legislation [since 1935]." The New York Times called him "one of the country's foremost technicians in public welfare." Time portrayed him as a man of "boundless energy, infectious enthusiasm, and a drive for action." His name was Wilbur Cohen. For half a century from the New Deal through the Great Society, Cohen (1913-1987) was one of the key players in the creation and expansion of the American welfare state. From the Social Security Act of 1935 through the establishment of disability insurance in 1956 and the creation of Medicare in 1965, he was a leading articulator and advocate of an expanding Social Security system. He played that role so well that he prompted Senator Paul Douglas's wry comment that "an expert on Social Security is a person who knows Wilbur Cohen's telephone number." The son of Jewish immigrants, Cohen left his Milwaukee home in the early 1930s to attend the University of Wisconsin and never looked back. Filled with a great thirst for knowledge and wider horizons, he followed his mentors Edwin Witte and Arthur Altmeyer to Washington, D.C., and began a career that would eventually land him a top position in LBJ's cabinet as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Variously described as a practical visionary, an action intellectual, a consummate bureaucrat, and a relentless incrementalist, Cohen was a master behind-the-scenes player who turned legislative compromise into an art form. He inhabited a world in which the passage of legislation was the ultimate reward. Driven by his progressive vision, he time and again persuaded legislators on both sides of the aisle to introduce and support expansive social programs. Like a shuttle in a loom he moved invisibly back and forth, back and forth, until the finely woven legislative cloth emerged before the public's eye. Nearly a decade after his death, Cohen and his legacy continue to shadow the debates over social welfare and health care reform. While Congress swings with the prevailing winds in these debates, Social Security's prominence in American life remains vitally intact. And Wilbur Cohen is largely responsible for that.

Freud's project for a scientific psychology after 100 years: The unconscious mind in the era of cognitive neuroscience

Abstract: One hundred years ago, Sigmund Freud projected a bold program for a scientific psychology that would be firmly based in neurophysiology. One of the advantages that Freud saw in such a naturalistic approach was that it could show how mental processes could occur independently of consciousness. At the beginning of the "project," he wrote that "the neuronal processes are in the first instance to be regarded as unconscious [ unbewusst ] and are to be inferred like other natural things." But although Freud was a trained neurologist, the neurology of his day was inadequate to the audacity of his vision of a scientific psychology, and he was drawn towards an increasingly clinical conception of the unconscious mind. It is only at present that we can even envision the possibility of achieving Freud's dream: a notion of the unconscious that is clinically formulated and neurophysiologically grounded. Are we now in a position to realize Freud's youthful "Project for a Scientific Psychology"? We will argue that the project is still viable, but is liable to be aborted if researchers do not distinguish clearly between the neurological unconscious, the cognitive unconscious, and the psychodynamic unconscious. We will briefly survey the boundaries of the neurological unconscious and the cognitive unconscious in order to show why the psychodynamic unconscious is not properly reducible to either, because it is an essentially hermeneutic concept, an artifact of the processes of interpretation whereby human beings knit their experiences together into networks of meaning. No doubt these interpretative relationships are realized by neurological processes and interact with cognition. But the dynamics of meaning-relations revealed in psychotherapy must not be confused with either the causal relations to be sought in neurophysiology, nor the relatively simple and low-level processing characteristic of the cognitive unconscious, nor the unconscious protocols or grammatical rules that cognitive scientists postulate to account for language and other sophisticated symbolic capacities. The symbols the psychiatrist seeks to decipher do not form a logically ordered, rule-governed system such as might suit a grammarian or a computational theory of mind, but an unruly crowd of interacting meanings more typically organized according to the principles of primary process thinking. An account of the unconscious that emphasizes the unruly character of the primary process opens inviting vistas into contemporary cognitive science and neurophysiology.

La lógica de una de las creencias tradicionales en salud: eclipse y embarazo en Ocuituco, México

Abstract: An analysis of the logic of one of the commonest health beliefs in rural areas of Mexico is made, taking as a starting point testimonies collected in the area of Ocuituco, in the state of Morelos. This belief suggests that a pregnant woman is in danger of having a harelipped baby during a solar eclipse. The importance of the knowledge about the logic of this kind of beliefs is discussed from a public health perspective. These beliefs are associated with specific forms of suffering and give way to particular preventive measures which must be taken into account if the efficacy of health programs is to be increased. The interrelation of these beliefs with other traditional elements (such as the "loss of the shadow" and the "hot-cold theory") is discussed. Also, some of the already existing interpretations of this belief which seek to link the "loss of the shadow" with the solar eclipse belief are reviewed. Finally, an alternative interpretation of this belief is made from a structuralist methodological perspective. This interpretation is grounded in the Nahuatl myth on the creation of the sun and the moon, and in an analysis of the nature of rabbits in the Nahuatl culture, according to historic secondary sources. It is suggested that the belief about the danger of a solar eclipse must be interpreted in connection to the "hot-cold theory", but not to the "loss of the shadow". This paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of this type of research within the public health field, as it enables us both to understand the underlying logic of this type of conceptions, and to reinforce the dialogue between modern and alternative medicine, so that the daily encounter between these two types of medicine can be facilitated.

Religious minorities in Myanmar—Hints of the shadow

Abstract: (1995). Religious minorities in Myanmar—Hints of the shadow. Contemporary South Asia: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 287-308.