Showing papers on "Shadow (psychology) published in 1997"

Shadow of the Other: Intersubjectivity and Gender in Psychoanalysis

Abstract: Shadow of the Other is a discussion of how the individual has two sorts of relationships with an "other"--other beings, other individuals. The first regards the other as an entirely different being from oneself, but one which is still recognizable. The second understands and recognizes this other by its function as a repository of characteristics cast from oneself. In recognizing how this dual relationship is reconciled within the self, and its implications in male/female relations, Jessica Benjamin continues her exploration of intersubjectivity and gender, taking up questions of contemporary debates in feminist theory and psychoanalysis.

The shadow economies of Western Europe

Abstract: The latest empirical research indicates a strong increase in the size of the shadow economy in Western Europe, over the period 1970 to 1990. For 11 of the 17 investigated OECD-countries the size of the shadow economy in 1990 was more than 10% of GNP. Analysis shows that the major causes of the shadow economy are the direct and indirect tax burden, and government regulation.

The Clash: U.S.-Japanese Relations Throughout History

Abstract: When Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo harbor in July 1853, opening Japan to the West, a century and a half of economic, cultural, and occasionally violent clashes between Americans and Japanese began. Walter LaFeber, one of America's leading historians, has written the first book to tell the entire story behind the disagreements, tensions, and skirmishes between Japan - a compact, homogenous, closely knit society terrified of disorder - and America - a sprawling, open-ended society that fears economic depression and continually seeks an international marketplace. Using both American and Japanese sources, LaFeber provides the history behind the vicissitudes of rearming Japan, the present-day tensions in U.S.-Japan trade talks, Japan's continuing importance in financing America's huge deficit, and both nations' drive to develop China - a shadow that has darkened American-Japanese relations from the beginning. "Broad and deeply researched...The Clash is beautifully written, with clear arguments and no irrelevancies."-Gaddis Smith, Boston Globe "[This] work will easily become the best history of U.S.-Japanese relations in any language." -Akira Iriye, professor of history, Harvard University "[LaFeber] succeeds brilliantly...[W]ell-researched, meticulously sourced and highly readable."-Don Oberdorfer, Washington Post Book World

Business Ethics in Russia

Abstract: Most of the features of modern Russian business are transient, determined by the transitional character of the Russian economy and drastic changes in the social structure, ideology, and consciousness of Russian society in general. There are three main normative experiences in the traditions of Russian business: a) the experience of pre-Revolutionary business, specifically developed and practiced by the merchants of the old-believers extraction; b) the experience of socialist economy, which was more or less oriented to the public good and presupposed selfless aspirations by the economic agents; c) the experience of legally and administratively constrained private business and illegal shadow business, which expected businessmen to be vigorous, industrious and enterprising. The process of privatization was developed under the aegis of state, specifically the state bureaucracy. The influence of changes in the social-economic system has been ambivalent for social morals. However, the reforms could stimulate their improvement. The recent development in the cultural environment of business testify to the emerging space of civilized business, which manifests that it is practically useful for businessmen to be ethical.

A Short History of the Shadow

Abstract: In this investigative tour de force, Victor I. Stoichita untangles the history of one of the most enduring technical and symbolic challenges to beset Western artists - the depiction and meanings of shadows. The representation of shadow, and especially of cast shadow, is as old as art itself, for according to classical writers art was born when the outline of a human shadow thrown onto a wall was first traced out in order to capture it in the form of a silhouette. But the history of the shadow is properly the history of light versus dark, for in addition to indicating relief and volume or the times of day, shadows can intimate subtler interior realities - from states of mind to the state of the soul. According to J. C. Lavater in the 18th century, for example, it was the shadow of the face, not the face itself, that was the soul's reflection. More recently Andy Warhol, in his Shadows canvases, and Joseph Beuys have in turn explored the idea of the shadow as the hyper-realized revelation of utter human emptiness and as the self's awesomely powerful Doppelganger.Stoichita's compelling account of the shadow and Western art, which draws on texts by Renaissance artist-authors like Vasari and Cennini, folk tales, fairy tales and classical myths, works by van Eyck, Poussin, Malevich, De Chirico, Picasso and other masters, German Expressionist cinema, photography and child psychology, is a wholly original incursion into a subject that for centuries has challenged the very meaning of art as representation.

The Kindness Of Strangers: The Life Of Tennessee Williams

Abstract: * In the Shadow of the Church (19111928) * Ghosts (19281937) * In Transit (19381944) * "Ambitious, brilliant, unsettling-a work of honest reverence."Family Affairs (19441947) * Fidelities (19481952) * The Noon-Day Devil (19531957) * The Healing of Memories (19581962) * Dangerous Elements (19631969) * Endurance (19701976) * Kindness of Strangers (19771983)

How Unconscious Metaphorical Thought Shapes Dreams

Abstract: How Unconscious Metaphorical Thought Shapes Dreams George Lakoff Linguistics Department University of California at Berkeley Unconscious Thought in Cognitive Science Cognitive Science brings together empirical techniques for studying the mind from cognitive and developmental psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology, as well as the modelling techniques from computer science. The result is an interdisciplinary study of the mind that asks very different questions than psychotherapists ask, and not surprisingly, gets very different answers. Perhaps the most striking result obtained across the various branches of cognitive science is that most thought is unconscious -- though not in the sense that Freud meant by the term. To Freud, unconscious thought was thought that could, in principle, be brought to consciousness. It was thought that was, to a large extent, repressed —- too painful to be brought to consciousness. The cognitive unconscious is not like this at all. The kind of unconscious thinking that cognitive science studies cannot be done consciously. It is thinking that is extremely fast, automatic, effortless — and completely normal. It is what we call qcommon senseq — the most mundane of thought. Moreover, cognitive science tends to study common modes of thought, not the thought of a particular individual or class. Since it studies normal thought processes, it is not concerned with pathology. It is concerned with what is common about how normal people ordinarily make sense of the world. For this reason, cognitive science and psychotherapy have seen themselves as having disjoint subject matter and have barely had any interaction at all. I think this is unfortunate. To understand psychopathology, one needs to understand the workings of the normal mind. Correspondingly, psychopathology provides challenges to those who study the normal mind. The cognitive unconscious is not at all at odds with the Freudian unconscious. Both exist. But cognitive science has so far had nothing to say about the Freudian unconscious, since the techniques of analysis in the two fields are so different. At first glance, the Freudian and cognitive forms of the unconscious look very different. For Freud, unconscious thought could be made conscious; but because it is qhighly charged,q it is repressed. The cognitive unconscious is of a different character. It is part of the mechanism of thought, by nature automatic and typically not subject to conscious control. It need not be highly charged at all; it consists of the most commonplace aspects of our conceptual system. There are, however, similarities. What Freud called symbolization, displacement, condensation, and reversal appear to be the same mechanisms that

Substance and shadow: women and addiction in the United States

Abstract: Berridge makes a good case for each phase, deftly arraying evidence in point. Throughout she makes good use of the research and analysis of other scholars, crediting them thoroughly in both text and notes. Many readers will disagree with particular emphases and interpretations. This reviewer remains sceptical about the extent to which policy (as opposed to political talk) was influenced by interest groups of gays in the mid-1980s. I was also surprised to read (pages 4-5 and 183) that I had promoted a chronic disease model of HIV/AIDS that was useful to some political groups and that I had endorsed a different model several years earlier. In both instances I was observing, not preaching; a crime reporter, as it were, rather than a criminal. Moreover, during the first few years that my colleagues and I argued that policy for AIDS was increasingly resembling policy for chronic disease management, we were more often attacked than applauded in both the UK and the U.S. Hannaway and her colleagues commissioned fifteen papers. Nine of them are informative and engaging autobiographical accounts by distinguished participants in policy making, research, clinical medicine, and journalism (some in several of these roles) during the epidemic. Particularly insightful and moving are the essays by C Everett Koop, former U.S. Surgeon General, James Curran, an official of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, and Mark Smith, an internist who is now President of the California Health Care Foundation. Most of the other papers, by professional historians and a physician-anthropologist, are informative. Noteworthy are Victoria Harden's review of the response of the National Institutes of Health to the epidemic, Anne Marie Moulin's study of blood transfusion and the transmission of AIDS in France and Maryinez Lyons' paper on AIDS among women in Uganda. Berridge makes an analogy between British mobilization for World War II and AIDS policy in the late 1980s in both her book and her paper in the volume edited by Hannaway et al. Historians had a good war both times.

The Curriculum Shadow

Abstract: This article presumes that the curriculum field needs to be semantically rich so that practitioners and researchers may enhance their educational perceptions. Languag enables us to communicate and it helps us to “see” what otherwise may go unnoticed. Hence, this article propounds a new term, the “curriculum shadow,” to refer more precisely to aspects sometimes viewed as what is commonly called the “downsides” of curricula. The new term reveals how every discrete curriculum has a shadow that can be found by reflecting on what the curriculum privileges and what it disdains. What the curriculum apparently disdains could actually augment the curriculum, and may, in fact, be vital in creating a balanced curricular unit.This article begins with an overview of some critical Jungian concepts, and then distinguishes the curriculum shadow from the hidden and the null curricula. The idea of the curriculum shadow is then applied to the teaching of science, liberal arts, and reading. My analysis suggests that ...

The End of Time: Faith and Fear in the Shadow of the Millennium

Abstract: Damian Thompson examines the roots of millennial beliefs and its often unrecognized role in the development of modern society. He seeks to answer a number of surprising question, such as: Why to calendar changes have such a profound effect upon the human psyche? Why does the Catholic church attach such mystical significance to the year 2000? And why do the disembodied spirits channeled by New Age mediums point to the end of this millennium as a time of astonishing "earth changes"?

The Shadow of The Cathedral

Abstract: One View of the Cathedral1 is now so much a part of the legal canon that it is widely known simply by the joined names of its two authors, "Calabresi and Melamed." In turn, "Calabresi and Melamed" has become a shorthand name for the article's most famous legacy: the distinction between "property rules" and "liability rules" as means of protecting entitlements. Although The Cathedral has been widely cited over its venerable history,2 academic interest in its basic analytic categories has come and gone in waves.3 As this classic piece now approaches its twenty-fifth anniversary, however, a number of new articles have reignited the scholarly discussion of "property rules" and "liability rules" as analytic categories.4 In several of these scholarly ventures, beginning with The Cathedral itself, a particular explanatory example looms in the foreground: It is an instance of environmental pollution, grounded on a classic nuisance case, Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co.? in which a

Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America

Abstract: Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America. Jay Ruby. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995. 220 pp.

Cognitive science and the unconscious

Abstract: Foreword. Introduction: cognitive science and the unconscious. Psychoanalytic and cognitive conceptions of the unconscious. Conscious and unconscious memory: a model of functional amnesia. How unconscious metaphorical thought shapes dreams. What neural network studies suggest regarding the boundary between conscious and unconscious mental processes. Rethinking repression. Dissociated cognition and disintegrated experience. Cognitive psychodynamics: the clinical use of states, person schemas, and defensive control processes theories. Index.

Classical Greece and the Birth of Western Art

Abstract: 1. Archaic into classical: the Greek revolution 2. The first generation 3. The classical moment 4. Interlude: city, household, and individual in classical Greece 5. The great convulsion 6. The fourth century: an age of the individual? 7. The shadow of Macedon.

On the Shadow Political Economy of the Post-Communist Transformation: An Institutional Analysis

Abstract: Any economic system in any country in the world, especially at the end of the current century, is a unique synthesis of legal and illegal—shadow economic activity. The illegal, hidden economy functions on a par with the legal economy, has enormous dimensions, and in some countries practically does not yield to the legal economy in its dimensions.

In the shadow of migration : rural women and their households in North Tapanuli, Indonesia

Abstract: This study explores the relationship between outmigration and gender roles in two villages in North Tapanuli, on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia.

‘Good' and 'bad’ lawyers? Struggling in the shadow of the new law

Abstract: In this paper we examine the work of family lawyers in helping parents to negotiate arrangements for their children at the point of separation or divorce. Our focus is twofold. First, to examine the impact of legislative and procedural changes in family law upon this process and, secondly, to explore the popular perception that lawyers fall into two groups, namely the ‘good' and the 'bad'. Drawing upon empirical evidence we explore how lawyers are responding to the ideological framework of the 1989 Children Act in which child welfare, as the paramount concern of the law, is to be safeguarded through a collaborative style of parenting which is privately negotiated. We examine how far the solicitor’s traditional role as advocate is being compromised by these ideological principles, and by the drive towards mediation. Finally, in the light of empirical evidence, we question the validity of the populist view of what constitutes good and bad legal practice.

Studying Gendered Practices

Abstract: The author is a Finnish woman writer, who from the shadow of her famous artist-cum-author husband has won herself a place in the Nordic cultural scene and international acknowledgement. Her text reflects the pressure of expectations she has felt while seeking room for herself and trying to fit family responsibilities with literary work. It sets up the exciting question of the dynamics of gender relations, the question of change and permanence, which is also the central tension of our book. Little Red Riding Hood meets the system of gender relations through Wolf, her husband. In our book we look at that in another perspective through the processes and structures of working life, including the interrelations of work and family.

Inside the Drama-House: Rama Stories and Shadow Puppets in South India

Abstract: Stuart Blackburn takes the reader inside a little-known form of shadow puppetry in this captivating work about performing the Tamil version of the Ramayana epic. Blackburn describes the skill and physical stamina of the puppeteers in Kerala state in South India as they perform all night for as many as ten weeks during the festival season. The fact that these performances often take place without an audience forms the starting point for Blackburn's discussion--one which explores not only this important epic tale and its performance, but also the broader theoretical issues of text, interpretation, and audience. Blackburn demonstrates how the performers adapt the narrative and add their own commentary to re-create the story from a folk perspective. At a time when the Rama story is used to mobilize political movements in India, the puppeteers' elaborate recitation and commentary presents this controversial tale from another ethical perspective, one that advocates moral reciprocity and balance. While the study of folk narrative has until now focused on tales, tellers, and tellings, this work explores the importance of audience--absent or otherwise. Blackburn's elegant translations of the most dramatic and pivotal sequences of the story enhance our appreciation of this unique example of performance art.

Fortifying competitive intelligence systems with shadow teams

Abstract: Shadow teams, specialized entities within a competitive intelligence system, are charged with “shadowing” and learning everything possible about a specific competitor. A team that can think, reason, and react like the competitor can quickly provide management with actionable intelligence about the rival's behavior as needs develop. As with the overall CI function, shadow teams need to operate outside the structural confines of the organization and should report unfiltered analysis directly to strategic players. Careful initiation and monitoring of early team development, and ample technical training, are vital, as are clear, measurable goals. Teams should be kept small, or consist of “champions” with access to a ring of experts within the firm. Team members should be diverse, with a variety of dispositions, and preferably not so tenured with the firm that they've forgotten how to think “outside the box.” Case examples are provided showing why shadow teams work—and why they fail. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Me and My Shadows: On the Accumulation of Body-Images in Western Society Part One - The Image and the Image of the Body in Pre-Modern Society:

Abstract: Granting that the `soul' was only an attractive and mysterious thought, from which philosophers rightly, but reluctantly, separated themselves - that which they have since learnt to put in its place is perhaps even more attractive and even more mysterious. The human body, in which the whole of the most distant and most recent past of all organic life once more becomes living and corporal, seems to flow through this past and right over it like a huge and inaudible torrent: the body is a more wonderful thought than the old `soul'. (Nietzsche, 1973: 132-3)Man is but breath and a shadow. (Sophocles)

Facilitating and Learning at the Edge of Chaos: Expanding the Context of Experiential Education.

Abstract: Significant recent discoveries within a number of scientific disciplines, collectively referred to as the science of complexity, are creating a major shift in how human beings understand the complex, adaptive systems that make up the world A complex adaptive system consists of networks of large numbers of agents that interact with each other and with their environment according to a set of rules This set of rules contains two subsystems: a dominant, or legitimate, subsystem that encompasses the system's primary task, and a recessive, or shadow, subsystem that operates outside of the system's primary task, providing the arena for play, exploration of new behaviors, and creativity The shadow subsystem also seeks to undermine or modify the dominant subsystem through change These two subsystems coexist in dynamic tension, and when the system is operating in the narrow zone between order and chaos, called a phase transition, or "the edge of chaos," it is operating at its highest level of functioning Here is where the system creates space for novelty, where the greatest information processing takes place, where risks are taken and new behavior is tried out Five factors that determine whether a system can move into the edge of chaos are identified Practitioners of experiential education, working with and within complex human systems, already intuitively understand many aspects of complex system dynamics, and are ideally suited to use their skills in broader applications Organizations and institutions shifting to the new paradigm of complex systems will operate from a conceptual framework with which experiential educators are already skilled Includes suggestions for further reading (Author/TD) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document * ******************************************************************************** Facilitating and Learning at the Edge of Chaos: Expanding the Context of Experiential Education Carl Oekerman, MS 809 Liberty St Bellingham, WA 98225 USA Phone: (360) 671-2412 Fax: (360) 734-2302 Email: hanaok@aolcom ABSTRACT US DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1:114114 document nas been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction qualityUS DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1:114114 document nas been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in thus docu ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY