Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of economic freedom on the shadow economy and found that economic freedom is effective at reducing the spread of shadow economy, after disaggregating economic freedom into its five main components.
Abstract: This article examines the impact of economic freedom on the shadow economy. Using panel data on over 100 countries from 2000 to 2015, we find that economic freedom is effective at reducing the spread of the shadow economy. Moreover, after disaggregating economic freedom into its five main components, the results suggest that all aspects of economic freedom significantly mitigate shadow activities with freedom from regulation exhibiting the largest impact. Overall, these findings are robust after accounting for alternate measures of the shadow economy, simultaneity, outliers, and nonlinearities. Thus, countries aiming to combat the spread of shadow activities would benefit from policies that support economic freedom.
40 citations
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11 Dec 2014TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of history, norms, institutions and routines in co-ordinating counterterrorism: intelligence, police and prosecution, and operations: tackling Islamist terrorism and its supporters.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Terrorist campaigns and threat perceptions 2. Legacies of history: norms, institutions and routines 3. Co-ordinating counterterrorism: intelligence, police and prosecution 4. Justice for suspected terrorists? 5. Operations: tackling Islamist terrorism and its supporters Conclusion Appendix: list of interviews.
40 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Sexuality as a Site of Difference and Fathers and Sons: The Measure of a Man Learning Sex in and out of School Sexual Lives After School Married Life
40 citations
01 Mar 1999
40 citations
TL;DR: The contours of the GDPR's and CCPA's impact on shadow health records and health data more broadly are laid out, critical remaining uncertainty is highlighted, and increased clarity is called for from lawmakers and industry on the use of such data for research.
Abstract: Large sets of health data can enable innovation and quality measurement but can also create technical challenges and privacy risks. When entities such as health plans and health care providers handle personal health information, they are often subject to data privacy regulation. But amid a flood of new forms of health data, some third parties have figured out ways to avoid some data privacy laws, developing what we call “shadow health records”—collections of health data outside the health system that provide detailed pictures of individual health—that allow both innovative research and commercial targeting despite data privacy rules. Now that space for regulatory arbitrage is changing. The long arms of Europe's new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and California's new Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) will reach shadow health records in many companies. In this article, we lay out the contours of the GDPR's and CCPA's impact on shadow health records and health data more broadly, highlight critical remaining uncertainty, and call for increased clarity from lawmakers and industry on the use of such data for research. (Less)
40 citations