Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
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TL;DR: Whitehead M. et al. as discussed by the authors described the architecture of partnerships in the shadow of hierarchy. But their focus was on the relationship between individuals and their communities, not the hierarchy itself.
Abstract: Whitehead M. (2007). The architecture of partnerships: urban communities in the shadow of hierarchy. Policy and Politics, 31 (1), 3-23.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the links between the lawful economy and the shadow economy with social safety and determined that shadow economy has a negative impact on the main components of social safety, including the spread of poverty, maintaining an inefficient cost structure with a high share of food expenditures, and limited housing opportunities.
Abstract: DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2020/13-2/19 ABSTRACT. The links between lawful economy and the shadow economy with social safety are investigated. Based on the existing methods of estimating the shadow economy, it is determined that its official level in Ukraine exceeds the critical one (30% according to the Ministry of Economy) by most estimation methods and was ranging from 18 to 46% in 2018. This significant shadowing of the economy has a negative impact on GDP (correlation coefficient -0.729) and; is directly related to the low competitiveness of the economy as per the world rankings. Having impact on the generation of secondary income through fiscal redistribution mechanisms, the shadow economy has a negative impact on the main components of social safety, including the spread of poverty, maintaining an inefficient cost structure with a high share of food expenditures (which is also a sign of low living standards); and limited housing opportunities. The relationship between the shadow economy on the one hand and economic & social safety on the other (0.865 and -0.560, respectively) has been determined using the correlation analysis. Economic losses from the reduction of tax revenues to the budget have been estimated to confirm the need to develop mechanisms to unshadow the economy as one of top priorities for public administration in the social sphere in Ukraine.
39 citations
07 Oct 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study on low-fee private schools in Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh in India is presented, where the shadow institutional framework is used to manipulate and mediate the formal policy and regulatory framework for their benefit and formed part of the de facto LFP schools.
Abstract: While the recent emergence of private schooling targeting socially and economically disadvantaged groups in India has been noted, the broader educational discourse in India conceptualises what have been termed here ‘low‐fee private’ (LFP) schools, as a loose collection of independent ‘teaching shops’. Combining theoretical concepts from new institutional economics and the sociological variant of new institutionalism in organisational theory, empirical results from this study on LFP schooling in Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh counter such assumptions. Far from being a fragmented set of schools, LFP schools employed the shadow institutional framework, a codified yet informal set of norms and procedures, to operate as part of a distinct private schooling sector. Despite the fact that LFP case study schools were independently owned, managed, and financed, they used the shadow framework to manipulate and mediate the formal policy and regulatory framework for their benefit and formed part of the de facto LFP s...
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the contributions of local community-based nonprofit organizations to the construction of citizenship through three different examples of state-organization interaction in Minneapolis-St. Paul to integrate migrants into American society are discussed.
39 citations
TL;DR: For instance, the authors argues that the two most notable traditions of thought on war and democracy are complementary, not competing; and that analysts must distinguish clearly among three distinct causal phenomena (threat, mobilization, and warfare) when considering conflict's impact on democracy.
Abstract: Events of and since 11 September 2001 have renewed interest in age- old questions about liberal-democratic governance in the shadow of insecurity, cri- sis, and war+ Academic lawyers in particular have engaged in a vigorous debate about how liberal polities can confront security threats while maintaining their commit- ment to the rule of law+ Yet few empirical political scientists, and even fewer schol- ars of international relations, have weighed in+ The short- and especially long-run effects of international conflict on liberal-democratic institutions and processes remain an underexplored aspect of the second-image-reversed+ Prompted by recent research in law, this article finds that prominent arguments often rest on shaky theoretical and empirical foundations+ It argues that the two most notable traditions of thought on war and democracy are complementary, not competing; that small wars may also have substantial consequences; and that analysts must distinguish clearly among three distinct causal phenomena—threat, mobilization, and warfare—when considering conflict's impact on democracy+ The article critically reviews the effects of conflict on both participation and contestation; identifies the salient outstanding questions and suggests hypotheses addressing them; and explores the implications for contem- porary normative debates over executive authority and emergency powers+
39 citations