Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
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01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The shadow economy has received increasing attention by the public, politicians, and social scientists as discussed by the authors, and there are at least two reasons why politicians have become concerned about the growth and size of the shadow economy: 1) If an increase in the size of shadow economy is mainly caused by a rising tax burden, any increase in tax rates may lead to a further shift from official to in-official activities and, hence, a further decrease in tax revenues.
Abstract: During the last few years, growing concern about the phenomenon of the shadow (or hidden) economy has arisen; as a consequence, the shadow economy has received increasing attention by the public, politicians, and social scientists.1 For industrial countries, there are at least two reasons why politicians have become concerned about the growth and size of the shadow economy:
(1)
If an increase in the size of the shadow economy is mainly caused by a rising tax burden, any increase in tax rates may lead to a further shift from official to inofficial activities and, hence, to a further decrease in tax revenues.
(2)
If — due to the existence of the shadow economy — some individuals have a second source of income and spend at least part of this income in the “official” economy, any change in the size of the shadow economy directly affects the development of the official economy.
33 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a short and accessible paper attempts to define shadow banking by identifying its overall scope and its basic characteristics, and conceptually examines how shadow banking can be regulated to try to maximize its efficiencies while minimizing its risks.
Abstract: Although shadow banking is said to be huge, estimated at over $60 trillion, it is not well defined. This short and accessible paper attempts to define shadow banking by identifying its overall scope and its basic characteristics. Based on the definition derived, the paper also conceptually examines how shadow banking can be regulated to try to maximize its efficiencies while minimizing its risks.
33 citations
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TL;DR: A new but actively growing literature is now emerging at their intersection as discussed by the authors, which is called shadow banking and the Chinese economy, which are two subjects that have independently garnered much attention.
33 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore processes of innovation from a complexity perspective, in which they are understood as new patterns of experiences as they emerge in human conversational interaction, and show that innovation often emerges as "shadow themes", experienced as subversive by those involved in the moments of interaction.
Abstract: In this article, we explore processes of innovation – which are inherently uncertain – from a complexity perspective, in which they are understood as new patterns of experiences as they emerge in human conversational interaction. We reflect on local interactions between people involved in emerging processes of innovation, with a particular emphasis on the improvisational nature of interaction. Through an abductive approach, by iterating actual experiences and our understanding of them, we show that such processes are collective efforts that take place as informal, highly improvised conversations — happening ‘below the radar’ — which may unpredictably offer windows of opportunity to enable change. We show that innovation often emerges as ‘shadow themes’, experienced as subversive by those involved in the moments of interaction. While these themes are embedded in informal conversations and processes, they can be induced by invitations – conscious or unconscious moves that encourage those involved to make spontaneous moves together in a mutually improvised context. Our experience shows that the emergence of shadow themes can have a long-term impact on the organization and the people involved, and that managers may be ‘in charge but not in control’ of such innovation processes.
33 citations