Shadow (psychology)

About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.

Out of the shadows or into the dark? Economic openness, IMF programs, and the growth of shadow economies

Abstract: The existence of shadow economies is an important, yet understudied, issue for international political economy and development. This study examines how two distinct types of international economic engagement—economic openness and participation in International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs—affect the growth of shadow (informal) sectors. We theorize that increased economic openness will reduce the size of countries’ shadow sectors. More specifically, we posit that eliminating market-distorting trade barriers will decrease the incentives for shadow sector activities such as smuggling. Additionally, we posit that increased participation in global production and supply chains is likely to lead to a positive, “climb to the top” effect on states’ regulatory and labor policies that enhance the prospective benefits associated with formal sectors. Conversely, we argue that participation in IMF structural adjustment programs can lead to great shadow sector activity as IMF-imposed structural conditions might cause significant near-term economic hardship and degrade states’ regulatory capacity. The results from a panel of 145 countries from 1971 to 2012 indicate that economic openness reduces the size of the shadow economy, while participation in IMF programs is significantly related to a larger shadow economy. These findings have important implications for understanding how the divergent forms of international economic engagement might affect shadow economies.

The Germans in Australia

Abstract: Introduction 1. Why do people migrate? 2. The first fifty years 3. Scientists and explorers 4. German missionaries 5. The golden age of German immigration 6. The shadow years 7. Wilkommen again 8. Epilogue: Germans in the age of Australian multiculturalism Endnotes Bibliography.

The Balkans in the New Millennium: In the Shadow of War and Peace

Abstract: 1. Greece: A Peace-Making Role Lost and Refound 2. The Road to War in Kosovo 3. Milosevic and NATO Collide Over Kosovo 4. Macedonia: Internal Dangers Supplant External Ones 1990-2004 5. Serbia from 2000: Milosevic's Poisonous Legacy 6. Bosnia: Redesigning a Flawed Peace Process 7. Still A Danger Point: Kosovo Under International Rule 8. The EU in Search of Balkan Answers Conclusion: An Uncertain Political Future for the Balkans

Shadows: Young Taiwanese children’s views and understanding.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine young children’s views about shadows. Young children hear references to or are involved in many scientific experiences in their everyday lives, and shadows are a part of children’s everyday experiences. Young children may have constructed their knowledge about shadows through their daily experiences. Therefore, a total of 32 children, of which one‐half were four years old and one‐half were five years old, were individually interviewed twice to elicit their views and understanding of shadows. Data were collected by a mixture of picture‐pointing, verbal explanation, and manipulation, and were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. We focused on five facets of children’s ideas about shadows: ideas about the source of light, shadow orientation, shadow shape, shadow size, and shadow intensity. The five year olds performed significantly better on production of shadows, production of shadow shape, and production of shadow size, and also gave more reasonable expla...

Empathy With the Shadow: Engaging and Transforming Difficulties Through Art:

Abstract: A studio workshop exploring the theme of “empathy with the shadow” demonstrates how the arts and groups can be used to heal and transform personal afflictions. Vulnerabilities and rejected aspects of our personal lives are empathetically embraced as sources of creative energy that suggest approaches to the larger sociopolitical conflicts of the world.