Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
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26 citations
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TL;DR: The authors empirically investigate the linkages between income inequality and the shadow economy using a panel vector autoregression model, and build impulse response functions to study the time path of income inequality following a shock to the shadow market and vice versa.
Abstract: We empirically investigate the linkages between income inequality and the shadow economy. Employing a panel vector autoregression model, we build impulse response functions to study the time path of income inequality following a shock to the shadow economy, and vice versa. Our results using panel data for 144 countries over the period 1960–2009 reveal a bidirectional positive relationship between the two: specifically, higher income inequality promotes the spread of the shadow economy while the development of the shadow economy contributes to income inequality. Overall, these findings withstand a variety of robustness checks.
26 citations
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26 citations
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TL;DR: The Nordic countries have a long tradition soft law, not least in central-local relations, where non-bind is becoming increasingly common as mentioned in this paper, and non-legislative modes of policy making, such as soft-law, are becoming increasingly increasingly common today
Abstract: Soft law, or non-legislative modes of policy making, is becoming increasingly common today The Nordic countries have a long tradition soft law, not least in central–local relations, where non-bind
26 citations