Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
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01 Jan 2005
98 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between financial development and shadow economy using data for 161 countries over the period 1960-2009 and found that financial development reduces the size of the shadow economy and there is some evidence of reverse causality between these variables.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the nature of differential access to citizenship within the shadow state by looking at the practices and contexts of non-profit community development corporations (CDCs) in the city of Newark, New Jersey.
Abstract: State restructuring through decentralization, privatization, and related processes has prompted the growth of the non-profit sector as a `shadow state' increasingly responsible for social service delivery and community development In this context, the question arises as to how citizenship, defined as inclusion in a polity through the distribution of rights and resources, is realized within the shadow state If non-profit organizations are assuming functions of the state but access to the shadow state is unevenly distributed, the result may be selective disenfranchisement or differential citizenship This paper examines the nature of differential access to citizenship within the shadow state by looking at the practices and contexts of non-profit community development corporations (CDCs) in the city of Newark, New Jersey The shadow state is affected by structural and contextual influences including financial, policy, and political factors that produce differential organizational capacity, uneven spatial coverage, client selectivity, inadequate program support, unrecognized need, and unconsidered clients' preferences These contextualized practices in turn result in differential access to citizenship in the shadow state Solutions to the problem of differential citizenship require improvements in the structural and contextual conditions influencing the scope and capacity of the non-profit sector
98 citations
Patent•
09 Feb 2006TL;DR: In this article, the authors present techniques for indicating workspace awareness using one or more of a write shadow, a read shadow, and/or a shadowbar providing an indication of operations performed at associated locations by various users accessing a same document.
Abstract: Techniques are provided for indicating workspace awareness using one or more of a write shadow, a read shadow, and/or a shadowbar providing an indication of operations performed at associated locations by various users accessing a same document. A write shadow may be used to indicate a position in a document being modified by a user. A read shadow may be used to indicate a position being viewed by a user. A shadowbar may be used to indicate areas of overlap among users with a shading and coloring indicative of a degree of overlap.
98 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The authors argue that elections can clarify the likely consequences of violence, and so facilitate peaceful resolution, and show that even plebiscitory elections that do no select the political decision makers may communicate enough information to avoid civil war.
Abstract: We oer a rationale for elections that take place in the shadow of power. Factions unhappy with policy can threaten violence, but when they do not share the same beliefs about their chances of victory at arms, mutual overcondence can precipitate civil war. We argue that elections can clarify the likely consequences of violence, and so facilitate peaceful resolution. Our theory is based on the recognition that both voting and gh ting are intrinsically correlated actions. We show that even plebiscitory elections that do no select the political decision makers may communicate enough information to avoid civil war.
97 citations