Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
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TL;DR: This paper revisited the Speenhamland episode to unravel its tangled history, drawing on four decades of recent scholarship, the authors show that these policies could not have had the consequences that have been attributed to them.
Abstract: In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act that ended the entitlement of poor families to government assistance. The debate leading up to that transformation in welfare policy occurred in the shadow of Speenhamland—an episode in English Poor Law history. This article revisits the Speenhamland episode to unravel its tangled history. Drawing on four decades of recent scholarship, the authors show that Speenhamland policies could not have had the consequences that have been attributed to them. The article ends with an alternative narrative that seeks to explain how the Speenhamland story became so deeply entrenched.
83 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This article used surveys of company managers to measure the size of a shadow economy, based on the premise that company managers are the most likely to know how much business income and wages go unreported due to their unique position in dealing with both of these types of income.
Abstract: This study develops a method that uses surveys of company managers to measure the size of a shadow economy. Our method is based on the premise that company managers are the most likely to know how much business income and wages go unreported due to their unique position in dealing with both of these types of income. We use a range of survey design features to maximize the truthfulness of responses. Our method combines estimates of misreported business income, unregistered or hidden employees, and unreported wages, to arrive at an estimate of the size of a shadow economy as a percentage of GDP. This approach differs from most other studies of shadow economies, which largely focus on using macro indicators. We illustrate the application of our method to three new EU member countries. We also analyze the factors that influence companies’ participation in the shadow economy.
82 citations
Book•
04 Dec 1986
TL;DR: The shadow economy encompasses not only the black economy of moonlighting, tax dodging, and scrounging, but also a wide range of ordinary household activities such as cleaning and babysitting as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The shadow economy encompasses not only the black economy of moonlighting, tax dodging, and scrounging, but also a wide range of ordinary household activities such as cleaning and babysitting. Taking a critical look at the whole of the shadow economy, this book makes new estimates of the scale and pattern of concealed incomes. While Smith finds no evidence that the black economy has reduced the value of national accounts for macroeconomic management, he discusses the possibility of a new national accounting system that would avoid distorting the true picture of economic activity.
82 citations
01 Jan 1994
82 citations
Book•
30 Jul 2005
82 citations