scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Shadow (psychology)

About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors find that evidentiary factors either do not impact or negatively impact the probability of conviction, which stands in stark contrast to the impact evidence has at trials, and suggest that plea bargain decision-making may not occur in the shadow of the trial.
Abstract: It has been well established that a “plea discount” or “trial penalty” exists, such that defendants who plead guilty receive significant sentencing discounts relative to what they would receive if convicted at trial. Theorists argue that the exact value of this plea discount is determined by bargaining “in the shadow of a trial,” meaning that plea decision-making is premised on the perceived probable outcome of a trial. In trials, the strength of the evidence against defendants greatly impacts the probability of conviction. In the present study, we estimate the probability of conviction at the individual level for those who pled guilty. We find that, contrary to the shadow of the trial model, evidentiary factors either do not impact or negatively impact the probability of conviction, which stands in stark contrast to the impact evidence has at trials. These findings suggest that plea bargain decision-making may not occur in the shadow of the trial.

62 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the meaning and measurement of unobserved economies germane to tax evasion and macroeconomic information systems, and examine the meaning of Professor Schneider's Shadow Economy (SSE), and the veracity of his claim to have accurately estimated its size and trend worldwide by employing a MIMIC model methodology.
Abstract: This paper reviews the meaning and measurement of unobserved economies germane to tax evasion and macroeconomic information systems. These include the unreported, non-observed, underground, illegal, informal and unrecorded economies. It reviews the progress and shortcomings of national and international agency efforts to measure these unobserved economies, noting what they have in common, what distinguishes one from another and their interconnections. It then examines the meaning of Professor Schneider’s Shadow Economy (SSE), and the veracity of his claim to have accurately estimated its size and trend worldwide by employing a MIMIC model methodology. It concludes that SSE estimates suffer from conceptual flaws, apparent manipulation of results and insufficient documentation for replication, questioning their place in the academic, policy and popular literature.

62 citations

Book ChapterDOI
05 Mar 1999
TL;DR: In the TV soap, Brookside, a strong woman, Bethany, is portrayed as a victim of sexual abuse as discussed by the authors, who is so strong, she's got a grip of everything.
Abstract: Victims [of sexual abuse] on TV, they’re like a big shadow, all blacked out. That makes me feel terrible … I thought ‘I’m going to grow up and I’m going to be scared of everything’. But Beth [in the TV soap, Brookside] she’s so strong, she’s got a grip of everything. Before that everything I saw seemed to say that if you were abused you’d be strange, different, keep yourself in a wee corner. Watching Beth has really helped me.

62 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a map of shadow tutoring in East Asia and Europe is presented, showing that shadow education has spread to other parts of the world including Europe, where private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has become popular.
Abstract: Purpose:Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has long been visible in East Asia, and now has spread to other parts of the world including Europe. This article maps the ...

61 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Leadership
9.8K papers, 423.3K citations
68% related
Transactional leadership
15K papers, 645.9K citations
66% related
Leadership studies
11.3K papers, 443.2K citations
66% related
Shared leadership
14.7K papers, 612.8K citations
66% related
Creativity
32K papers, 661.7K citations
66% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20231,102
20222,472
2021374
2020435
2019429