Shadow (psychology)

About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.

The Elusive Shadow of the Law

Abstract: This article explores the conditions which lead to variation in the degree to which law affects private negotiations? It is an extension and modification of Mnookin and Kornhauser's (1979) formulation that negotiations occur in the shadow of the law. Drawing on prior research on disputes, I hypothesize that this effect depends on the way a claim is framed (which in turn is affected by the claimant's gender), on the mode of attorney involvement, and on claimant use of informational networks. I examine these hypotheses by an analysis of a small sample of recently divorced men and women who were interviewed about the negotiations that led to their custody and child-support arrangements.

Caring for America: Home health workers in the shadow of the welfare state

Abstract: There is a fascinating insight into the interplay between the personal and the political in the final chapter of this book in which Boris and Klein recount how President Barack Obama spent a day with Pauline Beck, an African-American home care worker and trade union member, during the 2008 presidential primaries. Over the course of the day, he cooked breakfast and lunch, made the bed, cleaned the house and did laundry. He went on to mention this experience when he proposed removing an exemption that has meant that most home care workers are not covered by federal legislation giving them the right to a minimum wage and overtime pay. At the time of writing, it is not clear whether this proposal will be enacted. It has been attacked by a group of Republican Senators, who have variously described it a “classic example of Washington coming up with a well-meaning idea that . . . does far more harm than good for seniors, workers, and taxpayers” and an intervention that will drive up costs and “force [families] to put loved ones in institutionalised care facilities” (Johanns, 2012). Does this construction of care work “as a labor of love” mean that care work should be excluded from the usual rules about paid employment? Why should differences between care workers and other paid employees exist? These are some of the questions that Boris and Klein seek to answer in their authoritative and wide-ranging account of the history of home care workers in the USA. It explains their origin during the New Deal when jobs in “housekeeping services” and as “homemakers” were seen as a way of providing “needy” – mainly African-American – women with employment while simultaneously easing the pressures on overcrowded hospitals by enabling people with disabilities and long-term conditions to be supported at home through to the present day when funding for care has become one of the most contested issues for politicians seeking to reduce fiscal deficits while also maintaining fragile economic growth. Boris and Klein are not the first commentators to identify the low status associated with this type of work. Neither are they the first to highlight the over-representation of people from minority ethnic groups and migrant workers. Their strength is to locate these debates within the wider historical context in a way that combines scholarship and passion. There is a wonderful tradition of writing about labor in the USA, which includes “Nickel and Dimed” (Ehreinreich, 2001) and “How the Other Half Works” (Waldinger & Lichter, 2003) that is rarely equalled in the UK. Caring for America is a real tour de force that unpicks the complicated story behind the way that long-term care is organized in the USA. This is a book whose primary readership will probably be those interested in long-term care policy or labor and trade union history. However, for anyone seeking an understanding of the “story” behind the way that care is organized in the USA, Caring for America is a thoroughly informative and enjoyable book about a group of workers whose role is acknowledged to be essential but whose lives and experiences tend to be invisible.

The not so dark side of trust: Does trust increase the size of the shadow economy?

Abstract: This paper studies the relationship between the size of the shadow economy and generalized trust, on a cross-section of countries, both developed and developing, and finds that it is significantly negative. That relationship is robust to controlling for a large set of economic, policy, and institutional variables, to changing the estimate of the shadow economy and the estimation period, and to controlling for endogeneity. It is independent from trust in institutions. We provide evidence that it is mainly present in the sample of developing countries. Latest version, September 2011: http://www.solvay.edu/sites/upload/files/CEB_WorkingPapers/LastUpdate/wp08030.pdf

The shadow factory : the ultra-secret NSA from 9/11 to the eavesdropping on America

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