Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Ferguson and Johnso as discussed by the authors studied the world financial crisis from shadow banking system to shadow bailout, and the second part of their study, "From Shadow Banking System to Shadow Bailout," appeared in the previous issue of this journal.
Abstract: This paper is the second part of our study of the world financial crisis Part I, "From Shadow Banking System to Shadow Bailout," appeared in the previous issue of this journal (Ferguson and Johnso
60 citations
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TL;DR: The influence of changes in the social-economic system has been ambivalent for social morals as discussed by the authors, however, the reforms could stimulate their improvement, which manifests that it is practically useful for businessmen to be ethical.
Abstract: Most of the features of modern Russian business are transient, determined by the transitional character of the Russian economy and drastic changes in the social structure, ideology, and consciousness of Russian society in general. There are three main normative experiences in the traditions of Russian business: a) the experience of pre-Revolutionary business, specifically developed and practiced by the merchants of the old-believers extraction; b) the experience of socialist economy, which was more or less oriented to the public good and presupposed selfless aspirations by the economic agents; c) the experience of legally and administratively constrained private business and illegal shadow business, which expected businessmen to be vigorous, industrious and enterprising. The process of privatization was developed under the aegis of state, specifically the state bureaucracy. The influence of changes in the social-economic system has been ambivalent for social morals. However, the reforms could stimulate their improvement. The recent development in the cultural environment of business testify to the emerging space of civilized business, which manifests that it is practically useful for businessmen to be ethical.
60 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors trace the numerous and sometimes elusive connections between current doctrinal and policy debates in environmental law (debates over civil and criminal enforcement as well as regulatory reform) and their common root, this question of the accuracy and validity of the rational polluter model.
Abstract: Many of the central doctrinal and policy debates in American environmental law rest, fundamentally, on disagreements over a single empirical question: what motivates firms in their interactions with the environmental regulatory system? The traditional view sees firms as "rational polluters" - self-interested economic and political actors, whose rational pursuit of their self-interest guides both their compliance decisions and their attempts to influence policy. To induce compliance, then, environmental enforcement must aim to deter violations through the imposition of penalties; likewise, to prevent firms from capturing the regulatory process, regulation must rely on prescriptive rules and must eschew informal or ad hoc policymaking methods. Reformers, on the other hand, challenge the traditional view. They look at that same deterrence- and rule-based environmental regime and see a complex, "ossified" system that often makes compliance difficult and impractical, and conclude that much noncompliance with environmental regulation is inadvertent. For these reasons, reformers advocate a more cooperative and collaborative, and less adversarial and punitive, regulatory process. The conflict between these two views casts a long shadow over American environmental regulation. This article has three objectives. First, it traces the numerous and sometimes elusive connections between current doctrinal and policy debates in environmental law (debates over civil and criminal enforcement as well as regulatory reform) and their common root, this question of the accuracy and validity of the rational polluter model. Second, it examines the latest thinking and evidence on this question from legal and social science scholarship, and concludes that the traditional view fails to explain the behavior of many regulated firms. Finally, it argues (using evidence from behavioral psychology and elsewhere) that over-reliance on the rational polluter model may pose a long-term risk to the legitimacy of the American regulatory system, particularly if it fails to meet the expectations of the political moderates.
60 citations
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TL;DR: The authors empirically assesses the influence of intelligence on a shadow economy, using data from 158 countries, over the period 1999-2007, and finds that, on average, a one standard deviation increase in IQ is associated with an 8.5 percentage point reduction in the shadow economy relative to GDP.
60 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explain the nature of the shadow concept in relation to the management of organizations and highlight the potentially grave consequences, in practice, of the Organization Shadow, and discuss the need for management to assimilate the Shadow, together with the essential difficulties of the assimilation process.
Abstract: The paper explains the nature of the Shadow Concept in relation to the management of organizations. Organization Shadow is understood as facts which organizations wish to deny about themselves, due to the threat posed to self-image and self-understanding and, more generally, the need to be viewed in a favourable light by others. The Shadow is repressed, and, as unconscious content, is projected onto others, often those who are incapable of resisting it. Three studies of organizations are used to highlight the potentially grave consequences, in practice, of the Organization Shadow. The need for management to assimilate the Organization Shadow is discussed, together with the essential difficulties of the assimilation process.
60 citations