Topic
Shadow (psychology)
About: Shadow (psychology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8396 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117158 citations.
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TL;DR: The concept of shadow education may be unfamiliar, but should hold no terrors as mentioned in this paper, which is a review of a book about private tuition, co-published by the Asian Development Bank and the...
Abstract: The concept of shadow education may be unfamiliar, but should hold no terrors. This is a review of a book about private tuition. The book has been co-published by the Asian Development Bank and the...
53 citations
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TL;DR: The significance of theconscious ego in the interpretive process has increasingly come under scrutiny, and it is becoming clearer that the analyst's view of the conscious ego orients his interpretive approach, and subtly sets the goals of the analysis.
Abstract: The significance of the conscious ego in the interpretive process has increasingly come under scrutiny. It is becoming clearer that the analyst's view of the conscious ego orients his interpretive approach, and subtly sets the goals of the analysis. At various times Freud championed the analytic importance of the conscious ego, and alternately rejected its significance. Hartmann's view of the ego stimulated research into a developmental line of the ego, while investigations of the ego in clinical psychoanalysis lagged far behind. The importance of the conscious ego in understanding resistances and levels of communication are explored.
53 citations
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TL;DR: The authors examine what occurs when this assumption is relaxed and genuine, amoral interact and review some of the different ways of creating restraints, from the traditional social contract, to the hierarchical domination of kings and lords, to modern forms of governance.
Abstract: The of traditional economics is far from being completely self-interested, rational, or as individualistic as he is purported to be; he will haggle to death over price but will not take what he wants by force. Implicitly, he is assumed to behave ruthlessly within a well-defined bubble of sainthood. Based on a simple model, I first examine what occurs when this assumption is relaxed and genuine, amoral interact. Productivity can be inversely related to compensation; a longer shadow of the future can intensify conflict; and more competition among providers of protection reduces welfare. The patently inefficient outcomes that follow call for restraining self-interest, for finding ways to govern markets. I then review some of the different ways of creating restraints, from the traditional social contract, to the hierarchical domination of kings and lords, to modern forms of governance. Checks and balances, wider representation, the bureaucratic form of organization, and other ingredients of modern governance can partly be thought of as providing restraints to the dark side of self-interest. Though highly imperfect, these restraints are better than the alternative, which typically involves autocratic, amateurish, and corrupt rule. Then, thinking of most problems in terms of a first-best economic model is practically and scientifically misguided.
53 citations
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TL;DR: The Digital Shadow with all of its subsystems is designed as a next generation information system to allow a more efficient operation of value creation systems.
53 citations