scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Shear wall published in 2014"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the state-of-the art for self-centering seismic lateral force resisting systems and outlines current research challenges for these systems and summarized the current state of the art.
Abstract: Structures designed in accordance with even the most modern buildings codes are expected to sustain damage during a severe earthquake; however; these structures are expected to protect the lives of the occupants. Damage to the structure can require expensive repairs; significant business downtime; and in some cases building demolition. If damage occurs to many structures within a city or region; the regional and national economy may be severely disrupted. To address these shortcomings with current seismic lateral force resisting systems and to work towards more resilient; sustainable cities; a new class of seismic lateral force resisting systems that sustains little or no damage under severe earthquakes has been developed. These new seismic lateral force resisting systems reduce or prevent structural damage to nonreplaceable structural elements by softening the structural response elastically through gap opening mechanisms. To dissipate seismic energy; friction elements or replaceable yielding energy dissipation elements are also included. Post-tensioning is often used as a part of these systems to return the structure to a plumb; upright position (self-center) after the earthquake has passed. This paper summarizes the state-of-the art for self-centering seismic lateral force resisting systems and outlines current research challenges for these systems.

151 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a qualitative assessment of the importance of gravity columns on the stability behavior of a typical mid-rise (10 story) steel building subjected to corner-compartment fires is presented.

113 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the hysteretic behavior of the connection between cold-formed steel (CFS) studs and sheathing when subject to in-plane lateral demands is characterized.

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, slip-friction connectors were adapted for use as hold-down in an experimental 2.4m rigid timber shear wall and a novel approach was used to achieve the desired sliding threshold in the connectors, and the wall uplifted when this threshold is reached.
Abstract: SUMMARY Allowing a structure to uplift and rock during an earthquake is one way in which activated forces can be capped and damage to the structure avoided or minimised. Slip-friction connectors (also known as slotted-bolt connectors) were originally developed for use in steel construction, but for this research have been adapted for use as hold-downs in an experimental 2.4 m × 2.4 m rigid timber shear wall. A novel approach is used to achieve the desired sliding threshold in the connectors, and the wall uplifts when this threshold is reached. From a series of quasi-static cyclic tests, it is shown that slip-friction connectors can impart ductile and elasto-plastic characteristics to what would otherwise be essentially brittle structures. Because forces on the wall were capped by the slip-friction connectors to levels well below the design level, no damage to the wall was observed. Self-centring potential was also found to be excellent. The slip-friction connectors themselves are of a unique design and have proven to be robust and durable, adequately performing their duty even after almost 14 m of cumulative travel under high contact pressures. To resist base shear without unduly affecting rocking behaviour, a new type of shear-key is proposed and implemented, and a procedure developed to quantify its influence on overall wall behaviour. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the seismic performance of timbered masonry structures with natural stones and earth mortar was analyzed by introducing three scales of experiments during which both cyclic and monotonic loadings are considered.

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored and characterized the impact of practical construction details on the cyclic performance of cold-formed steel framed shear walls sheathed with Oriented Strand Board.

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of reinforced concrete shear walls totally reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars to attain reasonable strength and drift requirements as specified in different codes was addressed.
Abstract: The present study addresses the applicability of reinforced concrete shear walls totally reinforced with glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars to attain reasonable strength and drift requirements as specified in different codes. Four large-scale shear walls—one reinforced with steel bars (as reference specimen) and three totally reinforced with GFRP bars—were constructed and tested to failure under quasistatic reversed cyclic lateral loading. The GFRP-reinforced walls have different aspect ratios covering the range of medium-rise walls. The reported test results clearly show that properly designed and detailed GFRP-reinforced walls could reach their flexural capacities with no strength degradation and that shear, sliding shear, and anchorage failures were not major problems and can be effectively controlled. The results also show recoverable and self-centering behavior up to allowable drift limits before moderate damage occurs and achieving a maximum drift meeting the limitation of most build...

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Jianguo Nie1, Xiao-Wei Ma1, Mu-Xuan Tao1, Jian-Sheng Fan1, Fan-Min Bu1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a plane combination truss model (PCTM) for the effective stiffness of composite shear walls is proposed, and the formula for calculating the effective shear stiffness of the composite wall is derived based on this model.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a shear strength model of the infill plate with multiple circular openings is proposed based on a strip model, which is used to design the boundary columns of three sample four-storey perforated shear walls.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, numerical simulations of reinforced concrete (RC) panels and the RC shear walls under monotonic and cyclic loading in order to validate the ability of the proposed model which is based on the Rigid-Body-Spring Model (RBSM) to predict the crack propagation behaviours.
Abstract: This paper presents the numerical simulations of the reinforced concrete (RC) panels and the RC shear walls under monotonic and cyclic loading in order to validate the ability of the proposed model which is based on the Rigid-Body-Spring Model (RBSM) to predict the crack propagation behaviours. The authors have already developed constitutive models for the three-dimensional RBSM with random geometry in order to quantitatively evaluate the mechanical responses including softening and localization fractures, and have shown that the model can well simulate the cracking and failure behaviours of RC members. In this study, the constitutive models were extended to include cyclic effects and the model was validated through the simulations of the RC panel tests under cyclic loadings, which were reported in the literatures. Furthermore, the simulations of the RC shear wall tests, which were tested in the context of the international benchmark ConCrack (http://www.concrack.org/) were carried out, and the capability...

65 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results from tests on a total of seven squat concrete masonry walls under quasi-static, in-plane, cyclic loading are reported, and the significance of this study is that it shows bamboo is a viable alternative to steel reinforcement, which could be of use in low-cost housing applications in regions where bamboo is more cost-effective than steel.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a program of displacement based loading tests was carried out on single-storey shear walls of various configurations to investigate their performance and to establish a comprehensive database of information.
Abstract: The design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls is not addressed in Canadian design standards. A program of displacement based loading tests was carried out on single-storey shear walls of various configurations to investigate their performance and to establish a comprehensive database of information. The walls, which were subjected to lateral loading and combined lateral plus gravity loading, differed in sheathing thickness, screw fastener detailing, framing thickness, aspect ratio and framing reinforcement. The performance under loading was directly related to the sheathing connection pattern; however, when the framing elements were not blocked tension field forces resulted in significant damage to the chord studs. Details of the test program and general results are presented in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis program was developed to analyze the moment-curvature behavior of concrete-filled steel plate composite shear walls, and the results were analyzed to develop simplified formulas based on geometric and material inputs for calculating the ultimate curvature which was defined as the curvature associated with a 15% loss in moment capacity.

01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural performance of a building with shear wall is analyzed and the importance of the shear walls in resist the wind and earthquake load are study, the effect of the Shear walls on the conventional frame system is analyzed.
Abstract: Shear walls are a type of structural system that provides lateral resistance to a building or structure. They resist in-plane loads that are applied along its height. The applied load is generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. The performance of the framed buildings depends on the structural system adopted for the structure The term structural system or structural frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural system transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These structural systems need to be chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc. The selection of appropriate structural systems for building must satisfy both strength and stiffness requirements. The structural system must be adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation. Other important issues that must be considered in planning the structural schemes and layouts are the requirements for architectural details, building services like vertical transportation and fire safety among others. Each of the structural system will be having its own prospects and considerations. The efficiency of a structural system is measured in terms of their ability to resist lateral load, which increases with the height of the frame. A building can be considered as tall when the effect of lateral loads is reflected in the design. Lateral deflections of framed buildings should be limited to prevent damage to both structural and nonstructural elements. In the present study, the structural performance of the framed building with shear wall will be analysis. The importance of the shear wall in resist the wind and earthquake load are study, the effect of the shear walls on the conventional frame system. The

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the seismic performance of connections between CLT shearwall panels and the foundation was investigated. But the performance of the connections was not evaluated in the case of simulated earthquake loads.
Abstract: Cross-laminated timber (CLT) products are gaining popularity in the North American market and are being used in midrise wood buildings, in particular, in shearwall applications. Shearwalls provide resistance to lateral loads such as wind and earthquake loads, and therefore it is important to gain a better understanding of the behavior of CLT shearwall systems during earthquake events. This paper is focused on the seismic performance of connections between CLT shearwall panels and the foundation. CLT panels are very stiff and energy dissipation is accomplished by the connections. A literature review on previous research work related to damage prediction and assessment for wood frame structures was performed. Furthermore, a test program was conducted to investigate the performance of CLT connections subjected to simulated earthquake loads. Two different brackets in combination with five types of fasteners were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading protocols. In total, 98 connection tests were co...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls has been developed for inclusion in the American Iron and Steel Institute's North American standards for lateral design using a comprehensive database of single-storey shear wall tests carried out in Canada and in the United States.
Abstract: A method for the design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls has been developed for inclusion in the American Iron and Steel Institute's North American standards for lateral design using a comprehensive database of single-storey shear wall tests carried out in Canada and in the United States. The wall configurations differed in terms of wall aspect ratio, framing and sheathing thickness, screw fastener schedule and framing reinforcement. The Equivalent Energy Elastic–Plastic (EEEP) analysis approach was used to derive key design information from the test data, including: nominal shear resistance, a resistance factor, an over-strength factor for capacity based seismic design and ‘test-based’ seismic force modification factors for ductility and over-strength.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ring-shaped steel plate shear wall (RS-SPSW) as discussed by the authors includes a steel web plate that is cut with a pattern of holes leaving ringshaped portions of steel connected by diagonal links.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the lateral stiffness, lateral load capacities and hysteretic characteristics of the timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems with single and double-sheathed infill wood-frame shear walls were investigated.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the lateral performance of timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems. Such systems are composed of steel moment-resisting frames and infill wood-frame shear walls. Monotonic and reversed cyclic tests of two full-scale timber-steel hybrid structures were conducted. There were three timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems in each structure. The lateral stiffness, lateral load capacities and hysteretic characteristics of the timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems with single- and double-sheathed infill wood-frame shear walls were investigated. The load sharing effect between the timber and the steel subsystems was studied. The test results showed that the installation of the infill wood-frame shear wall produced a significant increase in the initial lateral stiffness of the bare steel moment-resisting frame. The infill wood-frame shear walls were very effective in the initial stages of loading and absorbed a substantial part of the lateral load....

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance and failure mode of all of the panels tested revealed a shear type of failure that is influenced by the opening type, and critical areas and lack of reinforcement were observed in certain regions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, structural glass-timber composite beams and shear wall elements were investigated in terms of their mechanical behaviour, energy performance and their LCA performance and the results show that it is possible to join the two materials glass and timber and obtaining a non-brittle failure of the beams.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an optimal seismic design of reinforced concrete shear wall-frame structures based on ACI seismic criteria for beams, columns, and shear walls, along with ordinary design constraints and effective seismic constraints.
Abstract: Seismic design of Reinforced Concrete (RC) dual systems is performed as an optimization problem for which the charged system search algorithm is utilized as an optimizer. An efficient structural modeling is also presented for this purpose. Here, first databases are created based on ACI seismic criteria for beams, columns and shear walls. Formulations for optimal seismic design of dual systems (shear wall-frame) are proposed. With some modifications on these formulations, optimal seismic design of RC moment frames can also be performed. This procedure is along with ordinary design constraints and effective seismic design constraints. These constraints consist of beams, columns, shear wall design criteria, and some other seismic provisions. Cost of the structure is considered as the objective function. According to the results of the numerical example, the proposed methodology can be considered as a suitable practical approach for optimal seismic design of reinforced concrete shear wall-frame structures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the behavior of trapezoidally corrugated steel plate shear walls (TCSPSWs) under monotonic and cyclic loadings was investigated.
Abstract: SUMMARY At present, corrugated plates have numerous applications such as web of plate girders and aerospace applications. Higher out-of-plane stiffness and initial elastic strength of the corrugated plates compared with flat plates are reasons for consideration. This study investigates the behavior of trapezoidally corrugated steel plate shear walls (TCSPSWs) under monotonic and cyclic loadings. Finite element analyses that include both material and geometric nonlinearities are employed for the examination. The results from finite element analysis are verified through tested specimen findings. Moreover, the behavior of the steel shear walls with the flat infill panels and the corrugated plate infill panels is compared. The results show that explicit dynamic analysis is the most suitable analysis for the TCSPSWs under quasi-static loading. Furthermore, although strength of the TCSPSWs obtained from the finite element analysis and the test are fully coincident in elastic region, nonetheless, they are fairly coincident in elastic–plastic and plastic region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two strengthening techniques for timber floors in historical masonry buildings were investigated, and four full scale stiffened floor samples, which were designed using specific relationships to calculate in-plane stiffness and resistance, were tested under inplane cyclic loading.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to use a confined boundary element at the critical wall toes to increase the curvature ductility capacity of the plastic hinge region of reinforced masonry structural walls subject to high inelastic curvature demands.
Abstract: The design of reinforced masonry (RM) structural walls subject to high inelastic curvature demands can often be hindered by prescriptive requirements in design codes regarding the ratio between compression zone depth (c) and wall length (lw). A possible solution to this would be the detailing of a confined boundary element at the critical wall toes to increase the curvature ductility capacity of the plastic hinge region. The Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC) code currently prescribes the possible use of such boundary elements for the special reinforced masonry shear walls category. However, the MSJC provides no relevant prescriptive detailing guidance, leaving the onus on the designer to specify appropriate detailing to ensure the desired performance. The results of an experimental program designed to develop a confinement scheme based on conventional masonry construction practices are reported in this paper. Five half-scale RM walls, detailed with confined boundary elements containing a do...

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear interface element modeling method is formulated for the prediction of deformation and failure of high adhesive thin layer polymer mortared masonry exhibiting failure of units and mortar.
Abstract: A nonlinear interface element modelling method is formulated for the prediction of deformation and failure of high adhesive thin layer polymer mortared masonry exhibiting failure of units and mortar. Plastic flow vectors are explicitly integrated within the implicit finite element framework instead of relying on predictor–corrector like approaches. The method is calibrated using experimental data from uniaxial compression, shear triplet and flexural beam tests. The model is validated using a thin layer mortared masonry shear wall, whose experimental datasets are reported in the literature and is used to examine the behaviour of thin layer mortared masonry under biaxial loading.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a parametric investigation is performed on six groups of typical struc- tures with varying shear wall positions, story, and axis numbers, and a new provisional definition for torsional irregularity coefficient based on floor rotations is proposed.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is first to determine the conditions for excessive torsional irregularity and then to discuss the validity of code provisions. A parametric investigation is performed on six groups of typical struc- tures with varying shear wall positions, story, and axis numbers. It is found that torsional irregularity coefficients increase as the story numbers decrease, i.e., maximum irregularity coefficients occur for single-story structures. They reach maximum values when the asymmetrical shear walls are placed as close as possible to the centers of mass. However, the results obtained for floor rotations are quite contradictory. A new provisional definition for torsional irregularity coefficient based on floor rotations is proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented probabilistic structural fragility assessment of public school buildings in Istanbul, which were constructed based on a standardized/typical project, and derived fragility functions based on nonlinear dynamic analyses through Monte Carlo simulations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new emerging structural system, called JK system, which uses JK walls as its main structural elements was introduced, which is a kind of shear wall constructed with low-strength/super-lightweight Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) concrete and reinforced by JK panel, JK stiffener and some additional steel rebars.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element modeling and a parametric analysis of prototype timber-steel hybrid structures, which are composed of steel moment-resisting frames and infill wood-frame shear walls, were presented.
Abstract: SUMMARY This paper presents finite element modeling and a parametric analysis of prototype timber–steel hybrid structures, which are composed of steel moment-resisting frames and infill wood-frame shear walls A user-defined element was developed to model the behavior of the infill wood shear walls based on the concept of pseudo-nail model The element was implemented as a subroutine in a finite element software package abaqus The model was verified by reversed cyclic test results and further used in a parametric analysis to investigate the lateral performance of timber–steel hybrid shear walls with various structural configurations The results showed that the infill wall was quite effective within small drift ratios, and the elastic lateral stiffness of the hybrid shear wall increased when a stronger infill wall was used In order to ensure the structural efficiency of the hybrid shear wall system, it is beneficial to use relatively strong timber–steel bolted connections to make sure the shear force can be transferred effectively between the steel frame and the infill wall Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element (FE) model of timber-frame structures is presented, which improves numerical robustness and represents a step forward by taking into account the damage of joints with metal fasteners.