Shear wall

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Guide to stability design criteria for metal structures

Abstract: PREFACE. NOTATION AND ABBREVIATIONS. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. 1.1 From the Metal Column to the Structural System. 1.2 Scope and Summary of the Guide. 1.3 Mechanical Properties of Structural Metals. 1.4 Definitions. 1.5 Postbuckling Behavior. 1.6 Credits for the Chapters in the Sixth Edition of the SSRC Guide. References. CHAPTER 2 STABILITY THEORY. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Bifurcation Buckling. 2.3 Limit-Load Buckling. References. CHAPTER 3 CENTRALLY LOADED COLUMNS. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Column Strength. 3.3 Influence of Imperfections. 3.4 Influence of End Restraint. 3.5 Strength Criteria for Steel Columns. 3.6 Aluminum Columns. 3.7 Stainless Steel Columns. 3.8 Tapered Columns. 3.9 Built-Up Columns. 3.10 Stepped Columns. 3.11 Guyed Towers. References. CHAPTER 4 PLATES. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Elastic Local Buckling of Flat Plates. 4.3 Inelastic Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength of Flat Plates. 4.4 Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength of Stiffened Plates. 4.5 Buckling of Orthotropic Plates. 4.6 Interaction between Plate Elements. References. CHAPTER 5 BEAMS. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Elastic Lateral-Torsional Buckling, Prismatic I-Section Members. 5.3 Fundamental Comparison of Design Standards, Prismatic I-Section Members. 5.4 Stepped, Variable Web Depth and Other Nonprismatic I-Section Members. 5.5 Continuous-Span Composite I-Section Members. 5.6 Beams with Other Cross-Sectional Types. 5.7 Design for Inelastic Deformation Capacity. 5.8 Concluding Remarks. References. CHAPTER 6 PLATE GIRDERS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Preliminary Sizing. 6.3 Web Buckling as a Basis for Design. 6.4 Shear Strength of Plate Girders. 6.5 Girders with No Intermediate Stiffeners. 6.6 Steel Plate Shear Walls. 6.7 Bending Strength of Plate Girders. 6.8 Combined Bending and Shear. 6.9 Plate Girders with Longitudinal Stiffeners. 6.10 End Panels. 6.11 Design of Stiffeners. 6.12 Panels under Edge Loading. 6.13 Fatigue. 6.14 Design Principles and Philosophies. 6.15 Girders with Corrugated Webs. 6.16 Research Needs. References. CHAPTER 7 BOX GIRDERS. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Bases of Design. 7.3 Buckling of Wide Flanges. 7.4 Bending Strength of Box Girders. 7.5 Nominal Shear Strength of Box Girders. 7.6 Strength of Box Girders under Combined Bending, Compression, and Shear. 7.7 Influence of Torsion on Strength of Box Girders. 7.8 Diaphragms. 7.9 Top-Flange Lateral Bracing of Quasi-Closed Sections. 7.10 Research Needs. References. CHAPTER 8 BEAM-COLUMNS. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Strength of Beam-Columns. 8.3 Uniaxial Bending: In-Plane Strength. 8.4 Uniaxial Bending: Lateral-Torsional Buckling. 8.5 Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor. 8.6 Biaxial Bending. 8.7 Special Topics. References. CHAPTER 9 HORIZONTALLY CURVED STEEL GIRDERS. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Historical Review. 9.3 Fabrication and Construction. 9.4 Analysis Methods. 9.5 Stability of Curved I-Girders. 9.6 Stability of Curved Box Girders. 9.7 Concluding Remarks. References. CHAPTER 10 COMPOSITE COLUMNS AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 U.S.-Japan Research Program. 10.3 Cross-Sectional Strength of Composite Sections. 10.4 Other Considerations for Cross-Sectional Strength. 10.5 Length Effects. 10.6 Force Transfer between Concrete and Steel. 10.7 Design Approaches. 10.8 Structural Systems and Connections for Composite and Hybrid Structures. 10.9 Summary. References. CHAPTER 11 STABILITY OF ANGLE MEMBERS. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Review of Experimental and Analytical Research. 11.3 Single-Angle Compression Members. 11.4 Current Industry Practice for Hot-Rolled Single-Angle Members in the United States. 11.5 Design Criteria for Hot-Rolled Angle Columns in Europe, Australia, and Japan. 11.6 Design of Axially Loaded Cold-Formed Single Angles. 11.7 Concluding Remarks on the Compressive Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Single-Angle Members. 11.8 Multiple Angles in Compression. 11.9 Angles in Flexure. References. CHAPTER 12 BRACING. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Background. 12.3 Safety Factors, phi Factors, and Definitions. 12.4 Relative Braces for Columns or Frames. 12.5 Discrete Bracing Systems for Columns. 12.6 Continuous Column Bracing. 12.7 Lean-on Systems. 12.8 Columns Braced on One Flange. 12.9 Beam Buckling and Bracing. 12.10 Beam Bracing. References. CHAPTER 13 THIN-WALLED METAL CONSTRUCTION. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Member Stability Modes (Elastic). 13.3 Effective Width Member Design. 13.4 Direct Strength Member Design. 13.5 Additional Design Considerations. 13.6 Structural Assemblies. 13.7 Stainless Steel Structural Members. 13.8 Aluminum Structural Members. 13.9 Torsional Buckling. References. CHAPTER 14 CIRCULAR TUBES AND SHELLS. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Description of Buckling Behavior. 14.3 Unstiffened or Heavy-Ring-Stiffened Cylinders. 14.4 General Instability of Ring-Stiffened Cylinders. 14.5 Stringer- or Ring-and-Stringer-Stiffened Cylinders. 14.6 Effects on Column Buckling. 14.7 Cylinders Subjected to Combined Loadings. 14.8 Strength and Behavior of Damaged and Repaired Tubular Columns. References. CHAPTER 15 MEMBERS WITH ELASTIC LATERAL RESTRAINTS. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Buckling of the Compression Chord. 15.3 Effect of Secondary Factors on Buckling Load. 15.4 Top-Chord Stresses due to Bending of Floor Beams and to Initial Chord Eccentricities. 15.5 Design Example. 15.6 Plate Girder with Elastically Braced Compression Flange. 15.7 Guyed Towers. References. CHAPTER 16 FRAME STABILITY. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Methods of Analysis. 16.3 Frame Behavior. 16.4 Frame Stability Assessment Using Second-Order Analysis. 16.5 Overview of Current Code Provisions. 16.6 Structural Integrity and Disproportionate Collapse Resistance. 16.7 Concluding Remarks. References. CHAPTER 17 ARCHES. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 In-Plane Stability of Arches. 17.3 Out-of-Plane Stability of Arches. 17.4 Braced Arches and Requirements for Bracing Systems. 17.5 Ultimate Strength of Steel Arch Bridges. References. CHAPTER 18 DOUBLY CURVED SHELLS AND SHELL-LIKE STRUCTURES. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 The Basic Problem. 18.3 Finite Element Method. 18.4 Design Codes. 18.5 Design Aids. 18.6 Reticulated Shells. 18.7 Design Trends and Research Needs. References. CHAPTER 19 STABILITY UNDER SEISMIC LOADING. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Design for Local and Member Stability. 19.3 Global System Stability ( P -DELTA Effects). References. CHAPTER 20 STABILITY ANALYSIS BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Nonlinear Analysis. 20.3 Linearized Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis. References. APPENDIX A GENERAL REFERENCES ON STRUCTURAL STABILITY. APPENDIX B TECHNICAL MEMORANDA OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY RESEARCH COUNCIL. B.1 Technical Memorandum No. 1: The Basic Column Formula. B.2 Technical Memorandum No. 2: Notes on the Compression Testing of Metals. B.3 Technical Memorandum No. 3: Stub-Column Test Procedure. B.4 Technical Memorandum No. 4: Procedure for Testing Centrally Loaded Columns. B.5 Technical Memorandum No. 5: General Principles for the Stability Design of Metal Structures. B.6 Technical Memorandum No. 6: Determination of Residual Stresses. B.7 Technical Memorandum No. 7: Tension Testing. B.8 Technical Memorandum No. 8: Standard Methods and Definitions for Tests for Static Yield Stress. B.9 Technical Memorandum No. 9: Flexural Testing. B.10 Technical Memorandum No. 10: Statistical Evaluation of Test Data for Limit States Design. References. APPENDIX C STRUCTURAL STABILITY RESEARCH COUNCIL. NAME INDEX. SUBJECT INDEX.

Tall Building Structures: Analysis and Design

Abstract: Tall Buildings. Design Criteria. Loading. Structural Form. Modeling for Analysis. Braced Frames. Rigid-Frame Structures. Infilled-Frame Structures. Shear Wall Structures. Coupled Shear Wall Structures. Wall-Frame Structures. Tubular Structures. Core Structures. Outrigger-Braced Structures. Generalized Theory. Stability of High-Rise Buildings. Dynamic Analysis. Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

Ductile design of steel structures

Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Structural Steel Chapter 3. Plastic Behavior at the Cross-Section Level Chapter 4. Concepts of Plastic Analysis Chapter 5. Systematic Methods of Plastic Analysis Chapter 6. Applications of Plastic Analysis Chapter 7. Building Code Seismic Design Philosophy Chapter 8. Design of Ductile Moment-Resisting Frames Chapter 9. Design of Ductile Concentrically Braced Frames Chapter 10. Design of Ductile Eccentrically Braced Frames Chapter 11. Design of Ductile Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames Chapter 12. Design of Ductile Steel Plate Shear Walls Chapter 13. Other Ductile Steel Energy Dissipating Systems Chapter 14. Stability and Rotation Capacity of Steel Beams Index

Textile reinforced mortar (trm) versus frp as strengthening material of urm walls: out-of-plane cyclic loading

Abstract: In this study the application of a new structural material, namely textile-reinforced mortar (TRM), as a means of increasing the load carrying capacity and deformability of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to cyclic in-plane loading is experimentally investigated. The application of externally bonded TRM is considered in this work as an alternative method to the application of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). Hence, the effectiveness of TRM overlays is evaluated in comparison to the one provided by FRPs. Medium-scale tests were carried out on 22 masonry walls subjected to in-plane cyclic loading. Three types of specimens were used: (a) shear walls; (b) beam-columns; and (c) beams. The parameters under investigation included the matrix material (mortar versus resin), the number of textile layers and the compressive stress level applied to shear walls and beam-columns. Compared with their resin-impregnated counterparts, mortar-impregnated textiles may result in generally lower effectiveness in terms of strength, but in much higher in terms of deformability. From the results obtained in this study it is believed that TRMs hold strong promise as a solution for the structural upgrading of masonry structures under in-plane loading.

Damage models for the seismic response of brick masonry shear walls. part ii: the continuum model and its applications

Abstract: SUMMARY The damage model for mortar joints proposed in the companion paper (Reference 1) is here applied to an extended approach for the evaluation of the lateral response of in-plane loaded brick masonry shear walls. The continuum model considered here is based on the simplifying assumption of an equivalent stratified medium made up of layers representative of the mortar bed joints and of the brick units and head joints, respectively. The constitutive equations for the brick masonry are obtained through a homogenization procedure involving the damage model proposed in the companion paper and simple damage constitutive equations for the brick layer. The constitutive model is used in a finite element analysis of the lateral response of brick masonry shear walls in-plane loaded either by cyclic horizontal actions superimposed on vertical loads or by dynamic loads, which are representative of the seismic actions. The capabilities and the validity limits of the finite element analysis obtained by the continuum approach are indicated from the simulation of experimental results concerning rectangular slender and squat shear walls and also by the comparison with the theoretical results from the composite model proposed in the companion paper. Moreover, simulations of the experimental results from large-scale brick masonry shear walls carried out at the University of Pavia are presented. Finally the same shear wall has been analysed under dynamic strong motion at the base from which the suitability of the approach for the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings emerges. ( 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.