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Shell balance
About: Shell balance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 154 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3691 citations.
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TL;DR: Computed levels of fluid flow suggested a possible load transduction mechanism for cells in the tissue, and the effect of variations in fluid viscosity and permeability of the solid matrix was parametrically explored.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe interstitial fluid flow in axisymmetric soft connective tissue (ligaments or tendons) when they are loaded in tension. Soft hydrated tissue was modelled as a porous medium (using Darcy's Law), and the finite element method was used to solve the resulting equations governing fluid flow. A commercially available computer program (FiDAP) was used to create an axisymmetric model of a biomechanically tested rat ligament. The unknown variables at element nodes were pressure and velocity of the interstitial fluid (Newtonian and incompressible). The effect of variations in fluid viscosity and permeability of the solid matrix was parametrically explored. A transient loading state mimicking a rat ligament mechanical experiment was used in all simulations. The magnitude and distribution of pressure, stream lines, shear (stress) rate, vorticity and velocity showed regular patterns consistent with extension flow. Parametric changes of permeability and viscosity strongly affected fluid flow behaviour. When the radial permeability was 1000 times less than the axial permeability, shear rate and vorticity increased (approximately 5-fold). These effects (especially shear stress and pressure) suggested a strong interaction with the solid matrix. Computed levels of fluid flow suggested a possible load transduction mechanism for cells in the tissue.
59 citations
TL;DR: The non-linear dynamics and stability of simply supported, circular cylindrical shells containing inviscid, incompressible fluid flow is analyzed by using the Donnell's nonlinear shallow shell theory as discussed by the authors.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the relationship between the ensemble average stress in a dilute suspension of spheres and the imposed rate of strain and rotation for a general linear flow of a suspension in a second-order fluid.
Abstract: The relationship between the ensemble average stress in a dilute suspension of spheres and the imposed rate of strain and rotation is derived for a general linear flow of a suspension in a second-order fluid. In a Newtonian fluid, the particulate phase only contributes to the stress via the shear viscosity; the contribution takes the form of a stresslet, the symmetric first moment of the force distribution on the surface of a suspended particle. In a second-order fluid, the interactions of the particles and polymers contribute to the stress in three ways: (1) the particle-induced fluid velocity disturbance alters the polymer stress in the fluid; (2) the polymer stresses exerted on the particle contribute to the particle’s stresslet; (3) the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid changes the pressure and velocity field, thereby modifying the Newtonian contributions to the particle stresslet. The particle contributions Ψ 1 P and Ψ 2 P to the first and second normal stress differences are related to the corresponding stress differences ( Ψ 1 0 and Ψ 2 0 ) for the suspending fluid by Ψ 1 P = ( 5 / 2 ) ϕ Ψ 1 0 and Ψ 2 P = ( 75 / 28 ) ϕ Ψ 2 0 − ( 5 / 28 ) ϕ Ψ 1 0 , where ϕ is the particle volume fraction.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of variable viscosity with heat transfer on solid particle motion of dusty Jeffrey fluid model through a planar channel has been examined and the governing flow problem for fluid phase and dusty phase is formulated with the help of momentum and energy equation.
Abstract: In this paper, effects of variable viscosity with heat transfer on solid particle motion of dusty Jeffrey fluid model through a planar channel has been examined. The governing flow problem for fluid phase and dusty phase is formulated with the help of momentum and energy equation. The resulting coupled ordinary differential equations have been solved analytically and closed form solutions are presented. The influence of all the physical parameters are sketched for velocity profile, pressure rise and temperature profile. Numerical computation is used to evaluate the expression for pressure rise. The present analysis is also presented for Newtonian fluid by taking λ1 → 0 as a special case of our study. It is found that due to the influence of variable viscosity, the fluid velocity changes in the center of the channel and shows opposite behavior near the walls. It is also found that temperature profile increases for larger values of Prandtl number (Pr) and Eckert number (Ec).
48 citations