Shellac

About: Shellac is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1099 publications have been published within this topic receiving 10615 citations. The topic is also known as: shellac varnish & shell-lacca.

Edible applications of shellac oleogels: spreads, chocolate paste and cakes

Abstract: We demonstrate three potential edible applications of shellac oleogels as (i) a continuous oil phase for preparation of emulsifier-free, structured w/o emulsions (spreads), (ii) a replacer for oil-binders in chocolate paste formulations and (iii) a shortening alternative for cake preparation. Water-in-oil emulsions with up to 60 wt% water were prepared without the need for an emulsifier by simply using shellac oleogels as the continuous oil phase. The water droplets in these emulsions (size < 40 μm) were stabilized via interfacial and bulk crystallization of shellac. Chocolate paste prepared by complete replacement of an oil-binder and a partial replacement of palm oil (∼27%) with a shellac oleogel, showed no sign of ‘oiling-out’ when stored at elevated temperature (30 °C) for several weeks. Further, cakes prepared using oleogel-based w/o emulsions (20 wt% water) as a shortening alternative showed comparable functionalities (texture and sensory attributes) to the standard cake.

Combined GC/MS Analytical Procedure for the Characterization of Glycerolipid, Waxy, Resinous, and Proteinaceous Materials in a Unique Paint Microsample

Abstract: A novel GC/MS analytical procedure for the identification of lipids, waxes, proteins, and resinous materials in the same microsample from painted works of art has been optimized. It is based on a sample multistep chemical pretreatment (solvent extractions and microwave-assisted chemolysis) that is able to separate the various organic components into different fractions, which are suitably treated and derivatized before analysis. In particular, the procedure allows the complete saponification of wax esters and the completeness of the Cannizzaro type reaction of shellac acids in conditions that are suitable also for glycerides saponification. The method was tested on reference materials for the identification of proteinaceous binders (egg, collagen, casein) on the basis of the quantitative determination of the amino acid profile and the identification of glycerolipids (linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, and egg), plant resins (Pinaceae resins, sandarac, mastic, and dammar), animal resins (shellac), tars or pitches, and natural waxes (beeswax, carnauba wax) on the basis of the determination of fatty acid, alcohol, and hydrocarbon profiles and of significant terpenic molecular markers. The procedure was applied to the characterization of three old paint microsamples. Animal glue, egg, linseed oil, beeswax, Pinaceae resin, dammar, and shellac were the identified materials found in mixtures and recognized as original and/or restoration substances.

Efficient approach to high barrier packaging using microfibrillar cellulose and shellac

Abstract: This paper presents an investigation on the enhancement of the barrier properties of paperboard and paper. Microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) and shellac were deposited on the fibre based substrates using a bar coater or a spray coating technique. The air, oxygen and water vapour permeability properties were measured to quantify the barrier effect of the applied coatings. In addition, the mechanical properties were determined and image analysis of the structure was performed to examine the coating adhesion. The air permeance of the paperboard and papers was substantially decreased with a multilayer coating of MFC and shellac. Furthermore, for the MFC and shellac coated papers, the oxygen transmission rate decreased several logarithmic units and the water vapour transmission rate reached values considered as high barrier in food packaging (6.5 g/m2 24 h). The analysis of mechanical and morphological properties indicated good adhesion between the coating and the base substrate.

Electrosprayed hydrophilic nanocomposites coated with shellac for colon-specific delayed drug delivery

Abstract: Advanced medicated nanomaterials that provide time- and target-specific drug release profiles are highly desired for efficacious drug delivery. In this study, a structural nanocomposite (P2) consisted of tamoxifen citrate (TC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (2:8, w:w) as core and shellac as shell was designed and fabricated using a modified coaxial electrospraying process. Shellac solution, which could not be converted into solid particles individually, was explored as a shell working fluid to encapsulate the core TC-PVP blending solution, which could be electrosprayed into solid particles (P1) all alone. SEM and TEM evaluations demonstrated that the quality of the core-shell particles P2 was higher than that of the monolithic particles P1 in terms of particle diameter, size distribution and number of satellites. XRD results suggested that TC was similarly present in an amorphous state in particles P1 and P2 due to its fine compatibility with PVP, which was verified through FTIR tests. In vitro dissolution experiments suggested that P2 could provide the designed drug colon-specific delayed release characteristics, passing through acidic conditions of pH 2.0 dissolution media and freeing all of the loaded TC within 5 min at pH 7.4 dissolution media.

Reduction in gas exchange of citrus fruit by wax coatings

Abstract: Grapefruits and oranges were coated with various fruit waxes. Compared to control, internal CO2 concentration was markedly higher and weight loss markedly lower for coated fruit. Resistance of coated fruit to passage of CO2 and water vapor was shown to be influenced by permeability of the coating but more so by the degree to which the coating seals openings in the fruit epidermis. For restriction of CO2 exchange the coating thickness and surface tension of liquid coating were of less importance than type of wax. Critical surface tension of grapefruit and orange peel, after washing, was 23 dyn/cm. Shellac coatings adversely affected fruit flavor.