Showing papers on "Shielded metal arc welding published in 1979"
TL;DR: The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberra-tions were examined in cultured Chinese hamster cells exposed to two sorts of fume particles collected from different procedures of stainless steel welding and it was assumed that dissolved hexavalent Cr may be involved in the cytogenetic effect of the fumes from Stainless steel welding.
Abstract: The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberra-tions were examined in cultured Chinese hamster cells (Don) exposed to two sorts of fume particles collected from different procedures of stainless steel weldingIt was confirmed that the frequencies of SCE and chromosome aberrations in the cells treated with these fume particles increased with increasing fume doses within the range of the fume concentration tested The fume partticles collected from manual metal arc (MMA) welding were more powerful than those from metal inert gas (MIG) welding In order to cause the same increase in SCE frequency the fume particles from MIG welding needed to be about 100 times as much as those from MMA welding The fume particles from MMA welding showed a higher so-lubility of Cr than those from MIG welding The amount of dissolved Cr from the former was about 60 times as much as that from the latter when culture medium was used as a solvent Small amounts of Mn, Ni, Fe and Mg were also detected in the supernatants of both fume suspensions There were no significant differences in the amounts of these metals as was found with Cr when comparing MMA weld-ing with MIG welding The frequencies of SCE and chromosome aberrations were also increased by the addition of the supernatants of these suspensionsFrom these results, it was assumed that dissolved hexavalent Cr may be involved in the cytogenetic effect of the fume particles from stainless steel welding
41 citations
Patent•
12 Apr 1979TL;DR: A cored type welding electrode which enables good penetration, has an improved range of welding voltages, produces low smoke and provides a weld deposit having good impact properties was proposed in this article.
Abstract: A cored type welding electrode which enables good penetration, has an improved range of welding voltages, produces low smoke and provides a weld deposit having good impact properties. The flux contains larger than normal quantities of basic oxides, controlled maximum amounts of acidic or amphoteric oxides and deoxidizers, and a very carefully controlled maximum and minimum amount of combined fluorine in the form of a fluoride.
32 citations
Patent•
25 May 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a flux-coated stick electrode was used to make the same and usable in the arc-welding of cupro-nickel (ASME P.34) parts particularly pipe ends.
Abstract: A weld and process for making same and usable in the arc-welding of cupro-nickel (ASME P.34) parts particularly pipe ends using a flux-coated stick electrode, characterized in that an "open V" butt weld is employed with a root face having a mean width greater than 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) and not greater than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) and a root gap from 2 to 3 mm. The process is further characterized in that the welding is carried out solely from the open side of the V without employing additional inert gas shielding, backing material or subsequent welding at the reverse face.
16 citations
TL;DR: Because of reports of risks associated with the use of contact lenses during exposure to welding arcs, the temperature changes in soft contact lenses were recorded in connection with certain types of welding, both with free-hanging lenses and lenses applied to the eyes of anesthetized rabbits.
Abstract: Because of reports of risks associated with the use of contact lenses during exposure to welding arcs, the temperature changes in soft contact lenses were recorded in connection with certain types of welding [manual metal arc (MMA) welding, tungsten inert-gas (TIG) welding, and metal inert-gas (MIG) welding], both with free-hanging lenses and lenses applied to the eyes of anesthetized rabbits. A great increase in temperature was noted, especially with MMA welding. At a distance of 0.4 m the temperature of a lens on a rabbit eye rose from about 35 to 50°C within 6 min, whereas the air temperature only increased from 23 to 30°C. The increase was the greatest at the beginning of the welding period. Most of the lenses completely dried out during the experiment, and there would seem to be a potential risk that the lens would adhere to the cornea. One safety glass screen (DIN 10 A) proved effective in preventing the rise in temperature in contact lenses during MMA welding. Even though it is impossible to direct the eyes at the arc for a prolonged period of time, the use of contact lenses in connection with at least certain types of welding is not to be recommended without the use of a suitable safety glass screen (or safety glasses). With regard to the large number of particles in the welding environment, also a risk factor for contact lens wearers, it is doubtful whether even safety glasses or screens are satisfactory unless they fit closely.
16 citations
Patent•
20 Nov 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a noncoated electrode wire is obtained by filling the powdered flux made of essential elements such as BaF2, iron oxide, Al, Mg and Mn at a predetermined ratio to a quantity of the wire.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a noncoated electrode wire being able to avoid any chance for defect welding such as slag enfolding and/or inferior penetration, by filling the powdered flux made of essential elements such as BaF2, iron oxide, Al, Mg and Mn in a metallic sheath at a predetermined ratio to a quantity of the wire. CONSTITUTION:The powdered flux made of essential elements such as 31-75% BaF2, 2-25% iron oxide, 3-15% Al, 3-15% Mg and 0.5-10% Mn is prepared. Next, the required noncoated electrode wire is manufactured by filling the flux in a metallic sheath made of mild steel etc. at a ratio of 15-30% to a total quantity of the wire. If such electrode wire is used for the arc welding, the welding work efficiency at vertical position should be remarkably improved and higher welding current is also applicable.
8 citations
Patent•
14 Feb 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to stabilize the transfer condition of arc and globules at short circuit transfer welding and improve bead shapes by such things as addition of a suitable amount of S in particular into the welding wire, limitation of Ti and Al to slight amounts and limitation of the remaining of Ca on the wire surface to a slight amount.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To stabilize the transfer condition of arc and globules at the short circuit transfer welding and improve bead shapes by such things as addition of a suitable amount of S in particular into the welding wire, limitation of Ti and Al to slight amounts and limitation of the remaining of Ca on the wire surface to a slight amount. CONSTITUTION:In the finish wire drawing process after plating of the Ar-CO2 shielded arc welding wire composed of the wire composition comprising C; 0.2% or less, Si; 0.51-1.20%, Mn; 0.8-2.5%, S; 0.016-0.060%, Ti; 0.03% or less, Al; 0.02% or less, N; 0.010% or less, Ca; the total amount of the wire composition and surface pickup is 0.0050% or less and the rest substantially Fe, seed oil is used as a lubricant and the seed oil is let to remain at 0.001-0.05wt% on the wire surface. By this wire composition, the weld bead width is made wider, the deviation in the aiming of the weld line may be covered and the weld metal of superior weld shape and high toughness may be obtained.
7 citations
Patent•
13 Mar 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, JPO and Japio proposed to reduce the pure inert gas consumption by using crude inert gas or carbonic acid gas for protecting molten pool and arc from the outside air.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To reduce the pure inert gas consumption in the captioned welding by using pure inert gas for cutting-off electrode from the outside air and using crude inert gas or carbonic acid gas for protecting molten pool and arc from the outside air. CONSTITUTION: Inert gas such as pure Ar gas is used as shielding gas for cutting- off an electrode 5 from the outside air within the inner nozzle 2 of a double shielded TIG welding torch and crude Ar gas or carbonic aicd gas is used as the shielding gas for protecting molten pool and arc from the outside air within an outer nozzle 3. In this way, the amount of using pure Ar gas is reduced and the welding cost reduced. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio
6 citations
Patent•
13 Mar 1979
TL;DR: An electrode method for welding thin steel sheets using the MIG and/or MAG welding process is made from a copper-manganese alloy with 3-35% Mn, 0-15% Ni, 0.02-0.7% Si and the remainder copper as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An electrode method for welding thin steel sheets using the MIG and/or MAG welding process is made from a copper-manganese alloy with 3-35% Mn, 0-15% Ni, 0.02-0.7% Si and the remainder copper.
6 citations
01 May 1979
TL;DR: The plasma arc welding process has been evaluated for use in the fabrication of high-performance ship materials, which include HY steels, PH stainless steels and titanium and aluminum alloys as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: : The plasma arc welding process has been evaluated for use in the fabrication of high-performance-ship materials, which include HY steels, PH stainless steels, and titanium and aluminum alloys Welding parameters and mechanical properties of plasma arc keyhole mode welds in varying thicknesses were determined for the above materials Additional information was generated through an evaluation of the commercial practice of plasma arc welding It was found that this type of welding is a viable fabrication technique for the intended application The materials of interest can be welded from one side in one or two passes in thicknesses of 1/2-in (125-mm) or less with less distortion than conventional arc welding processes Filler metal consumption is minimal, mechanical properties are satisfactory, and required operator skill levels are not exceptionally high The highly cost effective plasma arc welding process could be implemented with existing technology in the fabrication of high-performance-ship materials
4 citations
Patent•
08 Feb 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, a core wire from a coating material prior to the arc generation is inserted into a cavity formed by indenting the core wire with an electro-conductive substance.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To easily generate arc in rewelding by filling an electro-conductive substance into a cavity formed by indenting a core wire from a coating material prior to the arc generation.
Patent•
03 May 1979TL;DR: A consumable welding electrode, a method of electoslag welding using such an electrode, and an electroslag weld deposit produced by the use of the welding electrode and welding method of the invention are presented in this article.
Abstract: A consumable welding electrode, a method of electoslag welding using such an electrode, and an electroslag weld deposit produced by the use of the welding electrode and welding method of the invention. The welding electrode, while not restricted thereto, has particular utility for use in the electroslag welding of high tensile strength members formed of low alloy steels of the family of steels which includes American Society of Testing Materials designation ASTM A516-76. The welding electrode has a chemical composition in which the carbon content and contaminants have been reduced to the very minimum possible, resulting in greater impact strength of the electroslag weld deposit. The welding electrode includes constituents of manganese, silicon, nickel and iron. The nickel and manganese content of the electrode are so proportioned as to compensate for loss of tensile strength in the electroslag weld deposit which would otherwise be caused by the minimal carbon content of the welding electrode, this proportioning of the nickel and manganese content of the welding electrode also maximizing impact strength and ductility of the weld deposit. When the electrode of the invention is used for the electroslag welding of low alloy, high tensile strength steel members, such as steels of the ASTM A516-76, family, the resulting electroslag weld deposit has a characteristic microstructure resulting in good tensile strength, high impact strength, and good ductility characteristics over a wide range of dilution of the weld deposit by the base metal, all without the necessity of an expensive and energy-consuming post-weld "normalizing" heat treatment as has been required in the prior art.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Welding is carried out using the SMAW process by welding the steel first with E7018 electrodes and then welding from the clad side with Enicu-2 filler metal as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Welding is carried out using the SMAW process by welding the steel first with E7018 electrodes and then welding from the clad side with Enicu-2 filler metal. An antifouling and corrosion resisting material can be used for a nearly maintenance-free ship hull with improved fuel economy.
01 Mar 1979
TL;DR: A heat affected zone simulation was conducted on Hastelloy alloy B-2, a low carbon, nickel-molybdenum, corrosion resistant alloy, to investigate its resistance to hydrochloric acid environments as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A heat affected zone simulation was conducted on Hastelloy alloy B-2, a low carbon, nickel-molybdenum, corrosion resistant alloy, to investigate its resistance to hydrochloric acid environments. Metal sheets were subjected to thermal cycling to simulate various welding processes. Samples were then exposed to hot HCl solutions and the maximum corrosion penetration was assessed metallographically. Results of the tests reveal that the maximum penetration depth for all specimens is well below the maximum allowed by specifications, except in the tests of samples treated to simulate electroslag welding, a process not recommended for Hastelloy alloys, and in certain production heats of alloys treated to simulate submerged arc welding. It is concluded that the heat affected zone corrosion resistance of the B-2 alloy should be preserved if welding is accomplished by such processes as shielded metal arc, gas tungsten arc or gas metal arc welding, while submerged arc welding may be too hot.
Patent•
23 Feb 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the asymmetrical grooves in which the sectional area of the inside groove 2 is smaller than that of the outside groove 3 are formed to the blank pipe 1 being a large-diameter thick-walled steel pipe of thickness about 32W50mm in general, formed by both processes of U-forming and O-forming.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the macro shapes and high toughness of the weld zone of good inside and outside surfaces by forming asymmetrical grooves on the inside and outside surfaces of the large-diameter thick-walled steel pipe, submerged-arc-welding the inside surface and welding the outside surface in two layers through large-current MIG welding and submerged arc welding. CONSTITUTION: The asymmetrical grooves in which the sectional area of the inside groove 2 is smaller than that of the outside groove 3 are formed to the blank pipe 1 being a large-diameter thick-walled steel pipe of thicknesses about 32W50mm in general, formed by both processes of U-forming and O-forming. Next, the inner side of the blank pipe 1 is welded from the groove deep part up to the groove surface part by a multielectrode submerged arc welding machine 5a of AC using fused flux. On the other hand, the outside surface side is subjected to the 1-run welding of the 1st layer and 2nd layer respectively by a large-current MIG welding torch 4 and submerged arc welding machine 5b. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio
Patent•
16 Apr 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, a T-stud is used as an electrode to prevent formation of oxide film on the base metal surface during the welding, the inert mixed gas comprising carbon dioxide gas and argon gas.
Abstract: A stud welding method uses an inert mixed gas as arc shield in performing stud welding on a base metal, such as, vehicle body, by utilizing the stud, e.g. a T-stud, as an electrode, the stud serving as the positive pole while the base metal serves as the negative pole to thereby prevent formation of oxide film on the base metal surface during the welding, the inert mixed gas comprising carbon dioxide gas and argon gas.
Patent•
05 Sep 1979TL;DR: In this article, a method of welding metallic workpieces with an arc magnetically moved along a path of a welding-edge seam, welding current I and/or welding voltage U are readjusted by changing the distance between the workpieces 18, 19.
Abstract: In a method of welding metallic workpieces with an arc magnetically moved along a path of a welding-edge seam, welding current I and/or welding voltage U are readjusted by changing the distance between the workpieces 18, 19. With this method, the range of application of welding with a magnetically moved arc is increased.
Journal Article•
Patent•
23 Aug 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the welding powder pref. powders contain only Ce and/or CeO2; and the welding powders pref. has a compsn. by wt. of 5-40.
Abstract: The powder contains mineral oxides, such as SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, MnO, and halogen cpds., e.g. LiF, KF, NaF, CaF2; plus one or more elements(a) in the cerite earths, lanthanides and/or their oxides, esp. using 0.1-3 wt.% of elements(a) and/or their oxides. The pref. powders contain only Ce and/or CeO2; and the welding powder pref. has a compsn. by wt. of 5-40. (12-35)% SiO2; 5-35, (8-25)% CaF2; 5-50, (10-30)% Al2O3; is not >5%, (is not >3)% FeO; 0-60% Fe; 50-40, (10-25)% MnO; 5-35, (15-30)% MgO; is not >5% NaO2 and/or K2O; plus 0.01-10%, (0.1-3)% Ce and/or CeO2. The toughness of the welded joints, and esp. notch toughness at sub-zero temps., is improved.
17 Jul 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of baseline studies on the effects of chemical, metallurgical, and mechanical factors on the SCC properties of high-strength steels and weldments were described.
Abstract: : This report describes the results of baseline studies on the effects of chemical, metallurgical, and mechanical factors on the SCC properties of high-strength steels and weldments. The primary materials were quench-and-tempered steels or weld metals in the HY-100 and HY-130 systems with complex martensitic microstructures. The cantilever beam method was used to measure K sub Iscc of the materials in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution under zinc-coupled conditions. This parameter was utilized to rank the materials and to evaluate the effects of processing, welding procedure, and tempering on SCC properties. (Author)
TL;DR: The influence of various residual elements on the elevated-temperature properties of austenitic stainless steel welds has been investigated at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The influence of various residual elements on the elevated-temperature properties of austenitic stainless steel welds has been investigated at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Included in this investigation are the effects of boron, phosphorus, titanium, carbon, sulfur, and silicon. This work is aimed at developing austenitic stainless steel weld materials with enhanced elevated-temperature properties. The materials investigated include types 308, 316, and 16-8-2 stainless steel weld metals. Processes investigated include shielded metal-arc (SMA), gas tungsten-arc (GTA), and submerged-arc (SA) welding. Early work was done with Types 308 and 316 SMA weld metals, where the greatest enhancement of properties resulted from controlled additions of boron, phosphorus, and titanium to the deposits. Significant improvements in the properties of GTA and SA welds also result from the addition of these residual elements. The optimum residual element compositions were determined to be nominally 0.05Ti-0.04P-0.006B for SMA welds and 0.5Ti-0.04P-0.006B for GTA welds. Submerged-arc welds with 0.2Ti have exhibited improved creep strengths for all three materials.
Patent•
11 Jul 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to insulate the magnet coil itself and/or its suspension during welding with a magnetically moved arc to avoid short-circuit short circuits.
Abstract: During welding with a magnetically moved arc (6), it has been found that the arc also burns at times between workpiece (1) and magnet coil (5) so that no optimum welding quality is achieved. To avoid these "short circuits" (7), it is proposed to insulate the magnet coil (5) itself and/or its suspension.