Topic
Shielded metal arc welding
About: Shielded metal arc welding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4462 publications have been published within this topic receiving 40560 citations. The topic is also known as: manual metal arc welding & flux shielded arc welding.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the weldability of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was evaluated using the Schaeffler diagram and showed a good correlation with the weld microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties.
Abstract: There is no other class of metallic materials offering a similar combination of strength, toughness. corrosion resistance and non magnetic properties as nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steels. However, welding characteristics of these materials still have to be quantified. In the present paper recent developments on the weldability of a new high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel are presented. Due to an approximate nitrogen content of 0.6% by weight, careful welding procedures are required to retain as much nitrogen as possible in the weld. Different are welding techniques such as shielded metal are welding (SMAW), gas metal are welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) were used. To investigate the influence on the microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties different filler materials and gas compositions were used. The welding performance tests were carried out according to EN 288-3. All weld tests were successful. For the SMAW process the microstructure showed fusion zones without pores or any other defects. In the GMA and GTA welds the addition of nitrogen to the shielding gas promotes the formation of pores. It has been shown that a content of 8 vol.-% of nitrogen in the shielding gas is too high. An optimum can be expected around 4 vol.-% of nitrogen. Hardness tests exhibited lower values in the fusion zone. Lower values could also be observed in the ultimate tensile strength with a loss in the range of 15%. These results are due to a lower nitrogen content in the weld metal. The Charpy V values in the fusion zone are high. A weighting factor of 18 for nitrogen was used in the Schaeffler diagram and showed a good correlation.
14 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Implant test to determine the optimum parameters in wet underwater welding with the MMAW and self-shielding flux-cored arc welding that minimize the appearance of cold cracks.
Abstract: Research was carried out the aim of which was to determine the optimum parameters in wet underwater welding with the MMAW and self-shielding flux-cored arc welding that minimize the appearance of cold cracks with the employment of the Implant test. Welding was carried out at three levels of heat input, of 12, 15 and 18 kJ/cm, for each level the amount of diffusible hydrogen and critical Implant stress being determined. In addition, hardness tests in the welded joint and HAZ were carried out, as well as a microstructure analysis. Finally, conclusions about the risk of the occurrence of cold cracks in the wet underwater welding of API 5L X70 steel were drawn.
14 citations
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, an evaluation of submerged arc welding (SMAW) electrodes showed that wet welding is a viable process for underwater repair and maintenance of ships, and the authors proposed a method to use SMAW electrodes for underwater ship repairs and maintenance.
Abstract: An evaluation of submerged arc welding (SMAW) electrodes shows that wet welding is a viable process for underwater repair and maintenance of ships.
14 citations
01 Jan 2015
14 citations